虚拟语气-总结版.ppt

1、I.动词的语气简介： 语气表示说话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。在英语中，可用不同的动词形式表示说话的语气。,动词的三种语气： 1、陈述语气所表达的动作或状态是符合客观 现实的。 e.g. Flowers blossom in spring. He played the piano well.,2、祈使语气表示号召、命令、请求、劝告等。 e.g. Let us help you. Keep off the grass.,3、虚拟语气与事实相反，表达的是假设，愿望， 怀疑或推测等。,II.虚拟语气的运用,1）if真实条件句 2）if虚拟条件句 3）错综条件句 4）省略if的倒装句 5）含蓄条

2、件句（without，with, but for, otherwise等后）,一、在if条件从句中的运用,二、其他形式的虚拟语气,1）表建议的advise，suggest等词的从句+ （should）+动词原形 2）wish，would rather，as if等后的虚拟语气的形式,同学们首先要牢记它的三种形式, 它将为学习此类句子奠定基础,一、if条件句中的虚拟语气,If it _ (rain) tomorrow, our trip _ (put off) .,2）if虚拟条件句,构成从句：一般现在时 主句：将来时,rains,will be put off,动词过去式 (bewere),条

3、件从句谓语,主句谓语,would/should/could/might+动词原形,had+过去分词,would/should/could/might +have 过去分词,动词过去式 were+不定式 should +动词原形,would/should/could/might +动词原形,1）if真实条件句,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实相反,练习：,1. If I _ (know) her address, I would write to her. 2. What would you have done if you _(miss) the train? 3. If he _

4、(not be ill ), he would have done something. 4. If it _(snow) tomorrow, we _(get up) early.,5. If you had asked him yesterday, you _ (know) what to do now.,knew,had missed,had not been ill,were to /should snow/ snowed,should get up,would know,3)错综条件句(混合虚拟语气）,If he _ his legs yesterday, he _ with us

5、now. A. hadnt hurt ; would go B. hadnt hurt; would have gone C. didnt hurt; would go D. didnt hurt; would have gone,A,错综条件句是指条件从句中的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主从句的时态要根据实际的时间概念来确定 e.g. If she hadnt studied hard, she wouldnt speak so well.,4)省略if的倒装句,e.g. If they were here, they would help us.,如果从句中有were，shou

6、ld，had等词， 可省略if，并把were，should，had放句首进行倒装。,If you had come earlier, nothing would have happened.,Were they here, they would help us.,Had you come earlier, nothing would have happened.,If she should be my daughter, I wouldnt allow her to study abroad.,Should she be my ,Many of the colonists would not

7、have survived their first winter in this strange new land had it not been for the local Indians who taught them how to grow , hunt and fish.,5)含蓄条件句,有时，假设情况不以if条件句表现出来，而是隐含在 某些介词、副词、 连词或短语中。如 with，without，but for，but that, but，or, otherwise等。,e.g. I lost her phone number, otherwise, I would have run

8、g her up.,But for your help, I would not have the chance to go to School.,I was away that day, otherwise I _ the lecture. had attended would have attended would attend attended,B,If you had not helped me,If I had not lost her phone number,做含蓄虚拟题目时，要分清语境给你的信息是表格中的哪一块？让你填的又是哪一块的信息？ 牢记：if条件句的虚拟是对（现在过去将

9、来）的事实情况进行相反的假设 对策：不妨把事实改成与此相反的假设，根据时态，改成相应的if条件句，再根据表格来判断,分享我的体会,含蓄虚拟典型陷阱题分析 1. I forget where I read the article, or I _ it to you now. A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing 2. I would buy that car but I _enough money A. do not have B. did not have C. will not have D. had not

10、 had,3.He _busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment. A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped 4. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meet A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part

11、in,did /were,had done,would/could /might do,五个句型一,Wish+宾语从句,If only “但愿” “要是就好了”,注意：if only 和 only if 的区别： only if表示“只有”，不用虚拟语气； if only则表示“要是就好了。,If only I could see him again!,如果我知道他的名字该多好！ 2. 要是我们当初听了你的建议就好了！ 3. 但愿我能再见到他一次！,If only I knew his name!,If only we had followed your advice!,五个句型二,as if

12、 /though + 从句,现在： 过去：,did/ were had done,She loves the baby as if it _her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it _(happen) yesterday.,They talked as if they _ (be) friends for years.,注意: 如果表示的事情可能会发生, 方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。,were,happened,had been,五个句型三,would rather (that) -,现在： 过去： 将来：,I would ra

13、ther you _(pay) me now.,I would rather you _(go) to the party yesterday.,Dont come. I would rather you tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,paid,had gone,came,五个句型四,五个句型五,Its (about/high) time +that -,过去时（偶尔会用should+动原）,你该走了。,我们该出去玩了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you should go.,Its time that w

14、e went out to play.,表示坚持，要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。,宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即 1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose，(recommend) 4. demand , require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样（should）+v.。 i

15、nsistence, order, command suggestion, advice, proposal,recommendation demand,request,requirement, desire, decision,Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down. He ins

16、isted that he _ really very tired and that he _ to have a rest. A. was, be allowed B. was, must be allowed C. should be, must be allowed D. should be, should be allowed,Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形,It is important that we should master a foreign

17、language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that we should study hard.,情态动词的虚拟语气 （对过去事情的一种推测或委婉的责备与批评）,should have done could have done would have done might have done needt have done,你本不应该把小孩一个人留在家里的。,You shouldnt have left the child alone at home.,某些表祝愿的固定句型： Heaven

18、 help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!,解题关键：,1、牢记规则(表格） 2、理解句意，寻找标志词 - 条件句 （if,without,or,otherwise 关键：确定动作发生的时间 - 特定词语(insist,demand,wish,if only,would rather,) 3、对号入座 4、情态动词的选择(高考热点),1. He suggested that the meeting put off. A. not be B. should not C. w

19、ouldnt D. be not2. It is strange that he so. A. thinks B. think C. thought D. will think3.I wish I my uncle yesterday. A. met B. have met C. would meet D. had met4 .The old professor gave orders that the experiment before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finishedD. shall be finished,5 .Its hi

20、gh time he home. A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go6. you succeed and you be healthy. A. Maymay B. Wishwish C. Hopehope D. Shouldmay7 .Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun. A. should move B. move C. moves D. A or B,8. If only I to my parents advice! A. listeningB. listen C. am listeningD. had listened9. -Why didnt you come to the party yesterday? -I , but an unexpected visitor came to see me. A. did B. woul