British_EmpirePPT课件

1、British Empire,Early Explorations Overseas,In 1583, English explorers discovered and took possession of the Island of Newfoundland ( now belongs to Canada ), helped the country to gain the first territory overseas.,Sea Battle between England and Espaa,Five years later, Englands victory of the Englis

2、h-Spanish War recognized England as a powerful maritime nation.,VS,In the 17th century, England actively extended its influence overseas. In 1607, the “May Flower” carried the first group of English immigrants to the Continent of North America. In later a century, the immigrants established 13 tract

3、s of colonies along the west coast of Atlantic.,May Flower,English-Dutch War,In the 17th century, Holland was the strongest maritime power in the world. It monopolized the trade between the West and the East through its “Commercial Armada”. To open up overseas markets and to struggle for the suprema

4、cy at sea, England three times fought against Holland.,Wars greatly weakened Holland. By the end of the 17th century, Hollands leading position was gradually replaced by England.,English-French War,1707,The Combination in 1707 between England and Scotland yields the country of the UK. After combined

5、, power of the country got further boosted. In addition to the supremacy at sea, the UK (Britain) also sought for the leadership around Europe.,After the decline of Holland, France became the only nation which was able to challenge the UK. Competitions between the two led to the war between them. Th

6、e first war lasted for 7 years from 1756 to 1763, helped Britain to get complete control of Canada and most control of India. In 1776, when the 13 colonies declared independence, France first declared support and supplied assistance, led to the second war. After Napoleon came into power by the end o

7、f 18th century, Britain organised Alliance with Russia, Prussia, Austria, etc. to fight France, up to the Waterloo.,The East India,東印度公司,Coming into the 19th century, Britain has become the most powerful nation in the world due to the Industrial Revolution.,George Stephenson,（17811848）,1851年万博会会場,In

8、 Europe, Britain annexed Ireland in 1800 and defeated Napoleon in 1815.,In Asia, Britain reached out its hands of aggression to Myanmar, Malaya, Afghanistan and other small countries while India was served as a gangplank.,In the Continent of America, though Britain recognized USA as an independent n

9、ation, Canada and other places were still under Britains rule. Britain still had great influence in affairs of the continent. At that,time, Britain was the biggest commercial investor and strongest power in this area.,In the year of 1837, wasnt long before the Opium War against China, the Queen Vict

10、oria ascended the throne. Three years later, Britain launched war against China, by this war, Britain established its supremacy around the world.,In subsequent few decades, in order to gain more privileges of business and politics in China, Britain waged and participated more wars against this count

11、ry.,The Second Opium War,1856-1860,UK,Deutschland,France,Italia,USA,sterreich,1900,In Africa, Britain actively cooperated with other European countries in territorial division, and became the second biggest beneficiary following France. By the beginning of the 20th century, Britain has already annex

12、ed Egypt, Sudan, Uganda, Zambia, Ghana, etc. Plus its other colonies in the rest of the world, Britain was the largest colonial empire in the world, which boasted as “ The Empire Which the Sun Never Set ”.,Since 1870s, the world has greatly changed. In Europe, Germany and Italia achieved national un

13、ity, and became new imperialist powers. In Asia, Japan became a new power after the Meiji Reform.,Owing to the uneven growth of capitalism, USA and Germany overtook Britain and France in the late 19th century and became new great powers and they, together with Japan, Russia, Italia and other imperia

14、list powers, competed with old powers for world domination.,When these imperialist powers tried to re-divide the world, a war was inevitable.,Triple Entente,Triple Alliance,VS,1902,1904,1907,1892,1879,1882,1882,Sarajevo銃殺事件,On June 28th, 1914, Francis Ferdinand, the Austrian Archduke and his wife we

15、re shot in Sarajevo by a young Yugoslav. A month later, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, the First World War broke out,After 4 years of fighting and killing, the war came to the end in 1918. The war greatly reshaped the political structure of the world. Russian Empire, Deutsch Empire, Austria

16、-Hungary, Ottoman Empire have been killed by the war, while a new communist power and several new national countries have been given birth. Britain and France, the biggest colonial powers pre-war, have been seriously weakened though,victorious. By this time, as,new great powers, the USA and Japan fo

17、rmally debuted into the world. For this situation, Britain had to change its foreign policy.,In the years between the 2 times of world war, Britains foreign policy was featured by its hostility towards Soviet and its appeasement and non-intervention towards Fascist countries actions of invasion.,李顿调

18、查团,同胞们怒吼了,Britains foreign policy stimulated Fascists,ambition of aggression to,bulge. In 1931, Japan waged attack on China and occupied Manchuria (the Northeast of China). In 1935,Italia launched war against Ethiopia. In 1937, Japan launched full-scale war against China. In 1938 and 1939, Germany a

19、nnexed Austria, Czechoslovakia, and then attacked Poland.,From 1939 to 1940, Nazi Germany successively defeated and occupied Poland, Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, left Britain in a very dangerous position.,German planes bombed British cities like London, Coventry, etc. Sea areas

20、 around the British Isles were blockaded by German submarines.,Not only in Europe, but also in the Far East, Britains colonies were under threat of Japan. After the First World War, the alliance relationship between Britain and Japan has been terminated, Japan became a powerful rival in stead of a f

21、riend to Britain. In 1930s, tension between the 2 nations got severe.,June 22nd, 1941,Action of Barbarosa,1941年12月7日,Lets Get Together!,July, 1943,May, 1945,August, 1945,The Collapse of the Empire,1921,1931,1931,1931,1947,1947,1948,1948,The rest of the Empire, mostly in Middle East and Africa, also

22、successively claimed independence in 1950s and 1960s.,The Yangtse Incident (1949),Korean War (1950-1953),Crisis of Suez (1956),Nuclear Blackmail to China (1960s),英阿战争(1982),Britain still wanted to maintain its global influence though it no longer be the First Power of the world. Britain actively str

23、engthen its relationship with the USA, on the other hand, it sought for entry of the EEC(EU today).,We are brothers!,Britain is one of the founding nations of the NATO. In order to maintain its,influence and its benefits overseas, Britain actively invested its military,construction. Now Britain is s

24、till one of the strongest power in the world. In addition to the relationships with the USA and the EU, Britain also tried to improve and strengthen the relationships with other countries, like Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, etc.,The Return of HK,During the First Opium War, British army s

25、eized the HK Island. Later in few decades, Britain annexed more territories around. In order to recover the original sovereignty, Chinese government and its people never stop striving.,Coming into 1980s, with the increasing power and influence of China, Britain finally agreed to negotiate with China

26、 on the Issue of HK. In 1984, the 2 nations signed an agreement, HK would be returned to China in the year of 1997. With the return of HK , “ British Empire ” has became a historical word.,Thank You!,！,Danke Schn!,谢谢观看！,Merci!,The East India,東印度公司,In Europe, Britain annexed Ireland in 1800 and defea

27、ted Napoleon in 1815.,In Asia, Britain reached out its hands of aggression to Myanmar, Malaya, Afghanistan and other small countries while India was served as a gangplank.,In the Continent of America, though Britain recognized USA as an independent nation, Canada and other places were still under Br

28、itains rule. Britain still had great influence in affairs of the continent. At that,time, Britain was the biggest commercial investor and strongest power in this area.,In the years between the 2 times of world war, Britains foreign policy was featured by its hostility towards Soviet and its appeasement and non-intervention towards Fascist countries actions of invasion.,李顿调查团,同胞们怒吼了,Britains foreign policy stimulated Fascists,ambition of aggression to,bulge. In 1931, Japan waged attack on China and occupied Manchu