暖通毕业设计外文翻译---地源热泵系统的模拟与设计

1、外文翻译：summarized the recent years source heat pump system simulation and the design aspect research and the progress.first has given the source heat pump system various parts modelling aspect progress, including the vertical pipe installation geothermy heat interchanger, the single well circulatory s

2、ystem as well as several kind of assistance heat dissipating arrangement which uses in the place source heat pump mix system.next, discusses the scene determination in-depth ground hot natural technology.third, introduction vertical pipe installation geothermy heat interchanger design method.finally

3、, gives in the design source heat pump system uses the system simulation several application example. key word: heat pump; geothermy heat interchanger; hot nature; mix system; model; design; simulation1. synopses looked from thermodynamics viewpoint that, uses the source hot work in the air-conditio

4、ning system for the heat source or the heat sink is appealing.this is because, looked from the whole year, its temperature ratio environment dry bulb or the wet-bulb temperature approach (needs) in the room the temperature.based on this reason, the source heat pump system has the potential compared

5、with the air source heat pump system in the high efficiency.in actual situation, source heat pump system because does not have the equipment to expose in exterior environment, the flower in the service aspect expense is quite low (cane, et al. 19982. although already had some source heat pump system

6、 technology to obtain the development in the scandinavian peninsula, but in its commercial development use was actually does well in us.this is mainly is because already has a very big housing air-conditioning system market in us.because its system has the low energy consumption and the low operatin

7、g cost already proved has attracted very many owners.uses electricity the peak value in american very many areas to be decided by the air conditioning electricityconsumption. enables some power equipment company regarding this reason to be interested very much to this system, they hoped through uses

8、 such system to reduce for the electric power demand.some small business organization and the public departments already studied this kind of technology the application.the source heat pump system attracts some school manager as a result of it low operating cost, and has the more and more many schoo

9、l use.already gave ghpc in us about the place source heat pump technology practical application some example research detail.3. meets down in the paper in the part we first can give the source heat pump system various parts modelling aspect progress, including the vertical pipe installation geotherm

10、y heat interchanger, the water source heat pump, the single well circulatory system as well as several kind of assistance heat dissipating arrangement which uses in the place source heat pump mix system.because must design the underground heat interchanger first to have to understand the geothermy t

11、he attribute, this paper second part introduced briefly the determination in-depth ground hot natural model, this method is by to measured the test hole temperature responded the scene test method expands comes.in the paper third part, will be able to introduce will design the vertical pipe installa

12、tion geothermy heat interchanger with the software the method.finally, gives in the design source heat pump system uses the system simulation several application example, including mixes the gshp system and the frostproof gshp system design.4. the 2.gshp system model constitutes the gshp system gene

13、rally is composed by the water source heat pump and the underground heat interchanger, regarding mixes the gshp system, but also includes several kind of assistance heat dissipating arrangement.these simulation equipment is covered in undeshuts the circulation underground heat interchanger to shut t

14、he circulation double barrel systems to be possible to use the horizontal pipe installation or the vertical pipe installation.vertical pipe installation system as a result of it high heattransfer efficiency by people many uses.this kind of type closed cycle heat interchanger sets at into the diamete

15、r by a root is 75mm150mm the drill hole u tube is composed.these drill holes after set at into the u tube with the earth backfill which drills or, more universal, the entire kondow pads with the thin mud.is in the milk usually is avoids the ground water the pollution moreover causing the heat transf

16、er pipeline with to contact completely reaches the greatly good heat transfer effect.is commonly used the diameter is the 22mm33mmhigh density polyethylene manages (hdpe) in the system pipe installation.punch depth generally between 30m120m.two kind of simulation complexity are very interesting.firs

17、t, the survey underground heat interchanger users smallest input design method is may take in the unit time.next, its can forecast in for several hours (or short time curve) because the building load continuously change has what influence to the underground heat interchanger the simulation pattern a

18、lso is also is may take.this theory permission and uses electricity the demand forecast to the system energy consumption.because both method take has been presented by eskilson(1987) development model as the foundation in this paper, the eskison method could first discuss, then will be to by yavuztu

19、rk and the spitler development simulation pattern description. (1999)2.1.1 eskison research techniqueseskison (1987) aims at the pair hole the ambient temperature distribution definite question solution uses the means which the logic analysis and the mathematical analysis unify.regarding the initial

20、 condition and in the boundary condition constant even soil the pair hole related value establishment radial direction - axial coordinates, the use transient state finite difference equation carries on the two-dimensional value computation individually.the pipe wall and the mud and so on the individ

21、ual drill hole essential factor calorific capacity is likely is neglected.the single drill hole temperature field through overlaps obtains the entire drill hole scope.the entire drill hole scope temperature response is transformed to a group of non-linear temperature feedback factor, was called make

22、s the g- function.this g-function possibly causes the place pair opening wall temperature change situation computation which the specific heat input causes correspondingly with some time in into.as soon as passes through the drill hole scope the feedback to indicate to the steps and ladders quantity

23、 of heat feedback with the g- function that, any random temperature feedback function can because of let above a series of step function the temperature feedback/output decision, moreover superimposes to each gradient function feedback.this process expressed regarding four month-long temperature fee

24、dbacks by the graphical representation method in figure simulation model here said the simulation model majority of details already introduced by yavuzturk and spitler.in this paper will be able to give its brief description.this model essential target is the application in the construction

25、energy analysis, this model can forecast the system energy consumption take each hour as the unit.this model nationality will consummate by the eskilson theory develops is discussed in here.the master g- function increased the forecast frequency to an hour several times.eskilson uses for to determin

26、e the g- function the data model not to be suitable for the short time curve survey, uses another kind of data model to survey a place pair hole short time internal heat feedback/output pulse the temperature response.regarding the short time in hot pulse, inside and outside the radial direction posi

27、tion pair hole hot shift affects the axial position hot shift is much bigger than.from this, has produced one kind of two-dimensional radial direction constant volume model.the details see also yavuzturk, et al. (1999).2.2 vertical circular hole well vertical circular hole well uses in directly carr

28、ying on the heat change with the ground.one kind used for to study the vertical circular hole well performance the data model already to research and develop, it was composed by two parts: pair hole constitution node model, in nearby ground water flowing and ground heat transfer constant volume mode

29、l.this kind of model utilization including the heat transfer which causes to the ground water flowing is clear about processing (rees, et al.2003).this kind of model may inspect vertical circular kong jing the performance in the use influence and the vital significance.itsperformance is most has in

30、following several parameters sensitively: current capacity, pair hole length, ground heat conductivity and hydraulic pressure conductivity.2.3 water source heat pump jin and spitler(2002a) has invented one kind of parameter estimate water source heat pump model.this kind of model carries on the ther

31、modynamic analysis to the freezing circulation, the specific heat exchange model is simpler, simultaneously is more precise than the freezing circulation compressor model.in the second paper (jin, et al.2002b), carries on the expansion to this model, including maneuver type air compressor sub-model

32、and use antifreeze step.in the manufacture manufacturer table of contents data narrated in model each kind of parameter which the multivariable optimization algorithm estimates.jin(2002) in detail narrated the parameter which the multivariable optimization algorithm and estimates.compares the equati

33、on - being suitable type model which before then produces, the water source heat pump model is more precise.jin(2002) also introduced one kind of similar water source heat pump model.in 2.4 mixed style gshp system thermal compensation source heat pump system the pair hole cost is the system cost imp

34、ortant part, but it mainly is decided by the local geology condition.this kind of equipment mainly uses in refrigerating in the building.is bad in this kind of ground thermal conductivity, drill hole condition crude place, water source heat pump system cost quite expensive.for all this, we may adopt

35、 the primary cost with to be able the effect compromise means, reduces the pair hole scope, installs the assistance heat dissipating arrangement in the heat pump water pipe.such system is called the mixed source heat pump system.in the mix system water pipe has each kind of different type heat dissi

36、pating arrangement, for instance the cooling tower, brings the heat interchanger shallow pool, the hydraulic pressure heating surface or is called the bridge level.chiasson(2002a) has invented the shallow pool model, its principle is: because shuts the circulation heat interchanger, needs to install

37、 the counter-flow heat transfer installment in the water level surface mounting natural heat transfer installment foundation.chiasson(2000b) simultaneously also invented one kind to be suitable in the hydraulic pressure heating surface or is called the bridge level the finite differencemodel.this ki

38、nd of model even can imitate the snow melting process.the above these model use experimental assistance heat dissipating arrangement, obtains the approval in oklahoma state university.1. soil quantity of heat characteristic scene determination survey in-depth ground heat conductivity regarding the p

39、lace source heat pump system very important.the pair hole width length mainly is decided by in-depth ground hot nature.the determination in-depth ground heat conductivity traditional method is first definite around the pair hole the ground type.after the determination, may determine its heat conduct

40、ivity through double barrel heat pump system design handbook about the ground type material (epri1989).according to the report, in the ground information heat conductivity has a more widespread value, therefore could find one kind of more precise surveying to decide the ground heat conductivity meth

41、od to be better. the in-depth ground heat conductivity cannot the immediate determinant, only be able to infer through the tepid transformation measuring method, but also must use some geothermy transmission pattern, for instance linear water source law (ingersoll and plass1948; mogensen1983) or cyl

42、indrical water source law (carslaw and jaeger1947).interesting is they also has the opposite use - - to determine its hot nature by the ground performance, but is not determines its performance by the ground hot nature.although the linear water source law and the cylindrical water source law may in

43、turn utilize in the reckoning ground heat conductivity, but still needed to make some simple hypotheses, because its influence result was not easy to determine.uses the pair hole particular data model, to place pair hole geometry and thermal fluid, pipeline.the mud as well as the ground hot nature c

44、arries on the detailed description, may reduce the element of certainty which the simple hypothesis creates.thus, can have a more precise estimate to the geothermy conductivitythe ground temperature responded the analysis step has two basic types: analytic method (witte, et al.2002) and parameter es

45、timate law (austin1998; austin et al.2000; shonder and beck1999).witte et al(2002) uses the linear water source law and theindefinite analytic method carries on the scene test to the ground heat conductivity.the austinet al(2000) parameter estimate law is surveys one with the vertical drill hole tra

46、nsient state two-dimensional data constant volume pattern known to change the time the heat flux input ground temperature response.the nelder mead simplex operation principle is used for to excavate the ground and the mud heat conductivity most valueable use, that is the temperature which surveys th

47、e experiment responded and the estimate temperature between responded the interpolation reduces the threshold. the survey ground heat conductivity test installation is by eklof, gehlin(1996) and austin(1998) invents independently.figure 5 is austin et the al. (2000) invention test system schematic d

48、rawing.the test installation places in the trailer which may drive.the pair hole installment 50 hour experimental proofs by one is satisfied.short experimental time suits the human regard extremely, moreover is possibly the subject which the future will study.参考文献摘要 ：总结了近年来地源热泵系统的模拟和设计方面的研究和进展。首先给出了

49、 地源热泵系统各部件建模方面的进展，包括竖直埋管地热换热器、单井循环系统 以及在地源热泵混合系统中采用的几种辅助散热装置。其次，讨论现场测定深层 岩土热物性的技术。第三，介绍竖直埋管地热换热器的设计方法。最后，给出在 设计地源热泵系统中采用系统模拟的几个应用实例。关键词：热泵；地热换热器；热物性；混合系统；模型；设计；模拟1.简介从热力学的观点来看，在空调系统中利用地源热作为热源或者冷源是吸引人 的。这是因为，从全年来看，其温度比环境干球或湿球温度更接近于室内（所需 要）的温度。基于这个原因，地源热泵系统较之空气源热泵系统在高效率上更具 有潜力。在实际情况中，源热泵系统由于没有设备暴露在外部的

50、环境中 ,花在维 修方面的费用是比较低的(cane, et al. 1998).虽然已经有一些地源热泵系统技术在斯堪的那维亚半岛得到发展，但是其商 业上的开发利用却是在美国做得最好。这是主要是因为在美国已经存在着一个很大的住宅空调系统市场。其系统由于有着较低的能耗和低运行费用已经证明吸引 了很多业主。在美国很多地区用电峰值取决于空调用电量。 对于这个原因使得 一些电力设备公司对这个系统很感兴趣 ,他们希望通过使用这样的系统来减少对 电力的需求。一些小型商业机构和公共部门已经研究出这种技术的应用。地源热 泵系统由于其较低的运行费用而吸引一些学校主管 ,并有越来越多的学校使用。 在美国关于地源热泵

51、技术实际应用的一些实例研究细节已经交给 ghpc。在论文接下来的部分中我们首先会给出地源热泵系统各部件建模方面的进 展，包括竖直埋管地热换热器、水源热泵、单井循环系统以及在地源热泵混合系 统中采用的几种辅助散热装置。由于要设计地下换热器首先就要了解地热的属 性，这篇论文的第二部分简要介绍了确定深层岩土热物性的模型，这种方法是由 对测试孔温度反应的现场测试法引申而来的。在论文的第三部分，将会介绍一下 用软件来设计竖直埋管地热换热器的方法。最后，给出在设计地源热泵系统中采 用系统模拟的几个应用实例，其中包括混合 gshp 系统和防冻 gshp 系统的设计。2.gshp 系统模型构成gshp 系统一

52、般由水源热泵和地下换热器组成，对于混合 gshp 系统，还包括 几种辅助散热装置。这些模拟的设备在下面被覆盖。2.1 闭循环地下换热器闭循环双管系统可采用水平埋管或垂直埋管。垂直埋管系统由于其较高的换 热效率而被人们较多的采用。这种类型的闭式循环换热器由一根根置入直径为 75mm150mm 钻孔的 u 型管组成。这些钻孔在置入 u 型管后用钻出来的土回填或 者，更普遍，整个孔都用薄泥浆填塞。灌浆通常是避免地下水的污染而且使换热 管道与完全接触以达大良好的换热效果。常用于系统埋管的是直径为 22mm33mm 的高密度聚乙烯管 (hdpe)。打孔深度一般在 30m120m 之间。两种模拟的复杂性很

53、有意思。首先，测量地下换热器在单位时间内用户的最 小输入的设计方法是可取的。其次，其能预测数小时内(或较短的时距)由于建筑 物负荷的连续变化对地下换热器造成何影响的模拟模式也是也是可取的。这一理 论允许对系统能量消耗和用电需求预测。因为两者的方法以被 eskilson(1987) 发展的模型为基础在这论文中呈现了, eskison 的方法将会首先被讨论,接着是 对被 yavuzturk 和 spitler 发展的模拟模式的描述.(1999)2.1.1 eskison 的研究方法eskison (1987) 针对地耦孔周围温度分布的确定问题的解决办法是采用逻 辑分析和数学解析相结合的办法。对于初

54、始条件和边界条件恒定的均匀土壤中的 单个地耦孔的相关数值建立径向 -轴向坐标，使用瞬态有限差分方程进行二维数 值计算。像管壁和泥浆等个别钻孔要素的热容量是被忽略的。单个钻孔的温度场 通过重叠来获得整个钻孔范围。整个钻孔范围的温度回应被转换到一组非线性的温度反馈因数,被称做 g-函 数。这个 g-函数使得与某一时间内的特定热量输入相应引起的地耦孔壁的温度 变化情况的计算成为可能。一经钻孔范围的反馈对阶梯热量的反馈用 g-函数来 表示, 任何的任意热反馈函数能被藉由在一系列的阶梯函数之上让热反馈 /输出 决定, 而且叠加对每个梯度函数的反馈。这一过程对于四个月的热反馈以图示的方法在图 1 中表示。

55、基本的热脉冲（从零到 q ）是指历经整个过程 4 个月后的热量峰值，其值1q = q 。次级脉冲 q = q - q ，为 3 个月期间后的峰值。同理，q 1 1 2 2 1 3= q - q3 2为两个月期末峰值，最后， q = q - q 指一个月后的热量峰值。因此，任何时间4 4 3地耦孔壁的温度都能够由这四个阶梯函数计算确定。从数学角度来看，在第 n th时 期的末期，受位置因素影响的地耦孔壁的温度如下：tborehole =tground+ni =1(q -q ) t -t r i i -1 g ( n i -1 , b 2pk t hs)其中:t =时间(s)t =时间范围 =h

56、s2/(9a )h =孔井深度(m)k=岩土导热系数(w/(m.k)tborehole =孔井平均温度()tground=岩土稳态温度()q=阶梯热反馈脉冲(w/m)rbi= 孔径(m)=时间梯度结束指数2.1.2 仿真模型这里所说的仿真模型的大部分细节已经由 yavuzturk 和 spitler 所介绍。 在本文中将会给出其简要的描述。这个模型的主要目标是应用在建筑能量分析 上，这模型能够以每小时为单位来预测系统能量消耗。此模型籍由 eskilson 理 论完善而发展将在这里被讨论。master 的 g-函数把预测频率增加至一小时数次。 eskilson 用来测定 g-函数的数据模型不适用于短时距测量 ,采用另一种数据模 型来测算一个地耦孔短时间内热反馈 /输出脉冲的温度反应。对于短时间内的热 脉冲来说，径向位置地耦孔内外的热转移比轴向位置的热转移影响大得多。由此， 产生了一种二维径向定容模型。详情参见 yav