高中化学鲁科版选修四试题：3.3.2《沉淀反应的应用》随堂练习（学生版） Word版含解析

1、3.3.2沉淀反应的应用随堂练习（学生版）1在baso4饱和溶液中加入少量bacl2溶液时产生沉淀，若以ksp表示baso4的溶度积常数，则平衡后溶液中()aba2so(ksp)bba2soksp，ba2socba2soksp，ba2sodba2soksp，ba2so2为了除去mgcl2的酸性溶液中的fe3，可在加热条件下加入一种试剂，过滤后再加入一定量的盐酸，这种试剂是()anh3h2o bnaoh cna2co3 dmgco33自然界地表层原生铜的硫化物经氧化、淋滤作用后变成cuso4溶液，向地下深层渗透，遇到难溶的zns或pbs，慢慢转变为铜蓝(cus)。下列分析正确的是()acus的溶

2、解度大于pbs的溶解度b原生铜的硫化物具有还原性，而铜蓝没有还原性ccuso4与zns反应的离子方程式是cu2s2=cusd整个过程涉及的反应类型有氧化还原反应和复分解反应4难溶电解质在水溶液中存在着电离平衡。在常温下，溶液里各离子浓度以它们化学计量数为方次的乘积是一个常数，叫溶度积常数(ksp)。例如：cu(oh)2(s)cu2(aq)2oh，kspcu2oh221020 mol3l3。当溶液中各离子浓度方次的乘积大于溶度积时，则产生沉淀，反之固体溶解。(1)某cuso4溶液里cu20.02 moll1，如要生成cu(oh)2沉淀，应调整溶液的ph，使之大于_。(2)要使0.2 moll1

3、cuso4溶液中cu2沉淀较为完全(使cu2浓度降至原来的千分之一)，则应向溶液里加入naoh溶液，使溶液ph为_。5.某温度下，fe(oh)3(s)、cu(oh)2(s)分别在溶液中达到沉淀溶解平衡后，改变溶液ph，金属阳离子浓度的变化如图所示。据图分析，下列判断错误的是() akspfe(oh)3kspcu(oh)2b加适量nh4cl固体可使溶液由a点变到b点cc、d两点代表的溶液中h与oh乘积相等中#国*&教育出版网dfe(oh)3、cu(oh)2分别在b、c两点代表的溶液中达到饱和6已知难溶电解质在水溶液中存在溶解平衡：www.zz#step%.commman(s)mmn(aq)nam

4、(aq)kspmnmamn，称为溶度积。来源:中国*&教育出版网#某学习小组欲探究caso4沉淀转化为caco3沉淀的可能性，查得如下资料：(25)难溶电解质caco3caso4mgco3mg(oh)2ksp2.8109mol2l29.1106mol2l26.8106mol2l21.81012mol3l3实验步骤如下：往100 ml 0.1 moll1的cacl2溶液中加入100 ml 0.1 moll1的na2so4溶液，立即有白色沉淀生成。向上述悬浊液中加入固体na2co3 3 g，搅拌，静置，沉淀后弃去上层清液。再加入蒸馏水搅拌，静置，沉淀后再弃去上层清液。_。(1)由题中信息知ksp越

5、大，表示电解质的溶解度越_(填“大”或“小”)。(2)写出第步发生反应的化学方程式：_。(3)设计第步的目的是_。www.&zz*%#（4）请补充第步操作及发生的现象：_。7已知ksp(agcl)1.81010 mol2l2，ksp(ag2cro4)1.91012 mol3l3，现在向0.001 moll1 k2cro4和0.01 moll1 kcl混合液中滴加0.01 moll1 agno3溶液，通过计算回答：中&国教育出版*#%网(1)cl、cro谁先沉淀？(2)刚出现ag2cro4沉淀时，溶液中cl浓度是多少？(设混合溶液在反应中体积不变)c29c91afe4ced1b6

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