固定搭配和习惯表达讲解

1、 固定搭配-“介词短语”的习惯表达 介词短语=介词 + 名词 (45个介词) 基本介词 单名词 合成介词 多名词 双介词 名词性从句 一、45个常见介词的基本用法 1、about 基本含义：a-b-out “A在B外面” 引申含义：“A和B的联系” 1、在周围：The kids are sitting（ about their teacher.） I like the necklace （about her neck）. 2、环绕：The bird always flies （about the forest）. I plan to travel （about the world.） 3、关于

2、：a book （about English study） They are talking （about the new film.） 4、adv 大约 固定搭配： 1、How about.? 2、something+adj(+about X) 一些关于X的adj的事 2、above 基本含义：a-b-over “A在B上方” 引申含义： 1、在上方:The sun rose （above the horizon.） 2、数目大于/重量超过/价格（能力、地位）高于 There is nothing（ in the store ）（above 50 cents.） “He who comes

3、（after me） is（ above me ）,because he was （before me”） 固定搭配： 1、above all: 首先（强调重要性） Above all, he was an outstanding mathematician. 2、above all things: 最最 What you need,( above all things,) is confidence. 3、be（ above oneself）: 兴高采烈=high spirit When he heard the good news, he was （above himself.） 3、ac

4、ross 基本含义：a-grass “A走过一片草坪” 引申含义：1、穿过：She walked （across the road.）2、在.对面: The bar is just （across the street.）3、交叉：He sat with his arms （across his chest.） The two lines pass （across each other）（ at right angles.）固定搭配：1、A come across B. A偶遇B。 2、A get sth across to B. A使某物被B了解。 I want to get my theo

5、ry across to all students. 4、after 基本含义：“A在B之后” （强调顺序） 引申含义：1、在之后 （时间顺序、空间顺序） （After dinner）, they went out for a walk. I should be （after him,） but he still went on.2、照着的样子 Read the sentence（ after me,） please. The building is named （after the famous hero.） I will make a box （after that one.）固定搭配：1

6、、be after寻找/go after 追逐/run after 追求 You should run （after your own dream.）2、after all不管怎样 （即：在任何事情之后都一样） （ After all,） he is your father.3、look after照顾5、against基本含义：a-g-a“相对”引申含义：1、碰着、靠着：She was leaning( against a tree.)2、反对：We should fight( against crimes.)3、预防：Save money （against a rainy day）.未雨绸

7、缪固定搭配：1、go against 违反（故意违反某人的意志） He chose to go （against his family.）2、be against（1）违反（违反法律、制度） It is （against the law ）（to hunt tigers.）(2)反对 Lincoln was strongly（ against slavery.）（3）不利于 What he said is （against him.）6、around基本含义：a-round”A在一个圆里面”（在一定范围内）引申含义：1、在周围:There are many bars （around the t

8、owm.）2、在附近、到处：I showed him （around our campus.）3、【adv】大约： There are around 1000 people( watching the game.)7、at基本含义:“朝向一点”引申含义:1、小地点,或小时间点 Usually, he is （at his office ）(in the morning.) I arrived （at home）（ at 7:00.） Knock at;look at;aim at;shoot at;arrive at2、表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因 He showed no sign of p

9、leasure （at seeing her）. Be surprised/excited at;8、before基本含义：“在之前“（时间、空间、顺序）引申含义：1、时间上：Please come back （before 10:00pm.）2、空间上：Dont put the cart （before the horse.）3、顺序上：Health should come （before wealth.）固定搭配：1、before long:过不了多久2、before time:提前9、behind基本含义：be + hide “在之后“引申含义：1、空间上，在后面: A dog is r

10、unning （behind us.）2、在后台操纵：There must be someone （behind it.）3、时间上，在之后；能力上，在之后; New York is 12 hours（ behind Beijing）（ in time.） He was （behind others）（ in ability.）10、beside基本含义：be+side “在边上”引申含义：1、在.旁边=next to; by the side of a town（ beside the sea） She sat （beside the teacher.）2、与.相比=compared wit

11、h My work is so poor （beside yours.）固定搭配：（beside oneself ）高兴（悲伤）的不得了、忘形11、be sides基本含义：“除外，还有” There were 2 other students in the classroom （besides Tom.）12、between基本含义：be-two-in“在两者之间”引申含义：1、空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间： （ Between two strange buildings ）stands a tree. His age is （between sixty and seventy.）2

12、、表示两者之间的某种关系 He has to decide （between life and death.） This is a secret（ between life and death. you should learn （between lines（字里行间）.）13、beyond基本意思：be+yond（在彼处）=在之外引申含义：1、“在远处、在的那一边” What lies （beyond the mountain .）2、“超出的限度”（能力认识） The fruit was（ beyond my reach.）3、“除了” I cant tell you anything （

13、beyond what you already know.）固定搭配：1、beyond words无法形容2、beyond understanding难以理解3、beyond cure无可救药4、beyond endurance无法忍受14、by基本意思：by后面的名词很重要引申含义：1、在旁边 We prefer a table （by the window.）2、到时候 We have studied several prepositions by now. I shall（will） have finished the work （by the time you return.）3、通过

14、;根据; He can tell the direction（ by the stars.） Dont judge a person （by his looks.）4、按计算 Eggs are usually sold （by dozen.） The temperature has risen （by 5 degrees.）5、被； He was shocked （by what he had seen.）固定搭配：1、by accident/chance偶然2、by（ all means）想尽一切办法、一定要3、by （no means）绝不、一点儿也不4、by turns轮流5、by mi

15、stake出于误会15、despite基本意思：尽管、不顾=in spite of The old professor kept （on working）（ despite his poor health.）16、down基本意思：向下引申含义：1、表示自上而下 In order to catch the bus they run （down the hill.） Tears run（ down her face quietly.）2、沿着河、沿着路 He walked（ down the road.） We sailed （down the river.）固定搭配Sth break down

16、坏了Let sb down 令某人失望 17、during 基本意思：在期间 引申含义： 1、在整个期间 Not a word did they say（ during the meal.） I havent had any meat （during the last several years.） 2、在期间的某个时刻 I saw Linda （during the meeting.） 18、except 基本意思：ex-cept拿出来 Everyone was here （except Tom.） 【注意】 besides表示“加”，except表示“减” 19、for 基本意思：“为”引

17、申含义：1、为了 I bought a gift （for you.） He played football（ for England.） He paid 50 cents （for that book.）2、因为 Bejing is famous （for its long history.） I thank you（ for what you have done）（ for me.）3、作为 I had some chocolate （for breakfast.）4、表示时间、距离的长短 I havent seen you（ for years.） （ For miles and mil

18、es ）you see nothing but trees.固定搭配：long for; thirst for 渴望for the moment; for the present 现在、此刻for the sake of 为了 I bear all this for the sake of my work. for my part 对我而言 for fear of 唯恐./以防. for pleasure; for fun 为了消遣 for sale 出售20、in基本意思：在.范围之中引申含义：1、在.范围之中（时间、地点） We sat down (in the shade of the trees.) Rome was not built (in a day.)2、在.情绪之中 I am (in doubt )(about it.) They are (in great enthusiasm )(about the project.)3、在.状态之中 You have put yourself( in danger.) Their economy