初二初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案

1、句子成分及基本句型考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括： 主语、谓语、宾语 （直接宾语、间接宾语） 、表语、 定语和状语、宾语补足语 等。（一）主语 ：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的 “是什么” 或 “是谁”。一般由 名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它 在句首 。如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse.（名词作主语）（2）He reads newspapers every day.（代词作主语）（3）Smoking is harmful to the health.（动名词作主语）（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a

2、 great pleasure.（不定式作主语）（5）What we should do is not yet decided.（主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语 “做什么”“是什么” 或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词） 必须是动词 。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它 在主语后面 。如： His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）We study hard.（行为动词作谓语）We don t finish reading the book.（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）

3、（三）宾语宾语是 动作、行为的对象 ，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语 来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放 在谓语之后 。She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says （ that ）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him. （代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）We enjoy listening to the music.我们喜欢听音乐。 （动名词短语作宾语）说明 1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物， 宾语一般放在及物动词之后。 介词 后

4、面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词 宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作 动词宾语。说明 2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直 接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语 指物 ，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作 所及的人，间接宾语 指人 。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如： give, show （给看），bring, pass, buy等。如：（ 1） Our teacher tells us a story.（ 2） The sun gives us l

5、ight.间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后 ，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词 “ to 或“ for ”。间接宾语前加“ to ”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应） , refuse （拒绝）等。（命令） , sing, pay 等 改成：他将书递给我。 ） 改成改成：改成：改成：间接宾语加“ for ”的有： make, buy, do, get, play, order（1）I give him a book.（2）He pas

6、ses me the book.（3）He writes me a letter.（4）He will buy me some books.（5）She is making me a cake.（四）宾语补足语在宾语后面 补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分 ，称为 宾语补足语 。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语 和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。如： They make her happy. （形容词） I see her dance.（不定式）Well help you to make the Olympics a success.（名词）Please le

7、t him in. （副词）We heard her singing a song. （分词短语）（五）表语表语说明主语“ 是什么 ”或者“ 怎么样 ”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不 定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置 在系动词后面 。如： I am a teacher. （名词）He is always happy. （形容词）They are on the playground now.（介词短语）It gets cold. （形容词）Be动词（ am， is ，are, was, were ）系动词 表保持（ keep, stay, remain ） 表改变（ get ，

8、become， turn ） 感官动词 （feel ，sound（听起来），seem/look （看起来），taste （尝 起来），smell （闻起来）如：It sounds interesting.（sound 为系动词， interesting 为表语）We should all remain careful. Remain（为系动词， careful 为表语）（六）定语定语是用来 修饰名词或代词 的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不 等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。单个词 作定语时，通常 放在它所修饰的名词之前 如： The black bike is mine. （形容词）

9、Whats your name （代词） They make paper flowers. （名词）说明 1：当定语 修饰不定代词 ：nothing, anything, everything, something 等时，定语 在不定代词后面 。如： I tell him something interesting.（形容词 interesting 作不定代词 something 的后置定语） He has something to do.（ to do 为不定式作后置定语）说明 2：短语或从句 作定语时，也放 在被修饰的名词之后 。如： The boys in the room are in

10、 Class Four.（ in the room 是介词短语作 the boys 的后置定语。）（七）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词 。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、 程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。 状语 一般放在句末 ，但有的可以放在句首、句中。如： He did it carefully. （副词）We often help him.（副词）Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介词短语）When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（

11、从句作时间状语）He sits there. （副词地点状语）【简单句的五种基本句型】A. 主语 + 不及物动词 （ 主谓 ）如： The sun rises. 太阳升起来。The car stopped.小汽车停下来了。rise 和 stop 都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。B. 主语+及物动词 +宾语（主谓宾 ）如： I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies.I buy a book.（ feel 为系动词，表示感到） 天黑了。（ get 为系动词，表示变得） 为系动词，表示看上去，看C. 主语 +系动词 +表语 （ 主系

12、表 ） 如： Her brother is a driver.We feel happy.It gets dark.看上去病了。（lookTom looks ill. Tom 起来）（ 主谓+直宾+间宾 ）他给汤姆一件礼物。双宾语） 妈妈为我做了一D. 主语 + 及物动词 +双宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语） 如： He gives Tom a present. （双宾语） Mother make a new dress for me.件衣服。E. 主语+及物动词 +宾语+宾语补足语 （ 主+谓+宾+宾补）我们使我们如： They call her Mary. （宾补） 他们叫她 Mary。We m

13、ake our classroom clean and tidy.（宾补）的教室干净而整齐。He always makes us laugh.（宾补） 他总使我们笑。二、 典型例题写出划线部分的句子成分。1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.2. Her garden is the best in our town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.4. I like this book very much.5. The girl on the blue bike isJanes sister.6. She didn t come

14、to my party because she was ill.7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.8. We will go to the Children s Palace once a week.9. They are in the classroom.10. It sounds good.11. His name is Paul.12. We always go to school early.三、 课后练习（ 一 ） 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brotherdoesntdohis homework.A B C D Peopleallove

15、rthe worldspeakEnglish.A B C D You must paygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.A B C D How many newwordsdoyoulearn? ？ A B C D Some of the?students?in the school want?to go swimming,?how?about?you ？A B C D （ 二 ） 挑出下列句中的表语 ?The old man?is?feeling?very?tired. A B C D Why is?he?worried?about?Jim ？ A B C D

16、?The?leaves?have?turned?yellow.A B C D Soon?They?all?become interested?in the subject. A B C D She?is?the first?to learn?about it.A B C D （ 三 ） 挑出下列句中的定语 ?They?use?Mr. Mrs. with the?family?name.A B C D ?What?is?your?given?name ？A B C D On the?third?lap?are?Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D I am?afraid?som

17、e?people?forgot?to sweep?the floor.A B C D ?The man?downstairs?was?trying?to sleep.A B C D （四 ） 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She?likes?the children?to read newspapers and books?in the?reading-room.A B C D He?asks?her?to take the boy?out of school. A B C D She?find?it?difficult?to do the work. A B C D They?call?me?L

18、ily?sometimes.A B C D ?I?saw?Mr. Wang?get on the bus.A B C D （ 五 ） 挑出下列句中的状语 ?There?is?a big smile?on her face.A B CD ?Every night?he?heard?the noise?upstairs.A B C D He?began?to learn?English?when he was eleven.A B C D ?The man?on the motorbike?is travelling?to fast.A B C D ?With the medicine box u

19、nder her arm,?Miss?Li?hurried off.A典型例题答案 一.写出划线部分的句子成分。B CD1.主，谓，宾，状2.定，状3.表4.谓，宾，状5.定，定6.谓，状7.谓，宾，状8.谓，状9.表10.表11. 定，表12.状，状课后练习（三） D D B A B （ 四）D B D C B（五） C C A B B （ 六） C C C C D（ 七） D A D D A （ 八） us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 me,

20、间接宾语 message, 直接宾语初中英语语法宾语从句讲解，专项练习及答案宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化 that 引，一般疑问句用 if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一、基本讲解1 概念 : 在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也 可做介词的宾语。 eg, He said he was good at drawing. （动词宾语 ）He asks him how long Mike has been down . （动词宾语 ）Miss Zhang is

21、 angry at what you said. (介词宾语 )2. 连接词(1) . 陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用 that, 口语中常常省略。, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2) 以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句 , 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑 问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .注意：一般情况下， whether 和 if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用

22、whether 不用 ifeg, We are talking about whether well go on the pinic.b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用 whether.eg, Please let me know what to do next.Could you tell me whether u go or notc. if 当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用 whether.(3) . 特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句 语序。. Could you tell me whats the matterwrong

23、 with you特殊情况：当 do you think 后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构 应为引导词 do you think 陈述句语序。3. 宾语从句时态a. 当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自 身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：Do you know ( if/whether he has seen the film)b. 当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：I didnt know( if/whether he had seen the film.)注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理， 格言等，从

24、句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：He said (that the earth moves round the sun.)The teacher told us(that light travels much faster than sound.)4. 、人称的变化和标点的使用a. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二 人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如： ( 一主二宾三不“May I use your knife ”He asked me.He asked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her

25、 telephone number ”He asked me.He asked me if I know her telephone number.b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用 问号。如：Who will give us a talk I dont know. I don t know who will giveus a talk.Do you knowWhere does he live Do you know where he lives二、宾语从句的转化. 当主句谓语动词是 hope，wish ，decide ，forget ， plan ，a

26、gree 等，且主句主 语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths.She agreed to help me with my maths.2. 当主句的谓语动词是 know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不 定式结构”。例如：I dont know which sweaterI should buy. I dont know whichsweater tobuy.3. 当主句的谓语动

27、词是 ask ，tell, show, teach 等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语 和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词 不定式结构” , 或者在连接代词 / 副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语 或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词 / 副词不定式”结构。如： Could you tell me how to get to the park4. 当主句谓语动词是 find ，see ，watch ，hear 等感官动词时， 从句常简化为“宾 语宾补”结构，宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 V-ing 形式。如：She found that the wa

28、llet lay/was lying on the ground.She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.宾语从句专项习题巩固练习you decided for AustraliaA. when will you leave B. when do you leaveC. you will leave whenD. when you will leaveyou tell me A. where does Tom live B. where Toml ived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom livesold man

29、 asked me .A. where was the cinemaB. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema wasD. where was the way to the cinemathink you will like him. A. that B. if C. why D. howdidn t know D. how wonder A. how much cost these shoes C. how much these shoes cost asked me he is him _.he willcome or not. A. that B.

30、 whether C. weatherB. how much do these shoes costD. how much are these shoes cost . A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. whoA. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cupdont know .A. what time the movie starts C. the time to start the movie doctor asked

31、me how long _B. what time starts the movie D. the movie what time startsA. was I illB. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I hadbeen illweather forecast doesn A. if it rains tomorrow C. if it will rain tomorrow you know A. whose pen is thisC. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to y

32、ou tell me where A. the tape was B. was the tape C. tape want to know A. where is the hospital B. how old are youC. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying wanted to know .A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B. when Father Christmas had put in his stocking C. what Father Chri

33、stmas had put in his stocking D. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking one knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. when B. whether C. where D. if didn t know.A. where is C. who the one told usA. how should we do B. we dodont know with the rubbish a

34、nd it pollutes outA. how do itB. how to doC. what do it D. what tot say .B. if does it rain tomorrowD. if will it rain tomorrowB. whose pen this isthe tape isD.is theTim s fatherB.old man is D. , so we need your help.what we should dowhen was the firstwhat was wrong withwatch madeher watchC. what to

35、 do D. what shouldland and sea.doasked me .A. whether I find out the sender of the moneyB. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found outD. whether I found out the sender of the money21. Did you hear A. what did I say B. what I said C. I said whatD. what I

36、 say22. Can you tell me A. which class you are inB. which class are you inC. you are in which class D. are you in which class23. -Excuse me. Could you tell me - Certainly.A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which stationC. which station can I get toD. how I can get to the station24. Cou

37、ld you tell me where yesterdayA. did you go B. you go C. you have gone D. you went25. Tom asked me .A. whose shirt was this B. whose shirt this wasC. who shirt was this D. who shirt this was26. Excuse me, could you tell me s the bus stationA. where s the teachers office B. whereC. what s she doing27

38、. I want to see Mrs. Wang A. she lives where B.D. where the post office is, but I don she where livest knowC. where she livesD.wheredoes she live28. - Go and ask Mr. White for help. -But I don t knowA. where does he liveB. where he livesC. where is he livingD. he lives there29. - Can you tell me - Y

39、es, he lives in a small town.whatA. where he lives B. who is singing C. when he will leave D.he said30. Have you decided for LondonA. when will you leaveB. when you will leaveC. when are you goingD. when you are going31. Excuse me. Could you tell me our ticketsA. where do we show B. where shall we s

40、how C. where did we show D. wherewe shall show- We are all32. - What are you interested in about cooking food interested in .A. how egg is fried B. how is egg fried C.How egg fries D. howdoes egg fry33. Do you know A. what it is B. what is it C. who is he D.whose name is it34. Do you know A. whose b

41、ook is this B.whose book this is C. this book is whose D.whos book this is35. I don t know now.A. where is my cat B.my cat is where C. where my cat is D. wheremy cat36. Does he know A. what s your name B. what name isyour C. what your is name D. whatyour name is37. Do you know A. which floor he live

42、sB. which floor he lives onC. he lives on which floorD. which floor does he lives on38. Tell me where A. is the hospital B. the hospital is C. ishospital D. hospital is39. He hasn t decided .A. if he ll go on a trip to WuxiB. when will he go on a tripto Wu xiC. if he goes on a trip to Wu xiD. when d

43、oes he go on a tripto Wu xi40. Can you see A. what he s reading B. what is he readingC. what does he read D.he reads what点击中考1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tellA. when UFOs will appear next time B. why do horses know the wayC. where was this kind of plant foun

44、d D. how do elephants communicate2. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China Sorry. I don t know . .A. when did he go abroadB. why he is going abroadC. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad3. - May I come in I m sorry I am late.Come in, please. But could you please tell me .A. w

45、hy you are late again B. what were you doing thenC. who you talked with D. how do you come to school4. -Could you please tell me .Bus will take you right there.A. where is Henan MuseumB. what Henan Museum is likeC. how can I get to Henan Museum D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum5. Peter says

46、that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows . .A. where they have been B. where are theyC. where are they from D. where they have gone6. -Do you know . the Capital Museum -Next Friday.A. when will they visit B. when they will visitC. when did they visit D. when they visited7. He wanted to know

47、English party.A. when will we have B. when we will haveC. when would we have D. when we would have8. I want to know . .A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airportC. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at, look at the man in wh

48、ite over there. Can you tell me .He is a doctor.A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is10. -Could you tell me . He is wanted by the head teacher.- Sorry, I ve no idea. But he here just now.A. where Tim; was B. where is Tim; was C. where Tim is; was D. where Tim is; is11. -Did Mrs. King

49、 leave a message-Yes. She wanted to know this Sunday.A. who you would go shopping B. if you would go shopping with herC. that you will go shopping D. when will you go shopping with her m a teenager s mother. Sometimes I don t know .Love and understanding.A. what my son needs mostB. what does my son

50、want to getC. why my son gets annoyed very often D. why does my son get annoyed very often.13. -I wonder . without water About a week.A. how long man can live B. how long can man liveC. when man can liveD. when can man live宾语从句巩固练习参考答案1. 参考答案 D 你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗宾语从句用陈述语序。2. 参考答案 D宾语从句用陈述语序， where 作从句的宾

51、语。3. 参考答案 C宾语从句用陈述语序， where 表示地点。4. 参考答案 A if 表示选择，我想你是否将喜欢他。5. 参考答案 B 有 or not ， 所以用 whether.6. 参考答案 C 宾语从句用陈述语序 .7. 参考答案 A 宾语从句用陈述语序 ,who 作从句的宾语。8. 参考答案 A whose 是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。9. 参考答案 A 宾语从句用陈述语序。10. 参考答案 D 主句是过去时，从句也要用过去相应的时态，医生问我之前我已 经病了，所以用过去完成时态。11. 参考答案 C if 连接宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序。12. 参考答

52、案 B whose 是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。13. 参考答案 C 宾语从句用陈述语序。14. 参考答案 C宾语从句用陈述语序，时态不受限制。15. 参考答案 C 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态，因为圣诞老人 是之前就把礼物放进袜子里了，所以用过去完成时态。16. 参考答案 B 有 or not 就用 whether.17. 参考答案 D 宾语从句用陈述语序 , 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应 的时态。18. 参考答案 B 没有人告诉我们应该做什么，所以我们需要你的帮助。宾语从句 用陈述语序，如果选 B就是没有人做什么， us 后面是宾语从句，而 us 是宾格不 能作从句的主语，所以 C 选项缺少宾语从句的主语，应选 B.19. 参考答案 D我们不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陆地和海洋。 What 做 to do 的宾语。20. 参考答案 D 宾语从句用陈述语序，他问我是否我能找出寄钱的人，主句用过 去时态，从句用过去相应的时态。21. 参考答案 B 宾语从句用陈述语序， what 作从句的宾语。22. 参考答案 A宾语从句用陈述语序，哪一个班，所以用which class.23. 参考答案 D 你能告诉我怎样可