2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考05 介词（讲解）素材

1、2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍 介词【介词命题趋势】1、表示时间的介词2、表示方位和运动方向的介词3、常用介词用法辨析4、介词与其它词类的搭配1）形容词与介词的搭配2）动词与介词的搭配3）名词与介词的搭配【分析解读】介词为中考的必考点,主要考时间介词、方位介词和介词的固定搭配。介词在应用中有固定性，所以准确记忆其用法和搭配是掌握介词的关键。【知识方法】 表示时间的介词- at in on since after by until 等 表示方位的介词-in on over to above under in front of in the front of 介词+名词 介词的固定搭配

2、的 be+形容词+介词 介词 动词+介词 between & among across &through& over& past 易混介词的区别 in &on for &to &towards after & behind but & besides &except In & afterto & at 知 识 清 单介词是一种虚词，用来表示它后面的名词或代词同句中其他某个成分之间的关系。介词在句中不能单独使用，必须连用它的宾语即后面的名词或代词构成介词词组后才能作句子成分。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！1. 介词的功能介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不

3、能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：The boy over there is Johns brother. 在那儿的那个男孩是约翰的弟弟。(定语)The girl will be back in two hours. 这位姑娘过两个小时回来。 (状语)Our English teacher is from Australia.我们的英语老师来自澳大利亚。 (表语)Help yourself to some fish. 请吃些鱼。 (宾语补足语)2. 常用介词的用法辨析（1）表时间的介词1）at, in on表示时间点

4、用at。例如：at six oclock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。since, after由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表

5、示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：I havent heard from him since last summer.自从去年夏天，我再也没有收到他的信。After five days the boy came back.五天后，这男孩返回来。in, afterin与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：He will be back in two m

6、onths.他在两个月后回来。He will arrive after four oclock四点钟后，他到达。He returned after a month.一个月后，他回来了。（2）表示地点的介词at, in, onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.他昨他天到达上海。They arrived at a small village before dark.他们在天黑前到达一个小村庄。There is a big hole in the wall.墙上有一个大洞。The

7、 teacher put up a picture on the wall.老师把一幅画挂在墙上。over, above, onover, on和above都可表示“在上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：There is a bridge over the river.河上有一架桥。We flew above the clouds.我们飞越云层。They put some flowers on the teachers de

8、sk.他们把一些花放在讲桌上。across, throughacross和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：The dog ran across the grass.狗跑过草地。The boy swam across the river.那男孩游过河。They walked through the forest.他们穿过森林。4) in front of, in the front ofin front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外

9、；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：There are some tall trees in front of the building.在大楼前有一些高树。The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.老师坐在教室前面3. 介词的固定搭配 介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, w

10、orry about, think of, look after, spendon, 等。（2）介词与名词的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松

11、！ 1. -What time did you get there this morning? - _ eight. A. In B. On C. At D. From2. He has got a chair to sit _, but nobody to talk _. A. on, to B. / , with C. on, / D. / , to Wheres Lily? We are all here _ her. A. beside B. about C. except D. withShanghai lies _ the east of China. A. to B. in C.

12、 on D. at 精析： 1. 答案：C.此题考查学生是否掌握了atin on 表示时间的用法。表示几点用at. 2. 答案: A.此题考查位置介词on 和词组talk to . 3. 答案： C. 此题考查四个介词的意思。能根据上、下文正确使用。 4. 答案： B. 此题考查学生是否掌握了表达位置的用法。在表达东、西、南、北的方位时。在范围之内用in , 在范围之外用to，相邻用on。练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！用适当的介词填空：Last Saturday I was busy _ my homework .My teacher was very angry _ me because

13、 I was late _ school again.Kathy prefers a hula hoop _ a book.I will invite some friends _ my eighteenth birthday party.How long has he worked _ an inventor.My uncle arrived _ the airport _ the morning of May 3.I will always help my friends when they are _ trouble.There is nothing _ air _ space.I wo

14、nt be back _ June. _ the age _ twenty, he had written two books. Mary fell _ her bike and hurt her right leg. He has been away _ China _ three years ago. When I was _ school, I was _ the school football team. I think he will be _ two oclock. The teacher was given some flowers _ his students. Look, t

15、he birds are singing _ the tree. He left the classroom _ all the windows open. My sister is ill today. She doesnt feel _ eating anything. Its too dangerous. You must keep the children away _ the fire. My parents arrived _ a cold night. You should apologize _ her _ stepping on her foot. The students

16、are sitting _ the table, reading the newspaper. The city is famous _ its football, and people there are very proud _ their city football team. We are doing better _ English _ our teachers help. Dont worry _ me. Everything is going well _ me. He was late _ school today, and she came late _ school, to

17、o. - Do you know what happened _ Peter yesterday?- He was hit _ a car. I like clothes made _ cotton. He will go to Hangzhou _ his car tomorrow. _ my surprise, the Englishman gave up halfway _ the end. I saw the great changes _ my own eyes. You look tired. Instead _ working indoors you should be out

18、_ a walk. Wushu is becoming more and more popular _ foreigners. If you are able to get the tickets tomorrow, please tell me _ phone. There is going to be a report _ Chinese history _ our school this evening. Before 1990 there was no airline _ the two cities. She is dressed _ a white skirt _ red flow

19、ers. Its bad _ you to go to work _ breakfast. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup. - Where have you been these days?- I have been to Bei Daihe _ a friend _ Canada.- Would you like some coffee?- Yes, and please get me some milk, too. I prefer coffee _ milk.- When did Mr Smith co

20、me here?- _ nine oclock yesterday morning. You must stand _ line when you are waiting _ a bus. - Jack, will you be home _ time to see the children before they go to bed?- No problem.China lies _ the east of Asia and _ the North of Australia.46. If you cant pass the exam, youll fall _ others.47. I ha

21、ve a swim every day _ yesterday.48. We all know that the earth moves _ the sun.49. The sunlight is coming in _ the window.50. This room is full_students and that one is filled_ teachers.Key: 1. with 2. with, for 3. to 4. to 5. as 6. at, in 7. in, 8. but, in 9. until 10.At, of 11. off 12. from, since

22、 13. in, on/in 14. in 15. by 16. in 17. with 18. like 19. from 20. on 21. to, for 22. at 23. for, of 24. in, with 25. about, with 26. for, to 27. to, by 28. from 29. in 30. To, in 31. with 32. of, for 33. among 34. by 35. on, in 36. between 37. in, with 38. without 39. of, for 40. with, from 41.to 4

23、2. At 43. in, for 44. in 45. in, to 46. behind 47. except 48. around 49. through 50. of, with【语法过关】1.China lies_ the east of Asia and_ the north of Australia, A. to; to B. in; to C to; in D. in; on 2.His son suddenly returned_ a cold rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. for 3.Timmy goes to school _ eve

24、ry day . Its 5 minutes walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat 4. Last month , students had to have their lessons by Internet _ because of SARS. A. on the playground B. at home C. in the street D. near the hospital 5.Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures _ a camera. A. as B. for C. like D. of6. Some shops open_ 10:00 a. m. and 3 : 30 p. m, during the Spring Festival holidays. A. at B. between C. from D. about 7. - How are you g