18 19 Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar现在分词

1、 Section Grammar现在分词 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 后自主感悟 1.There will be a lasting effect on your health. of expect much 2.Though the parents their son，he is really disappointing. I noticed a man 3.When I looked back， a ladys pocket. picking4.Holding his head high，he walked past the enemies. 5.People running th

2、ese factories are very concerned about the environment. 1.以上各句中的黑体部分在句中担当的成分不尽相同。 例句1中作定语；例句2中作表语；例句3中作宾语补足语；例句4中作状语；例句5中作定语。 2.从以上例句1和例句5中看，现在分词作定语时位置不同。单个的分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰名词之前；分词短语作定语时通常放在所修饰名词之后。 语 法 精 要 点 拨 一、现在分词的时态和语态 现在分词的构成为“动词-ing”。现在分词有一般式和完成式，还有主动和被动两种形式。 语态 形式 结构 用法 主动语 态 一般式 doing 表示一般性的动

3、作，或表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生 完成式 having done 表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，特别强调动作已经完成 被动语态 一般式 being done 所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的 被动动作 完成式 having been done 表示一个被动动作发生在谓语动词 所表示的动作之前 Mary said angrily pointing to the notice. 页 1 第 玛丽生气地指着布告说。 Having watered the vegetables，we began to dig the ground. 我们浇过菜之后，就开始挖地。 Th

4、is is the computer being repaired by Tom. 这就是汤姆正在修的电脑。 Having been criticized by the teacher，Wang Ming gave up smoking. 受到老师的批评后，王明戒烟了。 即时训练1 用所给词的适当形式填空 Having studied (study)English for three years，he can read brief stories in English. Seeing (see) the stranger coming towards him，little Jim ran aw

5、ay as fast as he could. Having been called (call)by a stranger，he realized what would happen. He listened to the tape，making (make)notes now and them. 二、现在分词的句法功能 1作定语 单个的分词作定语时一般放在被修饰词之前；现在分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后，且往往可转化为定语从句。 He brought us an interesting book. 他给我们带来了一本有趣的书。 The man sitting under a big t

6、ree is my uncle. 坐在大树下的人是我的叔叔。 The building being built now will be our dining hall. The building which is being built now will be our dining hall. 现在正在建造的建筑将是我们的餐厅。 辨析比较 现在分它所修饰的名词通常就是现在分词的逻辑主语，并且通 词常可转换成一个定语从句 作定语 页 2 第 动名词 表示的是被修饰名词的作用、用途等 作定语 比较： 为现正在移动的汽车?movinga moving truck ? 是主谓关系在分词，与truck

7、? 为动名词，moving搬家汽车a moving truck ?truck 说明的用途 为现在 a hunting dog正在狩猎的狗?hunting?分词，与dog是主谓关系 ? 为动名词，说明huntinga hunting dog 猎狗? dog的用途它之前常有程度副词或最有些现在分词已经转化成形容词， (1)名师点津，surprising，高级等。常见的这种形容词化的现在分词有：excitinginteresting amusing等。puzzling，frightening，一般不作限制性定done)having 即done/having been (2)现在分词的完成式( 语。T

8、he students who have seen the film are coming out of the cinema. 正The students having seen the film are coming out of the cinema. 误 看完电影的学生们正走出电影院。2 即时训练 句型转换(1)Tell the boys who are playing over there not to make any noise. Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise. 45062019】【导学号：This

9、is the path which leads to the school. This is the path leading to the school. (2)单句改错 页 3 第 There are people crying and people laugh. laughlaughing The building built now will be the tallest in our city. building后加being 2作表语 现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。一般跟在连系动词be，get，become，look，sound，feel，

10、keep，remain，grow，seem，appear等后面。 Travelling is interesting but tiring. 旅行是有趣的，但也是令人疲劳的。 The news is encouraging. 这消息令人鼓舞。 辨析比较 现在分词作表语 表示主语的性质和特征。不可与主语交换位置 动名词作表语 对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。可与主语交换位置 比较：. My job is interesting) 为现在分词，表示“工作”的特征我的工作很有趣。(interesting. teachingMy job is ) 我的工作是教书。(teaching为动名词，它是对“工作

11、”内容的进一步说明 3 用所给词的适当形式填空即时训练 The story that old man told was touching(touch) ，Yesand very inspiring (inspire) What he said was disappointing (disappoint) The result of the accident is shocking (shock) 作补语3，see，hearnotice，watchfeel，look atlisten to，observe现在分词可以在后面作宾语补足语。变成等动词，havegetleavekeepsetcatch

12、find()短语 被动语态时，现在分词就成了主语补足语。 页 4 第 The police caught him stealing a car. 警察当场撞见他在偷汽车。 He was caught stealing a car by the police. 他偷汽车时被警察当场撞见。 I could feel my heart beating wildly. 我能够感觉到我的心在剧烈地跳动。 We noticed him swimming in the swimming pool. 我们注意到他在游泳池里游泳。 名师点津 在感官动词或动词短语(see，watch，observe，look a

13、t，hear，listen to，notice等)和使役动词(have)后面的宾语补足语常有三种形式，即不带to的不定式、现在分词或过去分词。不带to的不定式表主动和完成；现在分词表主动和进行；过去分词表被动和完成。 即时训练4 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 We found him waiting (wait)to receive us. We kept the fire burning (burn)all the time. (2)完成句子 她让我们在这儿等了一个小时。 She kept us waiting here for an hour. 今天早上10点钟有人发现他在洗车。 He w

14、as found washing the car at ten this morning. 4作状语 现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。现在分词作状语，是对谓语动词表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬，也就是说现在分词表示的是比较次要的动作，是对谓语动词表示的动作或状态的补充说明，但它们表示的动作(或状态)是与谓语动词动作同时发生(或进行)的。现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 (1)作时间状语，可以转换为when/while引导的时间状语从句。 Leaving the airport(When they left the airport)，they wa

15、ved again and again 页 5 第 to us. 离开机场时，他们频频向我们挥手。 (2)作原因状语，可以转换为because/since/as引导的原因状语从句。 Being league members(Since we are league members)，we are ready to help others. 由于我们是团员，我们乐意帮助别人。 (3)作结果状语，常表示自然而然的、预料之中的结果。可以转换为so that引导的结果状语从句。 He fell off the bike，hitting(so that hit)his head against a big

16、 stone. 他从自行车上摔了下来，头撞到了一块大石头上。 名师点津 动词不定式作结果状语时，常表示出乎意料的结果，而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。 They lifted a rock，only to drop it on their own feet. 他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。 (4)作条件状语，可以转换为if引导的条件状语从句。 Using your head(If you use your head)，youll have a good idea. 如果你动动脑筋，你就会想出好办法来的。 (5)作让步状语，可以转换为though/although等引导的让步状语从句。

17、Knowing(Though/Although they knew)all this，they made me pay for the damage. 尽管他们了解了这一切，但还是要我赔偿损失。 (6)作伴随状语和方式状语，可以转换为与原句并列的一个分句。 The girls came in，following(and followed)their parents. 那些女孩子跟在她们父母的后面进来了。 即时训练5 用所给词的适当形式填空/句型转换 Having eaten(eat)at the cafeteria before，Tina didnt want to eat there aga

18、in. Climbing (climb)to the top of the tower，we saw a magnificent view. Living (live)in the country，we had few social engagements. A lot of good land has gone with rain water，leaving (leave)only sand. 页 6 第 Working very hard，he didnt feel a bit tired. Though/Although he worked very hard，he didnt feel

19、 a bit tired. 三、现在分词的特殊结构 1连词现在分词 When，while，if，though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等连词后可接现在分词作状语，相当于这些连词引导的状语从句，这时现在分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。 While(While he was)listening to the debate，he made notes. 听辩论时，他做了笔记。 If walking(If you walk)the dog，you should be careful and dont let it get loose. 如果你遛狗，当心别松了手。

20、 2not现在分词 现在分词的否定形式是在其前加not。 Not knowing what to do next，she stopped to think. 不知道下一步做什么，她停下来思考。 Not having finished the homework，the little girl is not allowed to play outside. 由于没完成作业，这个小女孩不被允许出去玩。 3现在分词的固定短语 有些惯用的现在分词的固定短语，在句子中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，我们称这种成分为评论性状语或评注性状语。常见

21、的有： generally speaking 一般来说 坦白地说 frankly speaking 严格地说 strictly speaking 诚实地说 honestly speaking 根据来判断 judging from/by. Generally speaking，the learned are respected by people.一般来说，有学问的人受人尊敬。 Judging from his look，he didnt agree with you at all. 页 7 第 从他的神情判断，他根本不同意你的看法。 即时训练6 句型转换/完成句子 Though he was

22、ill，he still continued studying. Though being ill，he still continued studying. To be honest，I didnt do it on purpose. Honestly speaking，I didnt do it on purpose. 没完成这项任务，他们不得不在这儿再待上两周。 Not having completed/finished the task，they have to stay there for another two weeks. 语 法 应 用 落 实 .单句语法填空 根据语境在空白处填

23、入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1While reading (read)the book，he nodded from time to time. 2Having suffered (suffer)from heart trouble for years，Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. 【导学号：45062019】 3Looking (look)at my classmates faces，I read the same excitement in their eyes. 4Th

24、e lawyer listened with full attention，trying (try)not to miss any point. 5When comparing (compare)different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 6When we returned，we found a stranger standing (stand)in front of the house. 7Tell Mary that theres someone waiting (wait)for her at the door. 8The man standing (stand)at the window is our teacher. 9When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，telling (tell)me stories till I fell asleep. 10The result of the test was rather disappoint