主谓一致76243

1、主谓一致,Agreement of Subject and Verb,语法一致,就近原则,意义一致,就远原则,“主语 + 附属结构” 作主语，谓语与主语一致,即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。,即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。,即谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。,谓语动词要用单数的情况：,1.动名词、不定式、从句做主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 e.g. Growing flowers needs constant watering. e.g. To

2、be praised (be) a happy thing. e.g. When and where to hold the meeting _ (have) not been decided. e.g. Reading without comprehension _ (be)no good.,is,has,is,2. news, politics, physics, mathematics, plastics 等形式为复数而意义为单数的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. No news (be) good news. e.g. Physics (be) a fundamental su

3、bject in science. 以国名、地名、书名、组织机构、军队、宗教等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. The Arabian Nights (be) a very interesting story-book. e.g. Buddhism_ (have) always discouraged materialism.,is,is,is,has,3.表示时间、距离、钱额、重量、空间、体积等意义 的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数。,e.g. Eight hours of sleep is enough. e.g. A hundred miles (be) a long di

4、stance. e.g. Ten pounds (be) missing from my pocket. e.g. Twenty years (have) passed since he left his hometown.,is,was,has,注：如果主语表示具体的、个别的单位，谓语动词用复数 Their last four years have been full of surprises.,4. each/every/many a + 单数名词 + and + each/every/many a + 单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。,e.g. Each book and each pe

5、n (be) found in its place. e.g. Every boy and every girl (have) the right to receive education. e.g. Many a boy and many a girl （have） seen these painting. e.g. Every hour and minute (be) important.,第二个each, every, many a 可以省略。,is,has,has,is,Something _ (has / have) gone wrong with my watch. Anybody

6、 who _ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished.,5.不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式,has,breaks,6.Clothing，furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词(不可数)作主语，谓语用单数 Clothing is badly

7、 needed in this flooded area.,7. Worth of + 名词的结构中，谓语用单数 The worth of this painting is estimated at a half million dollars. The worth of men like Galileo is not always understood while they are alive. 像伽利略这样的人在世时并不总是被人理解的。,谓语动词单、复数 要视情况而定的情形：,1.由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数，但由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念或一个人

8、的双重身份时谓语动词为单数。 e.g. The worker and the writer are from Beijing. (那位工人和那位作家) e.g. The worker and writer is from Beijing. (那个工人兼作家) e.g. The singer and dancer (be) famous all over the world. 常见的表同一概念的有： the needle and thread 针线 the folk and knife 刀叉,is,2. 当主语是class, family, army, team, club, crowd, ma

9、jority, audience, government, public, group, band 等集合名词 时，如果该集合名词表示一个组织或单位的概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果该集合名词表示组织或单位里一些个体的概念，谓语动词用复数形式。 e.g. His family (be) in Harbin. e.g. His family (be) music lovers. e.g. The committee （be） made up of 10 members. e.g. The committee （be) in the hall.,is,are,was,were,3. glasses,

10、 shoes, scissors，trousers, chopsticks, 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但前面有a pair of, this/that pair of, a suit of等时，谓语动词用单数形式。 e.g. This pair of trousers (be) very dirty. e.g. Her trousers (be) being washed now. 当主语是congratulations, earnings, remains, goods, belongings, clothes等一类词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 e.g. The goods （belo

11、ng） to Mr. Wang.,is,are,belong,4. Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese等词指语言时，用单数；指人民时，用复数 Chinese _ (be) a difficult language. The Chinese _ (be) kind and friendly.,5. 有些以-ics结尾的名词，如athletics, politics, statistics等用来表示学科领域时，谓语动词用单数；用来表示具体“行为”、“观点”、“数字”时，谓语动词用复数 Politics is one of the subjects that we study

12、. What are your politics?,is,are,6. population 做主语指人口,谓语用单数； 但指人的行为、居民等，谓语常用复数； 分数/百分数+ of the population做主语，谓语用复数。,e.g. The population of the village （be）538. e.g. One third of the population here (be) workers.,is,are,7.this kind (sort) of + 名词，谓语一般用单数 these kinds of + 名词，谓语一般用复数 This kind of apple

13、 is sour. These kinds of apples are sour.,类似的情况还有： An average of / the average of A total of / the total of A total of 3000 letters were received last month. The total of letters received last month was 3000.,8.a number of +可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数， 意思是“许多”。 the number of + 可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数， 意思是“的数量”。 A number

14、of accidents always occur on such days. The number of cars is increasing now.,a quantity of +可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数。 a quantity of +不可数名词,谓语用单数。 quantities of +可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。 quantities of +不可数名词，谓语动词用复数。,e.g. Quantities of tea (be) sold last month. e.g. A large quantity of beer (be) sold out.,9. a quantit

15、y of quantities of,were,was,10.More than one + 单数名词，谓语用单数，但more + 复数名词 + than one,则多用复数 More than one question was asked. More members than one have protested against the proposal.,11. a + 单数名词 + or two, 谓语动词用单数 one or two + 复数名词，谓语用复数 A day or two is enough. One or two reasons were suggested.,half

16、most enoughpartthe rest the last lots some plenty 分数百分数,+of +名词作主语,谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词保持一致。,12.,Most of his time _ (be) spent travelling. Most of his students _ (come) from south China. Plenty of space _ (be) needed. Plenty of chairs _ (be) needed. He stayed at home and the rest of the boys _ (be) out a

17、t play. The rest of the story _ (need) no telling.,is,come,is,were,are,needs,are,is,was,are,13.当用 or / eitheror / neithernor / not onlybut also / notbut 等连接句子主语时，谓语动词和与其最邻近的主语的单、复数形式保持一致（就近一致原则）。 e.g. Not only he but also I (be) invited. e.g. I or his brothers (be) to blame. e.g. Neither I nor he (b

18、e) to attend the meeting. e.g. Not only the students but also their teacher (be) enjoying the film.,am,were,is,is,14.当 there be/ here be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语动词单、复数应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 e.g. There （be） a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. e.g. There （are） twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-student

19、s in the class. e.g. Here （is） a letter and a book for you. e.g. There (are) three chairs, two tables and a bike in the house.,is,are,is,are,15.主语后跟 with / along with / together with / like / unlike / besides / but / except / including / as well as / rather than / more than / no less than +名词”结构时，谓语

20、动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。 (就远原则) e.g. The teacher with a number of students _ ( be) in the classroom. e.g. Tom, as much as you, _（be）responsible for the loss. e.g. He more than you _（be） anxious to go there.,is,was,is,16.“one of复数名词定语从句”结构，如果one前面没有限定词，这个句型中的“复数名词”是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；如果one前面有the，the only, the r

21、ight等限定词修饰，则one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。 e.g. John is the only one of the students who_ (have) the keys. e.g. John is one of the students who_ （have ）the keys.,has,have,17. theadj./ v-ed / v- ing作主语时，代表整个类别，谓语动词要用复数。如： the + dying, young, old, blind, rich, sick, wounded, poor及dead等词。 e.g. The old in China

22、（be） living a happy life. e.g. The wounded （have） been saved. e.g. The sick （have） been cured and the lost have been found.,are,have,have,18. a portion of + 可数名词作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式取决于前面名词的单复数形式 A great portion of ancient books have been destroyed. 与此类似的短语： a kind of, a series of , a species of A strange

23、species of car has been produced in that factory.,1.The United States (be) hit by the Great Depression in 1930s. 2. Five hundred million pounds (be) a lot of money. 3.When and where this took place (be) still unknown. 4. More than one person (know) about it. 5. Many a student (like) football. 6. Whe

24、ther she comes or not (be) of no matter. 7. The British (be) very proud of their sense of humor. 8. My family (be) big and the whole family (be) fond of music. 9.The population in China (be) very large, and eighty percent of the population in China (be) farmers. 10. A number of books (have) been sen

25、t to the children. 11. The number of books in our school (be) large. 12. The bread and butter (be) served for breakfast.,is,is,is,knows,likes,is,are,is,are,is,are,have,is,is,13.Each man and each woman there (be) asked to help. 14. My mother, as well as my father, (have) a key to the office. 15. The

26、man together with his wife and children (be) sitting there watching TV. 16.No one except his daughters (agree ) with him 17.There (be) a desk, a table and three chairs in the room. 18. Either my grandsons or their father (be) coming. 19. Not only the students but also their teacher (have) been invited. 20.He is one of the most famous a