2019-2020年高考英语语法精讲精练精析-主谓一致

1、2019-2020年高考英语语法精讲精练精析-主谓一致谓语受主语支配， 须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这被称为主谓一致。 但是如果主语不是单一的， 或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和邻近一致原则。一、语法一致原则一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式；语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。The number of errors was surprising.错误之多是惊人的。They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。二、意义一致原则 主、谓语的一致

2、不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采用复数形式；主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采用单数形式。The crowd were fighting for their lives.这些人正为生存而战斗。Three years in a strange land seems like a long time.在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。（一）谓语动词为单数的情况1. 由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人

3、兼作家来自武汉。比较： The worker and the writer are from Beijing.那位工人和那位作家来自北京。Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.黄油面包是西方的日常饮食。2. everyand (every),each.and (each)a).,no.and (no) .连.,many a.and (many接两个单数名词作主语Every desk and every chair is made of wood.桌子和椅子都是木头做的Many a student has been to Shanghai.许多

4、学生到过上海3. one / every one / each / either / the number+ of+复数名词作主语Each boy and each girl has got a seat.Every man and every woman is at work.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。每个男人和女人都在工作。4. clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 词作主等无生命的集合名洪水灾区急需衣物Clothing is badly needed in this flooded ar

5、ea.5. 以“ s结”尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。6. 表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.他离开家乡已经二十年了。7. 由 any , some,no和一 one, thing, body 等所构成的不定代词作主语。 &非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。Collecting stamps is what he likes.他很喜欢集邮。9.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。（二）谓语动词为复数的情况1. 由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不

6、同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out.面包和黄油都已卖完了。2. people, police, cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。The police are looking for the missing child.警察正在寻找失踪的孩子。3. goods, stairs, arms等名词作主语。1. class, family,army, team, club, population,enemy, party, crowd,crew, audience, public,4.由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等“ s结”尾的专有名词作主语The Ol

7、ympic Games are held once every four years.奥运会每四年举办一次。5. a number of / quantities of / a group of+名词作主语。（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定government等集体名词作主语。强调整体用单数，指各个成员用复数。His family is a great one. / His family are music lovers.他有个大家庭。/ 他的家人都喜欢音乐。2. means （方法）,works （ 工厂）,pains （ 辛苦）,series （ 系列）,species （ 物种）等词，根

8、据 主语表达 的概念而定。Not every means is useful. / Not all means are useful.并非每种方法都有效。/并非所有的方法都有效。3. all, none, some, any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。All are present. / All the food tastes good.所有人都在场。/这些东西尝起来都很好。4. “ half / most / enough / part / the rest / the last / lots / plenty /分数 / 百分数 + of +名词”作主语， 谓语动词要和of之后

9、的名词的单复数保持一致Half of the students have finished their position. / Half of the apple is bad.一半学生完成了作文。/这苹果一半都坏了三、就近原则谓语动词根据和它最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式来决定其自身的数的形式。1. 由or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近 的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。Not only he but also I am invited.我和他都受邀请了。Neither the children nor

10、the teacher knows anything about it.学生和老师都对此一无所知。但注意 “ with / along with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / aswell as/ nomore than / besides / rather than+名词”置于主语后，谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.学生们和一位老师在教室呢。2. 在由there 或here 引起的句子

11、及倒装句中。There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌子上有一支笔和两本书。There are two books, some paper and a pen on the desk.桌子上有两本书，一些纸和一支钢笔。四、其他注意事项肯定与否定一致：下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。Weve had some宀 We havent had any (money) .(money).t I wasnt talking to anyone.I was talking tosomeone.They sometimes visit us

12、.t They rarely (never, seldom) visit us.He has arrived already.t He hasnt arrived yet.Li is ing too.t Li isnt ing either.Both of us a re going. t Neither of us are going.He likes both of them.t He doesnt like either of them.so / neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。My wife likes classical music very much and

13、so do I.She doesnt like jazz and neither do I.分析近五年来的高考题可以发现，高考对主谓一致的考查几乎每年都有所涉及，但题量不大，其因为是这项语法用法比较固定、单纯，要理清主谓一致的“三大原则”，记住这些用法就能很好地把这项语法学会；当然咼考命题多以特殊点为切入点，要注意三大原则里边的一些变化。尤其注意：主语从句作主语时谓语的确定; with,主语+ as well as, with, together with, alongrather than, but, except, besides等词时的主谓一致；定语从句中谓语动词的数与定语从句所修【xx

14、安徽卷）saved27 】 The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which饰的名词或代词的数保持一致for other purposes.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【答案】D【考点】考查主谓一致和时态。【解析】定语从句中先行词是the raw materials，故定语从句应与先行词数的一致，用复数，上文时态为过去式，故选D。句意为：工厂用了这种原材料的65%剩余部分节省出来作他用【xx 湖南卷）26 】One third of the countrycovered withtrees

15、 and theof thecitizensblack people.majority D. are; isA. is; areB. is; isC. are; are【答案】A【考点】考查主谓一致。【解析】整个国家为整体，三分之一的部分当然也应用单数；而the majority of citizens主要指人，是可数名词，此时的谓语动词用复数，表示“大多数，大部分sthe only one of the women who10 全国H Barbara is easy to recognize as she evening dress.A.wear答案FbB.wear sC.has wornD

16、.have worn考点考查主谓 致和时态。解析首the only one为？先.行,定语从句修饰的one,one是主而非后先of词时是即语，面的复 women,根据主谓一致的原 数贝U谓语动词应该用复 数排除A,D 。另外，从 “ is可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯 ，因此要用一般现在时，排除C,故选AE 10 湖南Listeningto loud music at rock concertscaused hearing loss in someteenagers.A. isB. areC. hasD. have1答案CK考点主谓一致1解析根据动名词短语作主语句子的谓语动词用单数形式5由此排除

17、B、D两项，根据widel read, of whose works, y主语 caused的主动关，排 A项 与系除1 四川 Such poets as Shakespeare 0however, somedifficult to understand.A. are ； are答案FAB. is ; is C. are ； isD. is : areK考点考查主谓一致K解析主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用复数其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works,谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。E09 山东 The number of foreign students at

18、tending Chinese universitiesrisingsteadilysince1990.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been答案C考点本题考查主谓一致和时态。1解析主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是 since 1997 所以用完成时态。09 四川 The teacher together with the studentsdiscussing Reading Skills thatnewly published in America.A. are; wereB. is; wereC. are; wasD. is; wa

19、s答案汨考点考查主谓一致。解析A together with B 作主语时谓语动词与 A的单复数保持一致；第二空为定语从句that指代Reading Skills, 由于Reading Skills是书名所以谓语动词用单数。09 湖南 Either you or one of your studentsto attend the meeting that is duetomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be答案B考点主谓一致的用法。1解析Either ? or ?.连接两个主语，按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。One of your students谓语应用单数形式

20、A.going toB. are going to toC. was goingvisit Beijing this summer.D. were going to1 09 陕西 D. Smith, together with his wife and daughters,is1考点考查动词时态和主谓一致。1解析主语中心词是 Dr. Smith, 表单数，谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是thissummer,表计划性的将来，故时态用一般将来时，选A。E09 江西 According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die

21、of skin cancera woman.A. thanB.suchC. soD. as答案FD1考点本题考查比较级的结构。解析3 as ? . as , 注意句中的more than只是修 twice 饰E09 辽宁 Peter s jacket looked just the sames, but it cost his.as Jack A. as much twice as B. twice as much as C.much as twice as D. as twice much as答案Fb考点考as-as 同级比较前的修饰语位置。查1解析twice 应该放在第一个as之前，选B

22、符合。E08 陕西 Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in the areainvited.A.wereC.has beenD.was答案FD1考点本题考查主谓一致。解析主语 是every boy andgirl,有明确的过去时间，所以应选择was。表示单数概念,故谓语动词用单，且询问昨晚的情，数况107that three hours of outdoor exercise a weekA.show; areC.show; isD.shows; are1考点本题考查主谓一致。1解析由 a survey 可知第一

23、个空用shows,首先排除A、C两项；第二个空前的时间threehours of outdoor exercise a week表示抽象概念，看作单数故其谓语动词用单数形式。soD.have beenI,以致于一天根本微不足道。本句用来the time,谓语动词应用单数形式。smaJI that a day is unimportantd 07 湖南 We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeksA. isB.areC.has been答案A考点本题考查主谓一致。1解析 句意为：？ ？几天和几周的时

24、间是如此的渺小B.nedstorwxiir陈述事实，用一般现在时态；空白处所在句子的主语是E07 陕西 As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the areaA.need repairingC.needs repairingD.need to repair1考点本题考查主谓一致和非谓语动词1解析分数、百分数修饰名词谓语动词的单复数取决于名词，此处two-thirds 修饰buildings,故谓语动词取决于名词复数buildings ,排除 B、 C 两项 ,need doing=need to be

25、done意为“需要被做”。E07 上海 A survey of the opinions of expertsthat three hours of outdoor exercise a weekgood for one s health.A. show; areB. shows; isC. show; isD. shows; are1考点本题考查主谓一致。1解析由 a survey 可知第一个空用shows,首先排除A、C两项；第二个空前的时间threehours of outdoor exercise a week表示抽象概念,看作单数，故其谓语动词用单数形式。107浙江whereProf

26、essor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when andyet.A. hasnarent been decided B. havent decided t decided C. isn t being decidedD.1考点本题考查主谓一致及动词的时态。解析根据句意，此处应用被动语态，不用主动语态，故排除B ;又因为when andwhere表示单数意义，故排除D;再根据句末的yet可知，最好用现在完成时，故选A最佳。 07 浙江It is reported that the floods have lef

27、t aboutxuple homeless.thousandsA.two thousandB.two-C.two thousandsD.two thousands ofCta of books1考点本题考查数词的用法。等指具体数字时，不用复数解析 hundred, thousand, million, billion, dozen, score 形式；指大约数字时，常用复数形式。如：onehundred, two thousand, three million,hundreds/thousands/millions/billions/dozens/scores ofE06 北京 She wen

28、t to the bookstore and boughtD.dozens of books考点本题考 查dozen的用法。解析dozen 意为 时要用单数形式。与of连用时要用复数形“一打，十二个”，与数词连用式。dozens of 意为 several连用时其后不加“若干，许许多多”s; dozendozen 与数词或 many,前有基数词表示确切数字 时,其后一般不o连用与fused06 浙江 The pany had about 20 notebook puters but only one-third regularly.Now we have 60 workingD.wereA.i

29、sB.areC.was答案FD1考点本题考查主谓一致及动词的时态。1解析当分数、百分数作主语时，要根据其后面的名词来决定其谓语动词的单复数。此处,因此谓语动词用复M ,one-third 应是 one-third of the notebook puters 时的省略形式且句子的态用了过去时，所以D项正确。E06 安徽 IMost of what has been said about the SmithsalA.areC.beingD.to be答案FB1考点此题考查主谓一致的用法。解析名词性从句作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。另外句 中be true of 意为 “对 ？ ？ 也适106A.i

30、s江苏toiwow atiemoon.A poet andingartisttospeaktousB. are aboutChineseliteratureand paintingCwasDwe r e1答案A1考点此题考查主谓一致的用法解析由时间状 语tomorrow afternoon”此处应用现在进行时表将 来,故排C、D除两项。 “ a poet and artist 指一”位诗 人兼画家,谓语动词用单，故选A项 数E06 辽宁 The father as well as his three childrenskating on the frozenriver every Sunday

31、 afternoon in winter.A. is goingB. goC.goesD.are going答案C1考点此题考查主谓一致的用法解析从语法讲解的角度来 看,主语The father 是单数 概念,尽管后面跟 有as wellas histhree children, 形式。性、习惯性动 作谓语动词仍要用单数因此应用一般现在时every Sunday afternoon in winter暗示该空表示经常从命题方式的角度，此题学生易弄混淆主语看为his容易误导学生对主语的判断three而出在主语后添his threechildren错,加children模拟试题探究1. （xx 浙

32、江慈溪中学月考 ）The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth asits soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.A . hasB. doC.isD . are【答案与解析】D为as后引导的句子主语“ its soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans故须用复数，又因as前的句子用的是动词is，可以推出应用般现在时。2. （xx 河南驻马店高中摸底考试）Either you or one of your studentsto attend th

33、emeeting that is due tomorrow.A . are B . isC. haveD. be【答案与解析】B either.or. 句型中动词单复数形式采取就近原则。3. （xx 湖南浏阳一中月考）一Several department stores,includingthe one we usually go to,sidewalk sales this week.Lets go and have a look.A . is havingB . are having是插入语，句子真正的主语 为several【答案与解析】 B including the one we us

34、ually go todepartment stores,故动词应用复数形式，且对话时态为一般现在时4. （xx 江西九江一中月考 ）Butter and breadtheir daily food, but the bread andthebutterup now.A . is; is eatenB. are; have been eatenC. are; are eatenD. is; have been eaten【答案与解析】“黄油面包”，故第D 句子前半句butter and bread 看做一个整体，1空is ；后半句由 用 于将意为bread与butter 前均加了定the，故应

35、看做两个个体，且由后up冠词文now的提示，应用一般完成时5 . （xx 辽宁抚顺一中月考）An average of 200 letters a weekreceived bythe newspapers offer. Suchthe case with us at present.A . are; isB .has been; has beenC. have been;isD . is; ar【答案与解析】A 第1句的主语 为an average of 200 letters，故谓语动词用复数形式；第2句中such指代的是每周平均收到200封信这个事实，故谓语动词应用单数形式。且文中时态并

36、没有过去时作为参照，故应用一般现在时。6. （xx 江苏扬州中学月考）Britainmany other industrialized countries,majorchanges over the last 100 years.A . together with; have experiencedB. as well as; have experiencedC. in mon with; has experiencedD. instead of; has experienced【答案与解析】C in monwith “和？ ？ 一样”，与其后的名词是插入语，真正的主语为Brita故其后的谓语

37、动词应用单数形式。together与 as well虽意义也符合，但inin,withas和mon一样，也只能作插入语，所以其后的谓语动词也应用单数形式，故排A、B两项，with除D项instead of与题意不符。7. （xx 吉林实验中学一模）We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife thatfortheir sonsbad behaviour at school.A . are to blame B. is to be blamedD. is to blameC. are to be blamed【答案与解析】 D that引导主语从句，指代上

38、文中的主语，而前半句Jack as well的实际为as his为插入语，故谓语动词用单数形式，blame用法为主动形式表被动含义。wife而8. (xx 吉林东北师大附中摸底)一Wed like a double room, please.rm sorry, but all but two single rooms with sea viewA . have been reservedB. has been reservedC. were reserved【答案与解析】A 答句的主语为D . has reserveda指rooms，故谓语动词应用复数形式，l代 且lreserve之间为动宾关

39、系，应用被动语态9. (xx江西师大附中月考 decision.)So far a series of problemsbrought about by thisA . haveB . hasC. have beenD. has been【答案与解析】D 由 problem 前加 a series of，故主语为单数，谓语动词应用单数于s了形式，由于 bring与the decision之间为动兵关系。10. (xx山西太原五中月考)The sheep farmer used their dog tothe cattle thateating the grass here and there.A . drive up; wasB. pick up; wereC. round u