国际经济学题目2

1、CHAPTER 3SOURCES OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGEMULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS1 Which of the following suggests that a nation will export the commodity in the production of which a great deal of its relatively abundant and cheap factor is used?a. The Linder theoryb The product life cycle theoryc. The MacDougall

2、 theoryd The HeckscherOhlin theory2 According to Staffan Linder, trade between two countries tends to be most pronounced when the countries：a. Find their tastes and preferences to be quite harmoniousb Experience economies of large-scale production over large output levelsc Face dissimilar relative a

3、bundances of the factors of production d Find their percapita income levels to be approximately the same3 Which of the following is a long-run theory, emphasizing changes in the trading position of a nation over a number of years?a. Theory of factor endowmentsb Comparative advantage theoryc. Theory

4、of the product cycled Overlapping demand theory4. The Leontief paradox questioned the validity of the theory of:a. Comparative advantageb Factor endowmentsc Overlapping demandsd Absolute advantage5 Which of the following would least likely apply to the product life cycle theory?a. Calculators and co

5、mputersb Coal and crude oilc. Home movie camerasd Officemachinery6. Classical trade theory emphasized which of the following as an underlying explanation of the basis for trade?a. Productivities of labor inputsb Tastes and preferences among nationsc.Changes in technologies over timedQuantities of ec

6、onomic resources7. Concerning the influence that transportation costs have on the location of industry, which of the following industries has generally attempted to locate production facilities close to resource supplies?a. Autosb Steelc. Soft drinksd Valuable electronics goods8 Assume that Country

7、A, in the absence of trade, finds itself relatively abundant in labor and relatively scarce in land The factor endowment theory reasons that with free trade, the internal distribution of national income in Country A will change in favor of:a. Laborb Landc. Both labor and landd Neither labor nor land

8、9. When considering the effects of transportation costs, the conclusions of our trade model must be modified This is because transportation costs result in：a. Lower trade volume, higher import prices, smaller gains from trade b Lower trade volume, lower import prices, smaller gains from trade c. Hig

9、her trade volume, higher import prices, smaller gains from trade d Higher trade volume, lower import prices, greater gains from trade10. Most economists maintain that the major factor underlying wage stagnation in the United States in the 1990s has been：a. Import competitionbTechnological changec.Ri

10、sing real value of the minimum waged Increasing union membership11. Assume the cost of transporting autos from Japan to Canada exceeds the pretrade price difference for autos between Japan and Canada Trade in autos is：a. Impossibleb Possiblec. Highly profitabledModeratelyprofitable12. Eli Heckscher

11、and Bertil Ohlin are associa ted with the theory of comparative advantage that stresses differences in：a. Income levels among countriesb Tastes and preferences among countriesc. Resource endowments among countriesd Labor productivities among countries13.relatively shirts is computersHong Kong is rel

12、atively abundant in labor, while Canada is abundant in capita1 In both countries the production of relatively more labor intensive t han the production ofAccording to the factor endowment theory, Hong Kong will have a(n):a.Absolute advantage in the production ofshirts and computersb Absolute advanta

13、ge in the production of computersc.Comparative advantage in the production of shirtsdComparative advantage in the production of computers14. If Japanese workers receive lower wages in the production of autos than do American workers:a. Japan will have a comparative advantage in the production of aut

14、os b Japan will have an absolute advantage in the production of autosc.Production costs will be lower in Japan than in the U.S.dProduction costs could be lower in the U S if American laborproductivity is higher than the Japanese15. Which trade theory suggests that a newly produced good, once exporte

15、d, could ultimately end up being imported as the technology is transferred to lower-cost nations?a. Factor endowment theorybProduct life cycle theoryc.Overlapping demand theoryd Comparative advantage theory16. A firm is said to enjoy economies of scale over the range of output for which the long-run

16、 average cost is：a. IncreasingbConstantc. Decreasingd None of the above17. A product will be internationally traded as long as the pretrade price differential between the trading partners is：a. Greater than the cost of transporting it between themb Equal to the cost of transporting it between themc.

17、 Less than the cost of transporting it between themd Noneoftheabove18. Which of the following suggests that by widening the market1 s size, international trade can permit longer production runs for manufacturers, which leads to increasing efficiency?a.Economies of scalebDiseconomies of scalec. Compa

18、rative cost theoryd Absolute cost theory19. The Leontief paradox:aWas applied to the product life cycle theorybSuggested that the U.S. exports labor-intensive goodsc. Found that national income differences underlie world trade patterns d Implied that diseconomies of scale occur at low output levels2

19、0. Which of the following best applies to the theory of overlapping demands? a. Manufactured goodsb Servicesc.Primary productsdNone of the above21. The HeckscherOhlin theory explains comparative advantage as the resuIt of differences in countries :a Economies of large-scale productionb Relative abun

20、dance of various resourcesc Relative costs of labord Research and development22. Boeing aircraft company was able to cover its production costs of the first jumbo jetM in the 1970s because Boeing could market it to several foreign airlines in addition to domestic airlines This illustrates:a How econ

21、omies of scale make possible a larger variety of products in international tradeb A transfer of wealth from domestic consumers to domestic producers as the result of tradec. How a natural monopoly is forced to behave more competitively with international traded How a natural monopoly is forced to be

22、have less competitively with international trade23. Which trade theory contends that a country that initially develops and exports a new product may eventually become an importer of it and may no longer manufacture the product?a.Theory of factor endowmentsbTheory of overlapping demandsc. Economies o

23、f scale theoryd Productlifecycletheory24. The theory of overlapping demands predicts that trade in manufactured goods is unimportant for countries with very different:a. Tastes and preferencesb Expectations of future interest rate levelsc. Percapita income levelsd Labor productivities25. The trade m

24、odel of the Swedish economists Heckscher and Ohlin maintains that：a Absolute advantage determines the distribution of the gains from tradeb Comparative advantage determines the distribution of the gains from tradec.The division of labor is limited by the size of the world marketdA country exports go

25、ods for which its resource endowments are mostsuited26. According to the factor endowment model, countries heavily endowed withland will:a.b.c.d.Devote excessive amounts of resources to agricultural productionDevote insufficient amounts of resources to agricultural productionExport products that are

26、 land-intensiveImport products that are land-intensive27. For the United States, empirical studies indicate that over the past two decades the cost of international transportstion relative to the value of US imports has：a. Increasedb Decreasedc.Not changeddNone of the above28. Should international t

27、ransportation costs decrease, the effect on international trade would include a(n):a. Increase in the volume of tradeb Smaller gain from tradec. Decline in the income of home producersd Decrease in the level of specialization in production29. That the division of labor is limited by the size of the

28、market best applies to which explanation of trade?aFactor endoment theorybProduct life cycle theoryc.Economies of scale theoryd Overlappingdemandtheory30. A larger variety of products results from international trade especially if：a. International trade affords producers monopoly powerb National gov

29、ernments levy import tariffs and quotasc. Producing goods entails increasing costsd Economies of scale exist for producers31. With economies of scale and decreasing unit costs, a country has the incentive to：a Specialize completely in the product of its comparative advantage b Specialize partially i

30、n the product of its comparative advantagec. Specialize completely in the product of its comparative disadvantage d Specialize partidily in the product of its comparative disadvantage32. Proponents of maintain that government should enact policies thatencourage the development of emerging, sunriseM

31、industriesa.Product life cycle policybStatic comparative advantage policyc. Intraindustry trade policyd Industrial policy33. Legislation requiring domestic manufacturers to install pollution abatement equipment tends to promote：a. Higher production costs and an increase in outputb Higher production

32、costs and a decrease in outputc. Lower production costs and an increase in outputd Lower production costs and a decrease in output34. Stringent governmental regulations (e g, air quality standards) imposed on domestic steel manufacturers tend to：a Enhance their competitiveness in the international m

33、arketb Detract from their competitiveness in the international marketc.Increase the profitability and productivity of domestic manufacturersdReduce the market share of foreign firms selling steel in thedomestic market35. Among thedeterminantsunderlying a countrys internationalcompetitiveness in busi

34、ness services (eg,construction) are：a The potential scale economies afforded by a market s sizeb Abundance of equipment including data processing facilities and computersc. Skills and capabilities of employees and their wage ratesd Alloftheabovean exampleof:shift fromthe factortheory36. The simuItan

35、eous import and export of computers by Germany is of:a.Intraindustry tradebInterindustry tradec.Perfect competitiondImperfect competition37. Linder* s theory of overlapping demand provides an explanation a Product life cycle theorybFactor endoment modelc. Economies of large-scale productiond Intrain

36、dustry trade38. Intraindustry trade can be explained in part by：a Adam Smith* s principle of absolute advantageb Perfect competition in product marketsc. Diseconomies of large scale productiond Transportation costs between and within nations39. The Leontief paradox provided:a. Support for the princi

37、ple of absolute advantageb Support for the factor endowment modelc. Evidence against the factor endowment modeld Evidence against the principle of absolute advantage40. Which trade theory suggests that comparative advantage tends to one nation to another as a product matures?a.Interindustry trade th

38、eorybIntraindustry trade theoryc.Product life cycle theorydOverlapping demand theory41. Which trade theory is tantamount to a short-run version of price equalization theory?a. Specific factors theorybProduct life cycle theoryc.Economies of scale theoryd Overlappingdemanda.b.c.d.while owners of facto

39、rs specific sufferBoth owners of factors specific to factors specific to importcompeting Both owners of factors specific to factors specific to importcompetingto import-competing industries export industries and owners of industries gain from trade export industries and owners of industries suffer f

40、rom trade42. According to the specific factors trade theory：Owners of factors specific to export industries suffer from trade, while owners of factors specific to importcompeting industries gain Owners of factors specific to export industries gain from trade,46.43. Which nation has sometimes been ch

41、aracterized as being a pollution havenv due to its lenient environmental standards that encourage the production of pollution-intensive goods?a. Japanb Canadac. Germanyd Mexico44. Boeing Inc has criticized The Airbus Company * s competitiveness on the grounds that Airbus benefits from：a. Import tari

42、ffs protecting Airbus in the European marketb Import quotas protecting Airbus in the European marketc. Lenient environmental standards of European governments d Production subsidies supplied by European governments45 To justify the subsidies it has received from European governments, The Airbus Comp

43、any has used all of the following arguments except：a. Its subsidies have prevented U.S. aircraft firms from holding a worldwide monopolyb U S aircraft firms have benefitted from mi1itary_sponsored programs of the U S governmentc. Airbus * subsidies were totally repaid as the firm realized profits on

44、 its aircraft salesd Without subsidies to Airbus, Europe would be dependent on the United States as a supplier of aircraftExpanding trade or technological improvements：demand for skilled workers in the U.S. demand for unskilled workers in the U.S.demand for unskilled workers in the U.S. anda.b.c.d.I

45、ncreases Decreases Increases Boththe the theb.47. Economists agree that wages of unskilled workers are being held down by：a.International tradebTechnology improvementsc. Lack of educationd A combination of a, b, and c48. Thefactor endowment theory states that comparative advantage is explained：a.b.E

46、xclusively by differences in relative supply conditionsExclusively by differences in relative national demand conditionsCd.Both supply and demand conditionsNone of the above49. The factor endowment theory assumes：a Same tastes and preferencesbFactor inputs of uniform qualityc. Same technologyd All o

47、f the above50. In explaining international trade, the product life cycle theory focuses on：a.Tastes and preferencesb The role of technological innovationc.Percapita income levels of nationsdBoth b and c.TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONSF 1 According to Ricardian theory, comparative advantage depends on relative

48、differences in labor productivity.T F2 The HeckscherOhlin theory asserts that relative differences inlabor productivity underlie comparative advantageT F3 The factor-endowment theory highlights the relative abundance ofa nation* s resources as the key factor underlying comparative advantageT F4 Acco

49、rding to the factorendowment theory, a nation will exportthat good for which a large amount of the relatively scarce resource is usedT F5 According to the factor-endowment theory, a nation will importthat good for which a large amount of the relatively abundant resourceisusedTF6 The HeckscherOhlin t

50、heory suggests that landabundant nations will export land-intensive goods while labor-abundant nations will export labor-intensive goodsTF7. The HeckscherOhlin theory contends that over a period of years a country that initially is an exporter of a product will become an importer of that productTF8.

51、 The HeckscherOhlin theory emphasizes the role that demand plays in the creation of comparative advantageTF9 The factor-endowment theory asserts that with specialization and trade there tends to occur an equalization in the relative resource prices of trading partnersTF10. According to thefactor-end

52、owmenttheory,internationalspecialization and trade cause a nation s cheap resource to become cheaper and a nation* s expensive resource to become more expensiveTF11. Fears about the downward pressure that cheap foreign workers place on U S wages have led U. S labor unions to lobby for import restric

53、tions such as tariffs and quotasTF12. According to the factor-price_equa1ization theory, international trade results in the relative differences in resource prices between nations being eliminatedTF13. Empirical testing by Wassily Leontief gave support to the HeckscherOhlin theory of tradeTF14. The

54、Leontief Paradox was the first major challenge to the productlifecycle theory of tradeTF15. The Leontief Paradox suggested that,in contrast to thepredictions of the factor-endowment theory, U S exports were less capital-intensive than U.S. import-competing goodsTF16. The specific-factors theory anal

55、yzes the income distribution effects of trade in the short run when resources are immobile among industriesTF17. Owners of resources specific to export industries tend to lose from international trade, while owners of factors specific to import一competingindustriestendtogain.T F 18. The factorpriceeq

56、ualization theory is a shorrun version of the specificofactors theory.T F 19. With economies of scale, specialization in a few products allows a manufacturer to benefit from longer production runs which lead to decreasing average costT F 20. With decreasing costs, a country has an incentive to parti

57、dily specialize in the product of its comparative advantageT F 21. By widening the size of the domestic market, international trade permits companies to take advantage of longer production runs and increasing efficiencies such as mass production.F 22. The theory of overlapping demands applies best to trade in man