考研英语模拟试题及答案

1、姓名：_ 班级：_ 学号：_-密-封 -线- 考研英语模拟试题及答案考试时间：120分钟 考试总分：100分题号一二三四五总分分数遵守考场纪律，维护知识尊严，杜绝违纪行为，确保考试结果公正。sectionuse of englishdirections：read the following text.choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark a，b，c or d on answer sheet 1.（10 points）in the past few decades，remarkable findings have been

2、 made in ethology，the study of animal social behavior. earlier scientists had 1 that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. much more careful observation has shown that 2 variation occurs among the social ties of most species，showing that learning is a part of soci

3、al life. that is，the 3 are not solely fixed by the genes.4，the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. imprinting is clearly 5 instinctive，but it is not quite like the learning of humans；it is something in between the two. an illustration best 6 the natu

4、re of imprinting. once，biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. now we know that，shortly 7 they hatch，ducklings fix 8 any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. so ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are 9 for the

5、mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. thus，social ties can be considerably 10，even ones that have a considerable base 11 by genetics.even among the social insects something like imprinting 12 influence social behavior. for example，biologists once thought bees communicated with others purel

6、y 13 instinct. but，in examining a“dance”that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source，observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. at a higher level，the genetic base seems to be much more for an allpurpose learning rather than the more spe

7、cific responses of imprinting. chimpanzees，for instance，generally 14 very good mother but jane goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or 15 fail to nurture the young. she believes that these females were the youngest or the 16 child of a mother. in such circumstances，they did

8、not have the opportunity to observe how their own mother 17 for her young. certainly adolescent chimps who are still with their mothers when other young are born take much interest in the rearing of their young brother or sister. they have an excellent opportunity to learn，and the social ties that a

9、re created between mother and young 18 goodall to describe the social unit as a family. the motheroffspring tie is beyond 19；there is some evidence to 的经济增长将为1.9%，远远低于政府的2.4%的目标，而预算赤字可能为1.5%，几乎比意大利政府向欧共体伙伴所作保证的0.8%高出一倍”。d项“预算赤字可能与这个国家的承诺大不相同”是最符合题意的。text 2词语注释marijuana n.大麻terrorist attack恐怖袭击random

10、 adj.随机的prior to在之前imbibe v.喝；吸取traumatic adj.创伤的depression n.抑郁，忧郁displace v.替换，转移panic attack惊慌失措demographic adj.人口统计学的marital status婚姻状况文章概要本文主要介绍了9.11事件后，曼哈顿居民吸烟、喝酒以及吸食大麻的比例有所上升，从而表现出9.11事件增加了人们的焦虑感和不安全感。答案点评26. a文章第一段介绍说，911事件后，吸烟、喝酒以及吸食大麻的比例有所上升。其中，the largest increase was in alcohol use.（其中增加

11、最快的是喝酒现象）。27. c文章第二段的开头说，the investigators found survey participants by randomly dialing new york city phone numbers and screened potential respondents for manhattan residents living in areas close to the world trade center.研究人员先是随机地抽取纽约的电话号码，然后只挑选了那些曼哈顿岛上，住所离世界贸易中心比较近的居民。28. d文中调查的目的在于揭示911事件对人们生活习

12、惯的细节影响，从而揭示出人们焦虑感的增加和不安全感的增加。29. bb的说法和文章第三段的内容一致persons who were living closer to the world trade center were more likely to increase their cigarette smoking（住在世贸大厦附近的人更可能会增加吸烟的数量）。30. b文章最后一段说，increase in substance abuse did not differ significantly between men and women or among racial or ethnic

13、groups.（性别和种族的差别，在是否增加喝酒、吸烟和吸毒的数量上，不起作用；也就是说，是否多喝酒多抽烟，和性别种族无关。）text 3词语注释entrepreneur n.企业家yield n.产量，收益mcdonalds麦当劳（一种快餐）hamburg汉堡包allocation n.分配，分派，配给venture n.商业冒险，投机maverick n.自行其是的人，持异见者agressively adv.有进取心地，敢作敢为地saturate v.使饱和；浸透，渗透competency等同于competence n.能力，胜任introverted a.内向的analytical a.

14、分析的，解析的extroverted a.外向的文章概要本文是一篇关于entrepreneur的科普性文章。para.1：列举了关于“企业家”的几种定义并做出结论。para.2：以ray kroc为例进一步说明什么是“企业家”。para.3：专业人士与企业家的比较。para.4：介绍企业家的主要特征。答案点评31c要想成为一个“entrepreneur”，必须具备三个条件：他必须能有利于资源的有效配置并使自己有所得；他必须是一位创业者；他必须冒风险。答案a中的ceo，只是首席执行官，并不一定是一位创业者；b中的老板也不一定是创业者；d中的销售商也不一定是创业者。对于答案c，有人可能会提出这样的

15、疑问，就是此人没有营利，但事实上他并不是没有营利，只是在长期的经营过程中出现了财务问题。他的创业是成功的。32c理由同第一题所提到的三个条件。33b文中第四段提到“entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors，”“some qualities many of them share. viewing change as the norm”，所以一个“entrepreneur”，并不一定要是“extroverted”，也不能认为“change is not norm”，而是要抓住机遇。所以，a、c错，b对。至于d，文中并没有说j.b.say是给ent

16、repreneur定义的第一人，因此d也错误。34b此题迷惑性很强，可以说a、b、c、d都不错。但本文从文体来看，是一篇介绍什么是entrepreneur的科普性文章。开始说j.b.say的定义只是文章的一个引子，并不是的写作意图；谈到ray kroc只是举了一个成功的例子；而怎样才能成为一个创业者，更是需要有心的读者自己去学习了。最能表达写作意图的还是b.35a文章最后说：“making the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative，experienced，and confident.”但并没有例子证

17、明，怎样使用其创造力、经验和信心，所以a最合适，而b、c、d都没有什么明显的标志表明会被讲到。text4词语注释weld锻焊，焊接（金属物）infiltrate渗透，透入capsule蒴果；胶囊sculpture雕塑，雕刻banish放逐，排除smash（使）粉碎，破碎superimpose将某物置于另一物上（尤指后者仍可见，可闻）overlap重叠，重合，重复canvas帆布，画布obsessive萦绕于心的，有执着想法的monotony单调，乏味，无聊文章概要本文主要介绍现代科技中新材料的出现和使用原材料的新方法的运用对艺术创造的影响。para.1：举例说明现代科技中新材料和新方法的出现为

18、艺术带来广阔的发展机会。para.2：以超现实主义为例，说明科学对艺术的影响。para.3：科学与艺术的影响是相互的。答案点评36.c本文是讲现代科技中新材料的出现和使用原有材料的新方法的运用对艺术创造的影响。a项reproductions of modern technology（现代技术的复制品）过于广泛，不合原文；b项文中没有提及；d项the material world（物质世界）过于广泛，不合原文；c项最符合文意，故选c.本题各选项中分别使用了文中出现过的modern、technology、scientifically、material等词，具有很强的迷惑性。37.a根据题意，该题是

19、关于welding techniques（焊接技术）的，可以在第一段后半部分找到相关内容。b项和c项指的是新材料的作用而不是焊接技术的作用；d项artists与文意不合；a项说明焊接技术对雕刻艺术的影响，与题意相符，故选a.38.d该题是关于freuds studies的，因此可以从第二段找到相关内容。a项than any other有误，太绝对了；b项other scientific inventions应改为recent art；c项意为“导致了超现实主义”，不合题意；d项符合文意，应选d.39.b本题是关于surrealists的，可以在第二段找到相关内容。a项diminish（减少）与

20、原文中的banish（排除、有意忘却）意思不符，不可选；c项意思是“可以将现实存在转换成不连贯的梦境”，与原文中的第二段第三句不一致；d项意思是“他们想用直接的表达方式取代片断性的想象”，与文意完全相反；b项意思是“他们试图表达他们的潜意识世界”，subconscious（潜意识）与文中的unconscious（无意识）相近，符合题意，故选b.40.d此题考查的是对句意的理解。这句话的意思是“但这几乎从来就不是单行道”。联系上下文，这句话是说明科学与艺术之间的影响不是单方面的，而是相互的。a项和b项的说法都是单方面的，不全面；c项意思是艺术家可以成为科学家，科学家也可以成为艺术家，理解有偏差；

21、d项的mutual一词意思是“相互的”，正确表达了句意，故选d.part b答案解析41.c由上文可知，艾斯圭尔镇爆出一个令人震动的消息，即该地蕴含金矿。那么此处根据行为逻辑，应讲述该地居民反对这片净土成为淘金城。42.g上文说艾斯圭尔获得了环保团体的关注，而g项正是对此的顺承，即这个小镇成了关于自然资源的开发与保存的争论焦点。43.a上文讲了艾斯圭尔的丰富资源，下文又提及meridian的计划，从备选项来看a项的meridian，gets its openpit gold mine outside esquel都与上下文呼应，有较强的提示作用。44.d上文讲的是人们要求保护生态环境的态度，而

22、下文讲的是落叶柏的渊源可知此处的内容也应与环境保护有关。d项的内容正是知名人士保护环境的措施。45.f上文讲的是阿根廷被迫修订了矿业法令以促进外商投资，f项正是顺承其意，指出矿业公司因此而得到的优惠政策。文章大意：阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚一小镇艾斯圭尔因发现金矿而成为焦点，人们面临着生态环境保护与自然资源开发之间的决择。环保人士和民众强烈要求保护珍贵的生态环境，然而面临采矿业的危机和外国压力，阿根廷政府处境尴尬。part c参考译文46.在某种程度上，现在的多次婚姻潮是70年代离婚高潮的副作用，因为大量的离婚导致单身人数的激增。47.离过一次婚并不能够阻碍罗纳德里根或鲍勃都谋求最令人注目的工作美国总统

23、之职但是现在社会仍然会对一次以上的婚姻失误表示反感。48.一生中有三次或更多的婚姻，“从个人角度看仍让人难堪，但是越来越为大众所接受了。”49.一些专家认为多次婚姻这一趋势说明美国人的责任感滑落了。50.相反，第二次和第三次的婚姻与第一次婚姻一样冒险，甚至会有更多风险，今天大约有四成这样的婚姻失败，而且它们往往结束得更快。sectionwriting参考作文part a51.dear mary：ive been back this morning. what a tiring but exciting trip.jiuzhaigou is an excellent place and real

24、ly worth going. the tour guide led us visited several travelling sites，which made us feet like in heaven. the most wonderful site is the huohuahai lake. the water there was so clear that we could see different colors of stones at the bottom，as if the water didnt exist except for the pure blue. we al

25、so visited the waterfall which was found scene by the famous tv play“xiyouji”。how are you at present？is anything coming along successfully？dont be so occupied with your work，try a little bit to relax yourself. im planning to a tour in zhangjiajie next year. it is said to be another wonderful place t

26、o visit.i hope you could go together with me to share the happiness. please write back to let me know your idea.yours truly，janeseptember 24th，2004part b52be kind to our mother earththis depiction is to some extent a heartrending dramatization of our present life. skyscrapers stand in clusters，and t

27、rees lining on both sides of the street are all made of artificial materials. mankinds dwelling place on earth no longer looks green，but is in the colour of gray.are we still living in a natural world？definitely not！with the steps of modernization and mechanization，the serene poetic life of former times has vanished. vast green pastures are replaced by factories belching out columns of thick smoke；rivers once teemed with all kinds of fishes are now polluted