四级词汇和语法辅导

1、词汇语法辅导生词汇语法作文辅导目录顺序内容页码词汇部分第一讲易混淆的名词及名词词组1第二讲易混淆的动词4第三讲特殊动词的用法13第四讲短语动词14第五讲易混淆形容词及形容词词组24第六讲介词及易混淆的介词26第七讲副词及易混淆的副词28第八讲连词及容易混淆的连词28第九讲易混淆的代词30第十讲形近词31语法部分第一讲虚拟语气33第二讲非谓语动词35第三讲倒装36第四讲状语从句38第五讲名词性从句38第六讲定语从句39第七讲主谓一致40第八讲几种重要的时态41第九讲被动语态42第十讲情态动词44第十一讲比较用法47第十二讲强调结构和省略50第十三讲特殊句式52第一讲易混淆的名词及名词词组I. 考

2、点分析英语屮名词词汇量比较大，对名词的全面掌握须从名词的种类、性、数、格、词意等几个方面入手。根据历年真题来看，名 词考点在每次考题中大约占两题左右，而且对名词的考查并不复杂，基本上都是一些常用词的辨析，例如，2001年1月第59 题中的四个备选答案affair, incident, case, event,这些词语不难，只要了解它们的含义及在什么情况下使用，就很容易选 出正确答案。下面就四级考试屮所涉及到的考点进行归纳。一、名词的数1. 一般地说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，没有复数形式。如advice, information, progress, work, cloth,courage

3、, poverty, ndlk, butter, news, furniture, population 等。如果要表示一个”这类概念，就需要加量词， 如a piece of advice, a bottle of ink 等。These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you you need(00/6/22) AA) all the information B) all of information C) all the informations D) all of the informations 2. 有少数夕卜

4、来名词有特殊的复数形式，女口 phenomenon phenomena, basisbases, analysis analyses, bacterium 一 bacteria, criteri on 一 criteria, crisiscrises 等。3. 个另 U 名词单复数形式一样，女口 Chinese, aircraft, sheep, deer, youth, series, species 等。4. 有些名词在使用中常用复数形式，动词也要用复数。如scissors, trousers, pants, glasses, belongings,surroundings, saving

5、s, wages, arms, remains, contents, thanks, earnings 等。但有些名词其复数形式可以表示特 另的意思，如papers文件，goods货物，times时代，customs海关,关税，looks外貌。5. 有些以-ics结尾的表示学科的名词，其动词用单数形式，如 phonetics, politics, physics, statistics等，但其 前如有my , such等限定词时，动词用复数形式。6. audience, fani订y, group, committee, team, crew, public, stuff等表示整体时为单数，表

6、示具体每个成员时为复 数。集合名词police, people, cattle, mankind等总是用作复数。7. 合成名词构成复数时通常只将所包含的主体名词变为复数，女口lookers-on, sons-in-law, grand-children 。女口果没有主体词，可在词尾加“s 口 grown-ups, go-betweens, drawbackso由mari和woman构成的合成词，里面所含的成分都要变为复数形式，如men teachers, woman doctors o二、名词的所有格1. 有生命的名词所有格一般在单数名词后加，在以-，s”或“es”结尾的复数名词后加如his

7、wife ssister, children s book, the teachers另外，表示国家、城市、时间、距离，拟人的名词以及机构活动等的名词也用这种形式，如 today s China Daily, a ndle s distanee, station -room, wa(ithiagJ s capital2. 表示无生命的名词的所有格可以用of表示，如the cover of the book, the speed of the machineo3. 如果是复和名词，在最后一个词上加“”女口 my brother-in- law s coat4. 如果两个名词共同拥有某物时，在最后

8、一词上加“女口 my father and mother, s friend5. 在表示店铺、教堂的名字、某人的家等情况下，名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如the tailor J s,the stationet s, St. Paul s, his sister s三、名词作定语英语中一名词可以直接修饰另一名词作定语，在这一点上与汉语相似，如rose garden, orange juice, stone house, eye drops, food industry等。另外，由连字符构成的复和名词作定语时，既不能用复数，也不能用所属格形式。例如：I walked too much

9、yesterday andare still aching now.(95/6/56) CA) my leg s musclesB) my muscles of legC) my leg musclesD) my muscles of thelegDespite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the movie could not hold our attention. (96/1/31) BA) three-hoursB) three-hourC) three-hours D) three-hour s四、容易混淆的名词affair

10、事务；incident偶发的事件；accident事故；event活动，事变alcohol酒精；wine葡萄酒 analysis 分析； comment 评论border边界；margin页边空白；side旁边，面；edge刃，物体边缘channel渠道；approach入口，方法；route路 线cover盖子，覆盖物；coat (漆)涂层；layer层custom 习俗； customs 海关deliveries 递送，交付；transfer 转移，迁移；transportation 运输 discount 折扣；account 叙述，报导 duty 税，custom duties ； f

11、are （车、船等）费；fee 费，酬金 evolution 发展，演变；revolution 革命 festival 节日；ceremony仪式；activity活动fine罚款；debt债务；b订1账单footprint脚印；footstep脚步（声） governor 地方长官；principal 负责人，校长 graph 图表；photograph 照片；telegraph 电报 habit 习惯；custom 风俗，习俗；hobby业余爱好instrument仪器；appliance器具；apparatus器械；equipment装备，器材总称limit 界限；limitation局

12、限point点，要点；spot污点，斑点，地点perspective透视图，远景；prospect前途，展望 range范围，幅度；extent程度response反应（对某个要求、事件或局势所采取的行动）；reaction反应（由于所见所闻 而产生的某种情感或引发的行为）；reflection反映signature签名；sign标记，符号；signal信号silence寂静； calm平静；peace安静strike罢工；stroke击，报时的钟声source来源；resource资源trace痕迹（指人、事件等 留下的迹彖）；track足迹，轨迹variation变异，变种；adaptat

13、ion适应性变化，适应作用victim受害者；witness 目击者五、常用的名词搭配absence from缺席，离开gain/have an adva nt age over 占有 优势， 比强admission to准许give rise to引起，导致application for申请give way to为让路，被取代application to应用于influence on对的影响approach to通往的途径；接近keep pace with跟上的步伐belief in相信limit to对的限制cast /throw light on阐明某事lose (keep) one s

14、tempe发（忍住不发）脾气catch one s breath喘气make a fortune发财catch sight of看见make fun of取笑combination with与的结合make use of充分利用comment on/upon对的评论opinion about对的意见competition with与某人竞争passion for对的热情complaint about/of对的抱怨pay attention to注意concern about对的关注prejudice against对某人有偏见contact with与接触progress in在的发展cont

15、ribution to对的贡献reaction to对的反映discussion on对的讨论reason for的理由effect on对的影响responsibility对的责任emphasis on/upon着重于solution to的解决办法entrance to进入，的入口substitute for替代物exception to例外take advantage of利用excuse for的借口take delight in很高兴地做exposure to暴露于take delivery of提取feel sympathy for对某人同情take into account考虑f

16、ind fauIt with找岔，批评take the place of取代第二讲易混淆的动词动词词义辨析是历年四级考试测试的重要内容，约占Grammar and Structure部分的六分之一，做好这一部分题的关键在于记准、记清楚单词的意思。搞好动词对阅读理解部分也有很大帮助。有一部分单词在四级 考试屮频繁出现，并且 常是测试范围。女口区分transfer, transport , transform , transmit 和 rise, arise,raise 等等。下面列出了从1993年1月至2002年1月所有关于词义辨析的选择题，并给出了相应的汉语注释和例句 来区分这些词 语。I.

17、历届四级试题中的动词1. Tyron was extremely angry, but cool-headed enough to storming into the bosss office. (02/1/49)A) avoid B) prohibit C) turn D) prevent2. energy under the earth must be released in one form or another, for example, an earthquake.(02/1/61)A) Gathered B) Accumulated C) Collected D) Assemble

18、d3. Everybody in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary. (00/6/44)A) assembled B) accumulated C) piled D) joined4. He to his customers and halved the price. (02/1/65)A) leaked B) yield C) drew D) quoted5. The author of the report is well with the problems in the hospital because he has b

19、een working there formany years. (02/1/68)A) informed B) enlightened C) acquainted D) acknowledged6. This ticket _ you to a free meal in our new restaurant. (96/1/22)A) gives B) grants C) entities D) credits7. A season ticket _ the holder to make as many journeys as he wishes within the stated perio

20、d of time. (01/6/37)A) grants B) promises C) entities D) presents8. The Car Club couldnt to meet the demands of all its members. (01/6/52)A) ensure B) guarantee C) assume D) confirm9. Extensive reporting on television has helped to interest in a wide variety of sports and activities. (01/6/53)A) gat

21、her B) generate C) assemble D) yield10. Franklin s ability to learn from observations and experience greatly to his success in public life(. 93/1/69)A) contributed B) owed C) attached D) related11. Eating too much fat can _ heart diseases and cause high blood pressure. (01/6/55)A) contribute to B) a

22、ttribute to C) attend to D) devote to12. Cancellation of the flight many passengers to spend the night at the airport. (01/1/44)A) obliged B) demanded C)resulted D) recommended13. I didnt _ to take a taxi but I had to as I was late. (01/1/53)A) mean B) assume C) hope D) suppose14. The same factots p

23、ush wages and prices uptogether, the one the other. (01/1/65)A) increasing B) emphasizing C) reinforcing D) multiplying15. Our company decided to _ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met. (93/6/64)A) destroy B) resist C) assume D) cancel16. As we can no longer wait fo

24、r the delivery of our order, we have to it. (00/6/21)A) postpone B) refuse C) delay D) cancel17. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is(00/6/25)A) granted B) implied C) exaggerated D) remedied18. Putting in a new window will cutting

25、away part of the roof. (00/6/45)A) include B) involve C) contain D) comprise19. In Britain people four million tons of potatoes every year. (00/1/62)A) exhaust B) consume C) dispose D) swallow20. r m very sorry to have you with so many questions on such an occasion. (99/6/42)A) offended B) impressed

26、 C) bothered D) interfered21. Features such height, weight, and skin color from individualto individual and from face to face(96/6/29)22. The hopes, goals, fears and desires widely bet ween men and women, between the rich and the poor. (00/1/44)A) vary B)transfer C) alter D) shift23. The price of be

27、er from 50 cents to $4 per liter during the summer season. (99/6/44)A) ranged B) differed C) altered D) separated24. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply (99/6/70)A) appealed B) appreciated C) applied D) approved25. Harry was by a bee when he was collecting the honey. (99/1/49

28、)A) stung B) stuck C) bitten D) seratched26. Remember that customers dont _ about prices in that city. (99/1/53)A) debate B) consult C) dispute D) bargain27. I hope that youll be more carefulin typingthe letter. Dontanything.(99/1/55)A) lack B) withdraw C) omit D) leak28. John Dewey believed that ed

29、ucationshould bea preparation forlife, that aperson learnsby doing, andthat teaching must the curiosity and creativity of children. (98/6/50)A) seek B) stimulate C) shape D) secure29. However, at times this balance in nature is , resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects. (98/6/52)A) trou

30、bled B) disturbed C) confused D) puzzled30. In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe Europe into a great war. (98/6/57)A) inserted B) imposed C) pitched D) plunged31. The old couple decided to a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own. (97/6/38

31、)A) adapt B) adjust C) receive D) adopt32. I suggested he should _ himself to his new conditions. (01/1/42)A) adopt B) suit C) regulate D) adapt33. The newcomers found it impossible tothemselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes inthe new country(98/1/47)A) suit B) adapt C) regulat

32、e D) coordinate34. You have nothing to _ by refusing to listen to our advice. (98/1/49)A) gain B) grasp C) seize D) earn35. As a resuIt of careless washing the jacket to a ch订d s size. (98/1/50)A) compressed B)shrank C)dropped D)decreased36. Some diseases are _ by certain water animals. (00/ 1/48)A)

33、 transported B)transmitted C) transformed D) transplanted37. The coming of the railways in the 1830s our society and economic life. (95/1/65)A) transformed B) transported C) transferred D) transmitted38. He hoped the firm would him to the Paris branch. (98/1/51)A) exchange B) transmit C) transfer D)

34、 remove39. She was complaining that the doc tor was too much for the trea tm ent he was giving her. (98/1/56)A) expending B) offering C)costing D) charging40. This hotel _ $60 for a single room with bath. (95/6/67)A) claims B) demands C) prices D) charges41. I hate people who _ the end of the film t

35、hat you haven，t seen before. (97/6/36)A) reveal B) rewrite C) revise D) reverse42. Hes watching TV? He，s _ to be cleaning his room. (97/6/37)A) known B) supposed C) regarded D) considered43. The government is ttying to do something to better understending between the two countries. (97/6/39) A) rais

36、e B) promote C) heighten D) increase44. The soldier was _ of running away when the enemy attacked. (97/6/41)A) scolded B) charged C) accused D) punished45. The man in the corner confessed to a lie to the manager of the company. (97/6/57)A) have told B) be told C) being told D) having told46. Last ye

37、ar the advertising rate by 20 percent. (97/1/33)A) raised B) aroused C) arose D) rose47. A completely new situation will when the examination system comes into existence. (95/6/69)A) arise B) rise C) raise D) arouse48. The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boa

38、ts were and many housescollapsed. (97/1/35)A) wrecked B) spoiled C) tom D) injured49. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you the new carpet(97/1/41)A) crash B) pollute C) spot D) stain50. Some old people dont like pop songs because they can t so much noise. (97/1/46)A) resist B)

39、sustain C) tolerate D) undergo51. A healthy life is frequently thought to be with the open countryside and homegrown food. (96/6/23)A) tied B) bound C) involved D) associated52. It has been revealed that some government leaders their authority and position to get 订legal profits forthemselves(96/6/34

40、)A) employ B) take C) abuse D) overlook53. New York second in the production of apples, producing 850,000,000 pounds this year. (96/6/47)A) ranked B) occupied C) arranged D) classified54. She was so in her job that she didn，t hear anybody knocking at the door. (96/1/25)A) attracted B) absorbed C) dr

41、awn D) concentrated55. At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country but halfway in her speech, she suddenly to another subject. (96/1/27)A) committed B) switched C) favored D) transmitted56. In developing countries, people are into overcrowded cities in great number

42、s. (96/1/38)A) breaking B) filling C) pouring D) hurrying57. Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only to his confusion. (95/6/68)A) extended B) amounted58. It took him severalA) tend B) cultivat

43、e C)59. If you want to knowC) added D) turnedmonths to the w订d horse(95/6/70)breed D) tamethe train schedule, please at the booking office. (95/1/63)A) acquire B) inquire C) request D) require60. In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments, a student should his findings in logical orde

44、r andc1ear language. (95/1/68)A) furnish B) propose C) raise D) present61. Throughout his life, Henry Moor an interest in encouraging art in the city of Leeds. (93/1/44)A) contained B) secured C) reserved D) mairrtainedwindows. (93/1/57)62. ThereA) spreada nuclear war (. 93/6/52)63. ThereA) retainwe

45、re beautiful clothes in the shop B) displayed C) exposed D) located s little chance that mankind would B) endure C) maintain D) survivethe bank tosome money. (94/1/41)64. Before he left for his vacation he went toA) pull B) pick C) gain D) drawII答案及详解：1. A）题意：泰伦非常愤怒，但头脑还算冷静，没有冲进老板的办公室。解析：avoid避免；pro

46、hibit 禁止 Family finances prohibit his going to college ； turn 转向； prevent 阻止 The rain prevented us from playing tennis。2. B）题意：地球内部聚积的能量必须以某种形式释放出来，比如，地震。解析：gathered搜集He soon gathered a lot of mat erials for the book ； accumulated 积累，聚积； collec ted 收集 to collec t st amps； assembled 聚会（扌旨人） to assemb

47、le the members of the Parliament for a special meeting 。 召集议 员举行次特別会议。3. A）题意：所有的人都聚在大厅，在那里，他们受到了书记的欢迎。解析：p订e聚成堆，堆积：He opened the door and they all piled in.他打开门，他们一拥而入。join加 入：join the army参军,Join us!加入到我们当中来。4. B）题意：他向顾客让了步，把价格削减了一半。解析：leak （指缝隙等）漏（水、油等）；yield to屈服，让步。yield作为及物动词意思是产生；draw引出； quot

48、e引用（某人的话）。5. C）题意：该报告的作者对医院的问题了解，因为他曾在医院工作过很多年。解析：in formed常用句型：be in formed of,被通知，被告知（某事）, enlightened 启蒙；acquainted 常用句型：be acquainted with 熟悉，熟知（某种情况）；acknowledged 感谢。6. C）题意：持本券可在我们的新饭店免费就餐一次。解析：gives给予，常用句型：give sb. sth或give sth. to sb ； grants赐予，赋予，用法与give相似， Britain granted India Independenc

49、e in 1945 ； entitles 给权利，给 资格，常用句型：entitle sb. to do sth.； credits 赊账7. C）题意：持有季票者可以在有效期内任意乘车。解析：grant和entitle的解释请参看第6题；promise许诺做谋事，常用句型：promise to do sth. He promises to return the book in two week. My mother promised me a computer provided I passed the exam； present 赠送，递交 The company presented hi

50、m a gold watch on the day he retired。8. B）题意：汽车俱乐部不能保证满足所有会员的要求。解析： ensure 确保 He would ensure, when in office, that all secret data be made public ； guara ntee 保证 They guara nteed to deliver the goods with in two weeks. ； assume 假设； confirm 证实。9. B）题意：频繁的电视报道激发了人们对许多体育运动和各种活动的兴趣。解析：gather的解释见第二题；gen

51、erate激发（兴趣等）；assemble （人）集会；yield的解释见第三题。10. A）题意：富兰克林具备从观察和经验当中学习的能力，这种能力促成了他在公众事务领域里的成功。解析：con tribute to有助于，促成，是部分原因 Air pollution con tributes to health problems ;owed 欠 owe ten dollars to a friend. 常用句型： owe to She owes her success to hard work. 她把成功归因于辛勤劳动;attached 联系,attach importance to认为 很重

52、要; related 相关 be related to 11A）题意：食用过多的肥肉是患心脏病和高血压的原因之一。解析：contribute to见第九题；attribute to 把归因于，把（过错的责任等）归于：He attributed his success to hard work, attend to 1）照顾，照料 I w订 1 attend to the children when you are away.2）专心于，致力于： He should attend better to his studies devote to 1）奉献： Mary devoted her lif

53、e to caring for the sick2）把专用于： They devoted each Saturday to reading and discussing3）献身于：devote oneself to 12. A）题意：航班取消，许多乘客被迫在机场过夜。解析： obliged 迫使： I felt obliged to invite him to dinner ；demanded 要求： They demanded that their proposal should be accepted; resulted 导致：常用 result in: His laz in ess re

54、sulted in his failure ; recomme nded 推荐：to recomme nd a book to sb13. B）题意：我本来没想打的，但没办法，因为我快迟到了。解析：mean打算做某事，常用句型：mean to do sth.assume假定，假设，臆断I assumed that you have heard the news.想必你已听到了消息。hope希望做某事suppose猜想，料想，认为The situation was even worse than was supposed情况甚至比想象的 还要糟。14. C）题意：同样的因素造成了工资和物价的上涨

55、，而这两者又互相作用。解析：increase增加；emphasize 强调；reinforce 加强；multi ply 乘， 增力口 In a few min ut es, people in the square multiplied into t housands 只几分钟功夫， 广场 上的人就增加到几千。15. D）题意：我们公司决定取消合同，因为合同中的几项条款没有达到要求。解析：destroy摧毁；resist抵制，抵御；assume见第十二题；cancel取消16. D）题意：我们的订货还未运抵，我们不能再等了，我们只好取消订货。解析： postpone 延迟，使延期，推迟： 1

56、） We are postponing our trip until the weather grows warmer 2） The meeting was postponed until next weekrefuse 拒绝；cancel见第十四题。delay 耽搁： I was delayed by the traffic17. C）题意：大多数电视传媒业人士认为电视受到了不公正的批评，他们还认为媒体的力量被夸大了。解析：grant见第五题；imply暗示；exaggerate夸张，夸大；remedy n.疗法，药品；v.医治，纟纠正： remedy a mistake纟纠正错误。18. B）题意：安装新窗户就要截掉部分屋顶。解析： include 包括： You cook dinner for seven people and that includes Susan. involv