专题教案高考英语易错题三形容词与副词教师版

1、 小升初 中高考 高二会考 艺考生文化课 一对一辅导 （教师版） 学生姓名： 年级：任教学科： 教学次数：3 教学时间： 指导教师：江洪 教学模式：教学地点：滨湖联创 新区宝龙 胡埭校区上次课程学生存在的问题： 学生问题的解决方案：高考英语形容词与副词考点归纳一、形容词和副词的基本用法A形容词：就是用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。形容词主要作定语、表语、补语。如：1. This is a new pen. 这是支新钢笔。(形容词new作名词pen定语)2. These oranges taste _. (全国卷) A. good B. well C. to be g

2、ood D. to be well【分析】答案选A。系动词taste(尝起来)后要接形容词作表语。3. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _. (全国卷)A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening【分析】答案选A。形容词open(开着的)作宾补，表示状态。注意：不要选答案D，因为open是短暂性动词，不能表状态。B副词：就是修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词在句中主要作状语。如：Its raining heavily. 雨下得很大。

3、(副词heavily修饰谓语动词)Its a rather interesting job. 这是一份相当有趣的工作。(副词rather修饰形容词interesting)She speaks English very well. 她的英语说得很好。(副词very修饰副词well)This is just what he said. 这正是他所说的。(副词just修饰what he said)注：here, there, in, out, away, abroad等少数副词也可以作表语；here, there, home, abroad, below等表示地点或方位的词及today, tomor

4、row, yesterday, back, out等表示时间或动词方向词还可以作定语。如：Tom isnt here. 汤姆不在这里。(here作表语)The people there were very kind to us. 那里的人对我们很友好。(副词there作定语，修饰people)二、定语形容词与表语形容词A表语形容词：有的形容词一般只作表语，如表示健康状况的well, unwell, ill, faint，表示情感反应的glad, sorry, fond, worth, able，以a开头的afraid, alone, asleep, alive, awake, alike, a

5、shamed等。但有的可作后置定语或补语。B定语形容词：通常只作定语的形容词，如起强调作用的only(唯一的), single(唯一的), certain(某一), real(真正的), true(真正的), very(正是), live(活的), exact(准确的), present(在场的)，由名词等转化而来的wooden(木制的), woolen(羊毛制的), drunken(醉的), medical, daily, weekly, electric, former(前任的), some, any, little, many, 及one-eyed之类的复合形容词等。如：This is

6、a medical school. (不说This school is medical. ) 三、形容词作定语的后置规律 形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但是在下列情况下作定语的形容词却要位于所修饰的名词之后：A形容词短语作定语时要后置。如：_ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (全国卷)A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough b

7、rave【分析】答案选C。enough修饰形容词时要位于形容词之后，排除B和D。brave enough to是形容词短语作定语，修饰students，要置于名词students之后。B表语形容词作定语要后置。如：All the people _ at the party were his supporters. (北京卷)A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important【分析】答案选A。表语形容词present(出席的、在场的)作定语，要放在所修饰的名词后。C形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing等时，要位

8、于后面。如：Is there anything important in the paper? 报纸上有什么重要新闻吗？四、多个形容词作定语的排序多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘性形容词+表示大小(长短、高低)、形状、年龄(新旧)的形容词+表颜色的形容词+表国籍或产地的形容词+表物质材料的形容词+表类别或用途的形容词+名词。如：1. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _ car. (辽宁卷)A. large German whiteB. large white German C. white large Ge

9、rmanD. German large white 【分析】答案选B。按“大小+颜色+产地”的顺序排列。2. _ students are required to take part in the boat race. (浙江卷)A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese【分析】答案选A。数词是限定词，应排在形容词前，排除C和D；又strong是描绘，young是年龄，Chinese是国籍，其先后应为“描绘年龄国籍”。

10、 3. The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. (江苏卷)A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little【分析】答案选A。little是限定词，应放在形容词前面，排除C和D；表示颜色的应放在表示物质材料的形容词的前面，排除B。注：限定词的排序：前位限定词 (指量限定词all, both, half等；倍数词double, twice等；分数词one-third, two-fifths

11、等) +中位限定词 (冠词；指示代词；形容词性物主代词；名词所有格)+后位限定词 (序数词及last, next等；基数词及few, several等)。如：1. The husband gave his wife _ every month in order to please her. (重庆卷)A. all half his incomeB. his half all income C. half his all incomeD. all his half income【分析】答案选A。all和half都是前位限定词，his是中位限定词，所以his要位于all和half之后，只有A正确。

12、2. How was your recent visit to Qingdao?It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _ days at the seaside. (全国卷)A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny fewD. few sunny last【分析】答案选B。last, few是限定词，sunny是描绘性形容词，根据“限定词+形容词”的原则，排除C和D。又根据“序数词(包括last, past, next, another等)+基数词(包括few, sev

13、eral等)”的原则，排除A。五、副词在句中的位置规律 1) 副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。如：1. Mum, I think Im _ to get back to school. Not really, my dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two. (全国卷)A. so wellB. so good C. well enoughD. good enough【分析】答案选C。指“身体好”用形容词well (=healthy)而不用good；副词enou

14、gh修饰形容词时，要位于形容词之后。2. If I had _, Id visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places. (全国卷)A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough【分析】答案选A。enough要放在形容词long之后。3. _, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and c

15、areless. (上海卷)A. Strangely enoughB. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange【分析】答案选A。修饰整个句子，要用副词，排除C和D；副词enough应放在它所修饰的副词strangely的后面，所以选A。2) 频度副词always, usually, often, never等一般放在行为动词前，或者情态动词、助动词或be动词之后。如：She always gets up early. 她总是起得早。(副词always放在行为动词gets之前)She is seldom late for scho

16、ol. 他很少上学迟到。(副词seldom放在be动词之后)3) 词表示地点的副词常放在句末；表示确定时间的副词放在句首或句末；表示方式的副词词通常放在“动词(+宾语)”之后，也可放在其它位置；同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时，其顺序一般为：方式地点时间。如：_ I went to the railway station to see my friend off. (全国卷)A. After eating quickly my dinner B. After my quickly eating dinnerC. After eating my dinner quickly D. After

17、eating my quickly dinner【分析】答案选C。方式副词一般位于“动词(+宾语)”之后。六、ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别 -ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人”或“令人的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有：interested / interesting; excited / exciting; frightened / frightening; surprised / surprising; pleased / pleasing; moved / moving; disappointed / disappointi

18、ng等。1. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. (重庆卷)A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry【分析】答案选A。表示人“感到忧虑的”用-ed形容词。句意是：法律使得做父母的感到忧虑。2. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting;

19、 be interestedC. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest【分析】答案选D。指书令人有趣用interesting而不interested，排除A和C。interest是动词，“使有趣”。注：即使-ed形容词用以说明事物，那也是指与该事物相关的人；即使-ing形容词用以说明人，也是指此人具有该性质或特征。如： He told me the news in an excited voice. 他告诉了那个消息，声音很激动。The man is interesting. 这个有很有趣。另外，glad, happy, sor

20、ry, angry, thankful, proud等的主语也只能是人；而pleasant, easy, difficult, important等则通常以事物或it作主语，因为它们是说明事物的。如：Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. Mn, it does have a _ smell. (北京卷)A. pleasant; pleasedB. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasantD. pleased; pleasant【分析】答案选D。pleased指“(

21、人)感到高兴”，pleasant指“令人愉快的(事物)”。模拟单句演练（1） Ill try to be more carefully next time. （2） China is much more bigger than the United States.（3） There are few boys than girls in our class.（4） He says that skiing is much exciting than skating.（5） The more money you make， the most you spend.（6） He found someon

22、e was following her， so she felt frightening.（7） It was real very dangerous. You might have injured yourself.（8） In fact， we finished the work without any difficult.（9） Look at the asleep boy. How lovely！（10） The fish tastes well； why not have a try？（11） Last week was very rain. I didnt go out the w

23、hole week.（12） The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.（13） I promise to return back before 10.（14） The book contains much use information. Its well worth reading.（15） This is quite far the mostly expensive bicycle in the shop.（16） The workers warm welcomed us at their offices.（17） Oh， i

24、ts simply wonderfully to see you here！（18） She is in more health now than she was last year.参考答案（1） carefully 改为 careful，用形容词作表语。（2） 去掉more，more 不能修饰比较级。（3） few 改为 fewer，注意句中的 than.（4） 将 much 改为 more，或在 much 后加more，此句涉及 skiing 与 skating 的比较。（5） most 改为 more，the morethe more 意为“越越”。（6） frightening 改为

25、 frightened，frightening表示“令人害怕的”、“恐怖的”；frightened表示“感到害怕的”。 （7） real 改为 really，修饰形容词用 really，不用 real.（8） difficult 改为 difficulty，用名词形式作介词 without 的宾语。（9） asleep 改为 sleeping， asleep 为表语形容词，不用于名词前作定语。（10） well 改为 good， nice 等，taste 在此为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。（11） rain 改为 rainy，此处用形容词作表语。（12） 去掉 down，因 set 相当于 g

26、o down，本身就包括了 down.（13） 去掉 back，或将 return 改为 come / be.因 return 相当于 come back 或 be back.（14） use 改为 useful，用形容词作定语修饰名词。（15） mostly 改为 most，most 在此用于构成最高级。（16） warm 改为 warmly，修饰动词要用副词，不用形容词。（17） wonderfully 改为 wonderful，用形容词作表语。（18） more 改为 better，为 in good health 的比较级形式典型陷阱题分析1. We dont care if a hu

27、nting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell _.A. well, wellB. bad, badC. well, badlyD. badly, bad【陷阱】容易误选B，认为两个smell 均为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。【分析】这是1995年的一道上海高考题，最佳答案为D。句中的第一个 smell 为实义动词，意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”，smell badly 意为“嗅觉差”；第二个 smell 为连系动词，意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”，smell bad 意为“闻起来气味难闻”。全句意为“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好，但

28、我们的确不希望它的气味难闻”。2. “_ do you think of your English teacher?” “Oh, he is an _ man.”A. What, interestingB. What, interestedC. How, interestingD. How, interested【陷阱】容易误选D，认为第一空应填 how，表示“如何”；第二空应填 interested，因为有的书上说 ing 形容词主要说明事物，-ed 形容词主要说明人。【分析】其实最佳答案应是A。英语中表示汉语的“你觉得如何?”时，可用How do you like .? 或 What do

29、 you think of .? 注意两者搭配不同，即 like 与 how 搭配，think of 与 what 搭配。另一方面，有的书认为：-ing形容词说明事，-ed形容词说明人。此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠严谨。严谨的表述应该是：表示使(别)人感到如何, 用-ing形容词；表示人自己本身感到如何，用-ed形容词。比较：All the children are interested. 所有的孩子都很感兴趣。All the children are interesting. 所有的孩子都很有趣。I read an interested expression on his face.

30、 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。再比较：He is frightened. 他很害怕。He is frightening. 他很吓人。He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。3. The operation was successful, but I still felt _.A. very painfulB.

31、much painfulC. a lot of painD. very paining【陷阱】容易误选A，想当然地认为：pain 表示“痛”，其形容词painful自然表示表示“感到疼痛的”。 【分析】其实 painful 的意思并不是“感到疼痛的”，而是表示“使人感到疼痛的”、“使人感到痛苦的”，所以它通常用于说明事物，而不宜用于说明人。比较并体会：他仍很痛苦。正：He is still in pain.误：Hes still painful.你感到痛吗?正：Do you feel any pain?误：Are you painful?见到你这样生活我很痛心。正：I am pained to

32、 see you living this way.误：I am painful to see you living this way.听到他的死讯，我们都很痛苦。误：We were all painful to hear of his death. 正：We were all pained to hear of his death. 他眼睛痛。正：He has painful eyes.误：Hes painful in the eyes. 4. “Our team is _ to win the match.” “Really? But I dont think so.”A. easyB. d

33、ifficult C. possibleD. sure【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，因为假若单纯从中文意思来看，四个答案均说得通。【分析】正确答案为D，A、B、C三项填入空格处虽然从汉语来看说得通，但不合英语习惯。因为按英语习惯，easy 和difficult 后接不定式时，其主语(或逻辑主语)通常应是 it，而不能是具体的人或物，除非这个主语与其后不定式有动宾关系。如：他回答案这个问题很容易。误：Hes very easy to answer this quesiton. 正：It is very easy for her to answer this quesiton. (用形式主语 i

34、t 作主语)正：The question is very easy for her to answer. (主语为具体的事物，但它与其后不定式有动宾关系，即 to answer this quesiton)我们很难在半小时内完成这工作。误：We are very difficult to finish the work in half an hour.正：It is very difficult for us to finish the work in half an hour. (用形式主语 it 作主语)对possible 来说，后接不定式时，其主语只能是 it，不能是具体的人或事物，即使

35、该主语与其后的不定式有动宾关系也不可以。如：我们可能会赢得这场比赛。误：We are possible to win the match.误：The match is possible for us to win.正：It is possible that we will win the match.正：It is possible for us to win the match.5. I think he is _ to tell us the secret, but Im not sure.A. possibleB. likelyC. impossibleD. certain【陷阱】A、B

36、、C三项均有可能被选择。【分析】根据句意首先排除D；再根据上面一题的分析，排除A和C；也就是说，此题最佳答案为B。注意likely 的用法，它与possible所用句型不同，请看实例：Are we likely to arrive in time? 我们会及时赶到吗?Its very likely that he will ring me tonight. 今晚他很可能会给我来电话。They will very likely come by car. 他们很可能会坐汽车来。(该句中的likely为副词，而前两句中的likely为形容词)6. Lets make it at seven oclo

37、ck on Tuesday morning at my office if _. A. youre convenient B. it is convenient for youC. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you【陷阱】容易误选A或C，因为许多同学将汉语中的“如果你方便的话”直译为 if you are convenient 或 if you feel convenient。【分析】最佳答案为B，因为英语中的 convenient不是表示“感到方便的”，而是表示“使人感到方便的”，所以 be convenient 的主语通常不能

38、是“人”。要表示“如果你方便的话”，英语通常 if it is convenient for to you，其中的介词可用 for 或 to，但一般不用 with。顺便说一句，偶尔也可见到用人或物作 be convenient的主语，但此时的句子必须具备这样的特点：句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，如：Mary is convenient to see on Sunday. / It is convenient to see Mary on Sunday. 星期天去见玛丽较为方便。The furniture is convenient to move. / It is convenient to

39、 move the furniture. 这家具搬起来很方便。 7. We were two hours late that day, which was due to the _.A. crowded trafficB. crowded trafficsC. busy trafficD. busy traffics【陷阱】容易误选A，因为许多同学将汉语中的“拥挤的交通”直译为 crowded traffic(s)；由于 traffic 不可数，排除含 traffics 的选项，所以许多考生便选定答案A。【分析】其实，此题的最佳答案是C，因为英语的 traffic 习惯上不用 crowded

40、修饰，而用 busy 或 heavy 修饰，以说明“交通”的“拥挤”。类似这样的在修饰语方面需特别注意的还有：(1) 汉语的“绿茶”说成英语是green tea，但相应的“红茶”却是black tea 而不是 red tea。(2) 可说thick soup(浓汤)，但不说thick coffee (tea)；要表示“浓咖啡(茶)”，可用strong coffee (tea)。(3) 可说thin soup(稀汤)，但不说thin coffee (tea)；要表示“淡咖啡(茶)”，可用weak coffee (tea)。8. Mary is very clever and _ worth te

41、aching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now _ asleep in class.A. very, veryB. much, veryC. well, veryD. well, fast【陷阱】容易误选A，因为许多学生往往将汉语中的“很”与英语中的 very 等同。【分析】但是，许多汉语中的“很”是不能用英语中的 very 来直译的。如汉语“我很喜欢英语”，在英语中就不能说成 I very like English，而应说成 I like English very much，因为副词 very 在英语中习惯上不用来修饰动词。上面一题不能选A，是

42、因为形容词 worth 和 asleep 习惯上不能用副词 very 来修饰，而是分别用 well 和 fast修饰，即说成 be well worth doing sth(很值得做某事)，be fast (或 sound) asleep(熟睡)，所以此题的最佳答案应选D。9. “Could I take your order now?” “Yes. One _ tea and two _ coffees.”A. black, whiteB. red, whiteC. black, greenD. red, black【陷阱】容易误选B或D。【分析】按汉语习惯，在“茶”前要加表颜色的形容词通常

43、应是“红”和“绿”，即说“红茶”和“绿茶”。但是在英语中，人们虽然可直接用 green tea来表示“绿茶”，但却不能直接用 red tea 来表示“红茶”，汉语中的“红茶”说成英语应是 black tea，所以第一空应填black，即选A或C。对于第二空，coffee 前通常使用的表颜色的形容词是 white 和 black，其中 white coffee 指“牛奶咖啡”(因牛奶呈白色)，black coffee 指“没有加牛奶的咖啡”（即纯咖啡或清咖啡），由此可知上题的最佳答案应是A。10. Entering the house we found him lying on the bed

44、with his mouth _ and eyes _.A. open, closeB. opened, closedC. opened, closeD. open, closed【陷阱】此题很容易误选A。【分析】答案应选 D。open 和 close 均可用作动词，前者表示“开”，后者表示“关”，是一对反义词，如：Please open your mouth and close your eyes. 请张开嘴，闭上眼。但是 open 和 close 也可用作形容词，此时前者意为“开着的”，后者意为“接近的”、“亲近的”等，而并不表示“关着的”，要表示“关着的”，英语用 closed，即用作形

45、容词时，open 与close 不是一对反义词，而与 closed 才是反义词。 11. A _ road goes _ from one place to another.A. straight, straightB. straightly, straightlyC. straight, straightlyD. straightly, straight【陷阱】容易误选C。认为straightly 是straight 的副词形式。【分析】在现代英语中，straight 既可用作形容词，也可用作副词。而straightly这个副词在现代英语中已被废弃，许多词典均不再收录此词。所以此题最佳答案应

46、选A。精编陷阱题训练1. It was _ opportunity to miss. A. too good anB. a too goodC. too a good D. too good 2. I dont like it at all. It cant be _.A. betterB. worseC. bestD. worst3. There was nothing special about this film it was only _. A. particularB. averageC. interestingD. strange4. She looks very _ but I

47、cant remember her name.A. similarB. familiarC. friendlyD. strange 5. He said he would return the money, and I was _. A. fool enough to believe him B. enough fool to believe himC. fool enough believing himD. enough fool believing him6. “This book is _ more useful for us students.” “Yes, but it is _ t

48、oo difficult.”A. quite, quiteB. much, ratherC. rather, quiteD. quite, much7. The children all looked _ at the broken model plane and felt quite _.A. sad, sadB. sadly, sadlyC. sad, sadlyD. sadly, sad8. The child dreamed that he had once lived in a _ house in the forest.A. wooden pretty littleB. littl

49、e pretty woodenC. pretty little woodenD. wooden little pretty9. He wanted to read more, so he asked his friends if there was _ to read.A. something easy enoughB. something enough easy C. enough easy somethingD. easy enough something 10. The doctor assured the patient that there was _ with her, but s

50、he could not help worrying. A. seriously wrong nothing B. nothing serious wrong C. nothing seriously wrong D. serious nothing wrong 11. How is your father?Hes fine. Hes_ to play tennis every Sunday.A. enough active stillB. enough still active C. still active enoughD. still enough active12. Did you wash your new suit in hot water?Of course not. I am not _ foolish.A. veryB. thatC. very muchD. too13.Which team is _ to win the game?I dont know, but Ive found _ for ours to win. A. pro