句子成分及句型

1、教案学生姓名性别年级学科英语授课教师上课时间年月日第（ ）次课 共（ ）次课课时： 课时教学课题句子成分及基本句型教学目标认识英语简单句的句子成分 掌握英语五种简单句的基本句型 学会写简单句教学重点 与难点五种基本句型的掌握和运用知识点梳理 【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括： 主语、谓语、宾语 （直接宾语、间接宾语） 、表语、定语和状语、 宾语补足语 等。（一）主语 ：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的 “是什么 ”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定 式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它 在句首 。如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）（2）He read

2、s newspapers every day. （代词作主语）（3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure（. 不定式作主语）（5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词） 必须是动词 。谓语和 主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它 在主语后面 。如： His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）

3、We study hard. （行为动词作谓语）We don t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是 动作、行为的对象 ，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及 物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放 在谓语之后 。She is doing her homework now（. 名词作宾语）She says（ that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play

4、basketball.（不定式作宾语）We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语）说明 1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代 词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定 式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。说明 2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动 词的直接对象，直接宾语 指物 ，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语 指人 。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾

5、语。有的动词可以跟。如： give, show（给看）， bring, pass, buy等。如：（ 1）Our teacher tells us a story.（ 2） The sun gives us light.间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后 ，在表示 “人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词 “to或”“for 。” 间接宾语前加 “to的”有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promi（se答应） , refuse（拒绝）等。间接宾语加 “for 的”有：ma

6、ke, buy, do, get, play, orde（r 命令） , sing, pay 等（1）I give him a book.改成：（2）He passes me the book（. 他将书递给我。）改成：（3）He writes me a letter. 改成：（ 4） He will buy me some books.改成：（ 5） She is making me a cake. 改成：（四）宾语补足语在宾语后面 补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分 ，称为宾语补足语 。名词、形容词、副 词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。如

7、： They make her happy（. 形容词） I see her dance（. 不定式）We ll help you to make the Olympics a succes（s.名词） Please let him in.（副词）We heard her singing a song（. 分词短语）（五）表语表语说明主语 “是什么 ”或者“怎么样 ”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或 形容词或短语来担任。它的位置 在系动词后面 。如：I am a teacher（. 名词）He is always happy.（形容词）They are on the play

8、ground now（. 介词短语）It gets cold.（形容词）Be动词（am，is，are, was, were）系动词 表保持（ keep, stay, remain ） 表改变（ get， become， turn ） 感官动词（ feel，sound（听起来）， seem/look（看起来）， taste（尝起来）， smell （闻起来）如：It sounds interesting（. sound为系动词， interesting为表语）We should all remain careful. Remain（为系动词， careful 为表语）（六）定语定语是用来 修饰名

9、词或代词 的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形 容词的词或短语等。单个词 作定语时，通常 放在它所修饰的名词之前 。 如：The black bike is mine.（形容词）What s your name（?代词）They make paper flowers（. 名词）说明 1：当定语 修饰不定代词 ：nothing, anything, everything, something等时，定语 在不定代词 后面 。 如： I tell him something interesting. （形容词 interesting 作不定代词 something 的后置定语）H

10、e has something to do.（to do 为不定式作后置定语）说明 2：短语或从句 作定语时，也放 在被修饰的名词之后 。如：The boys in the room are in Class Four. （in the room是介词短语作 the boys的后置 定语。）（七）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词 。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一 般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语 一般放在句末 ，但有的可以 放在句首、句中。如： He did it carefully. （副词）We often help him.（副词）Her

11、mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunda（y.介词短语） When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher（. 从句作时间状语） He sits there.（副词地点状语）【简单句的五种基本句型】A. 主语+不及物动词 （主谓 ） 如： The sun rises. 太阳升起来。The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。rise 和 stop 都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。B. 主语+及物动词 +宾语（主谓宾 ）如：I love my country.He helps me. I like ac

12、tion movies.I buy a book.C. 主语+系动词 +表语 （主系表 ） 如： Her brother is a driver.We feel happy.（feel 为系动词，表示感到 ） It gets dark.天黑了。（ get 为系动词，表示变得） Tom looks ill. Tom 看上去病了。（ look 为系动词，表示看上去，看起来）D. 主语+及物动词 +双宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语） （主谓+直宾+间宾） 如： He gives Tom a present（. 双宾语）他给汤姆一件礼物。妈妈为我做了一件衣服Mother make a new dress f

13、or me（. 双宾语）E. 主语+及物动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语 （主+谓+宾+宾补） 如： They call her Mary.（宾补）他们叫她 MaryWe make our classroom clean and tidy（. 宾补） 我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。 He always makes us laugh（. 宾补） 他总使我们笑。基础模块一、 典型例题写出划线部分的句子成分。1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.2. Her garden is the best in our town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years

14、old.4. I like this book very much.5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane ssister.6. She didn t com toe my party because she was ill.7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.8. We will go to the Children s Poanlcaec ea week.9. They are in the classroom.10. It sounds good.11. His name is Paul.12. We alw

15、ays go to school early.二找出下面要求的句子成分。（一）挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother doesnt do his homework.A B C D People all over the world speak English.A B C D（二）挑出下列句中的表语 The old man is feeling very tired.A B C D Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D（三）挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B C D What is yo

16、ur given name? A B C D （四 ） 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. A B C D He asks her to take the boy out of school.A B C D（五） 挑出下列句中的状语 There is a big smile on her face. A B C D Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D（六） 划出句中的直接宾语 （）和间接宾语（） Pl

17、ease tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week.拓展模块看图填词中运用到的句子成分 不同的句子成分用不同的词来充当。下面我们运用句子成分完成下面的看图填词题。看图短文填空。阅读下面短文， 并借助上下文和插图补充所缺信息。 每个孔只能填写一个意义相符、 形式正确的单 词。ltsLi Ming is a middle school student. His 15thbirthday is coming on_46_3nl.One day, Li Ming walked past the shoe shop at

18、the street corner. Once again, he stopped to look at the shop_47_.He fe happy to see the shoes that he wanted very much were still there. He really wanted to have_48_for hi birthday. Looking down at his old shoes, he felt sorry for himself.o the paHe sadly walked away and thought_49_to tell his moth

19、er about it. He knew she would give him_50_he liked if she could. But he also knew very well she had little money for that ￥1299-Nike Shoes,He_51_not to go home at once, as he didn t want to upset his mother. So he went twas nosat on the _52_.There he saw a girl in a wheel chair. He noticed that the

20、 girl_53_the wheel with her hands. Li Ming watched her carefully and was_54_to find that the girl had no feet. He looked at his own feet. “ It s much_55_to be without shoes than without feel.” he thought. Therehim to feel so sorry and sad. He went away and smiled, thinking he was luckier.综合检测题( )1.T

21、here are many natural and man-made wonders in the world. Which one is the natural wonder?A.Eiffel TowerB. Sydney Opera HouseC. the Statue of LibertyA. not to walk B.to walkC.walking( )3.- May I _ your dictionary?-Sorry, I _ it at home.A.lend; leftB.lend; forgetC.borrow; left( )2. He is too tired any

22、 more.( )4.- Can books by computers in the future?D.not walkingD. borrrow; forgetOf course not.A.replace B.replaced C.be replaced D. be replace( )5. Teachers always tell us to do on thing and do well.- They re right. It s necessary to put our heart into one thing.A.at a timeB.at times C.sometime D.s

23、ome times( )6. -No magazines yet since the beginning of this term.-What a pity!C.were published D.have publishedC.what was it happened D.waht it was happenedA.are publishedB.have been published( )7.-Could you tell me ?- I didn t pass the exam.A.what did happenB.what happened( )8.- Did you see a girl

24、 in white pass by just now?- No,sir. I a newspaper.A.readB.was readingC.would read D.am reading( )9.Please write to me as soon as you Shanghai.A. arrive B.being arriveC.got to D.come( )10.Mary was looking forward to to Kate s birthday party.A.invitingB.being invitedC.inviteD.be invited完形填空Jackie Cha

25、n is a well known Chinese action movie star around the world. He was born on April 7, 1954, inHongKong, China. His parents 21 mainland( 大陆 ), China for HongKong a short time before he was born. Hisparents 22 him “ Chen Guangsheng”, which means “born in HongKong ”. They wanted to 23 a safetrip to HongKong.24, Jackie s family lived in the French Embassy( 大使馆 ). In 1961, when Jackie was _25_ years old,his family moved to Australia. His father got a 26 as a cook in the American Embassy. Later, back inHongK