高中英语Unit5Thepowerofnature期末知识梳理新人教版选修6

1、人教新课标版高二选修六unit 5 the power of nature期末知识梳理一、训练导入i. 考纲单词写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义( 如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)1.volcano2.ash3. anxious4.equipment5.appoint6.wave7.absolute8.suit9.actual1 0.precious11.fog12.document13.rainbow14.shoot15.sweatii. 核心短语1 be suitable_适合2 be_ as 被任命为3 be_ about因 -而焦虑4_ from to 由到不等5_ ones

2、way to前往6 _ to the ground,全部焚毁7 be buried under the _被埋在废墟8 _ through匆匆看一遍9 have a_ for有天赋10 be_ about对乐观二、知识精讲1i. 重点词汇1. equipment n.u 典例 1) after a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged.实验室发生火灾后，许多设备都毁坏了.2) a good sleeping bag is an essential part of every campers equipment.一个完

3、好的睡袋是每个露宿者必不可少的装备。 重点用法 equip sb./sth. with sth.用装备起来 ./ 使具备2. appoint vt.约定 ;任命 ,委任 典例 1) he was appointed mayor of the city.他被任命为市长。2) please appoint a time for the meeting请你约定开会时间 重点用法 break an/ ones appointment违约 ,失约have an appointment with sb. at要在某时间和某人有约会keep an /ones appointment守约make/ fix a

4、n appointment with sb.与某人约会by appointment按照约定 , 照章hold an appointment担任某职3. evaluate vt.评估，评价，估计 重点用法 evaluation n. c u评估，评价，评估报告evaluate ones ability评估某人的能力；evaluate the value/quality of sth.评估某物的价值 / 质量 典例 1) i cannot evaluate his ability without seeing his work.没见过他的工作，我无法评估他的能力。2) they made an i

5、ntensive evaluation of the health care program.他们对医疗保健计划进行了深入的评估 .4. precious adj.贵重的，珍贵的 重点用法 preciouslyadv.昂贵地；preciousnessn.珍贵2同义词： expensiveadj. 花费的 ,昂贵的 典例 1)you sho uld make good use of every precious minute to study.你应很好利用宝贵的每一分钟去学习。2)that old book is my most precious possession.那本旧书是我最珍贵的财产。

6、3)my time is precious; i can only give you a few minutes.我的时间很宝贵，我只能见你几分钟。5. panic (panicked; panicked) v.惊慌 n. 惊慌，恐慌 重点用法 in a panic 感到惊慌 ; 惊恐地 典例 1) the children panicked when the plans flied over the city.当飞机飞过城市的上空 , 孩子们惊慌失措 .2)the thunder panicked the baby.雷声吓坏了婴儿3)people in panic had nothing t

7、o do but wait for death.惊恐万分的人们只好坐以待毙 .6. diverse adj.多种多样的，不同的 典例 1)her interests are very diverse.她的兴趣非常广泛。2)they are the people from diverse cultures.他们是些有着不同文化背景的人。3)the program deals with subjects as diverse as pop music and beijing opera.节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材。 重点用法 diversityn.差异 , 多样性；diversif

8、yv.使多样化 , 作多样性的投资variousadj.不同的 , 各种各样的 ,多方面的 ,多样的；differentadj.不同的7. guarantee vt.保证，担保n. 保证 ,保证书 , 保修 重点用法 guarantor担保人；保证人stand guarantee for .替 .担任保证人；guarantee of sth./that的保证；guarantee sth against sth.许诺反对；bank guarantee银行担保；3offer ones house as a guarantee以房屋为担保品； 典例 1) blue skies are not alw

9、ays a guarantee of fine weather.蔚兰的天空并不永远保证晴朗的天气。2) many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers.许多店主对顾客保证满意。3) we cannot guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in fogy weather.雾天我们不能保证火车准时到达。ii.重点词组1.compare with将与比较( 强调将两者进行比较) 短语归纳 compare a to b将比作 ( 强调比喻)compared to/with与相比较起来( 在句中充当状

10、语成分, 用过去分词 , 介词可互换 ) 典例 1) mans life is often compared to a candle.人生常被喻为蜡烛。2) i compared the copy with the original, but there was not much difference.我比较了复印件和原件，但是差别不是很大。3)compared with/to boys, girls are more quiet and shy.相比男孩 , 女孩子要更文静害羞些 .2.burn to the ground全部烧毁 短语归纳 burn up （因热度过高）烧坏；烧毁；燃得更旺

11、burn away继续燃烧；burn down全部焚毁 ; 火势减弱；burn itself out烧尽 ;烧完；burn oneself out耗尽精力 , 精疲力竭；burn ones face in the sun晒黑了脸；burn ones money把钱挥霍掉 典例 1)everybody is burning to know the good news.大家都急于想知道这则好消息。2)dont leave the gas on you might burn the house down.别忘了关煤气炉 - 不然会把房子烧掉的。3)the house burnt down in ha

12、lf an hour.那所房子在半小时之内就被焚为平地。make ones way 前往 ; 非常艰难地行进；有出息4 短语归纳 by the way顺便说说；by way of途经；go out of ones way尽力；mend ones ways改邪归正；out of the way反常的； 典例 1) if you want to make your way in the world, you must learn to work hard while you are still young.你如果想有出息，年轻的时候就要学会勤奋。2)will you be able to make

13、 your way to taiwan?你能自己去台湾吗？3)she hesitated, but made her way forward.她犹豫了一下，还是向前走去。4) the red army made their way from the south of china to the northwest, which iscalled the long march.中国工农红军从中国南方艰难地走到西北，这就叫做长征。3.impress sb. with sth.使某人铭记某事 短语归纳 be impressed by为所感动；对有印象make an impression on sb.

14、that给某人留下印象 典例 1) the song impresses me with the old days in college.这首歌使我记起了大学里以往的日子。2) all the tourists are impressed by the amazing sunset.所有的游客都被美妙的日落景象迷住了。3) his talking and appearance made an impression on us that he had ever received a good education. 他的言行举止让我们感觉到他曾经受过很好的教育。iii. 重点句型1. i was

15、about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我刚要回去再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。 解释 be (just) about to dowhen“正要做这时( 突然 ) 典例 1) i was just about to go out when the phone rang.我刚要出去这时电话响了。2) i was just about to leave when he came.我刚要离开，他就来了。2. it is said that this boy, who had a great g

16、ift for languages and persuasion,5is the father of the manchu people. 解释 it is said that据说相类似的句型结构: it is proved/ announced/believed/ expected/stated/ thought /reported that. 典例 1) it is said that china is going to launch another spaceship this year.据说中国会在今年发射令一个宇宙飞船.2) it has been proved that eatin

17、g vegetables inchildhood helps to protect you against serious illness in laterlife. 孩童时多吃蔬菜有助于保护你以后免受疾病的困扰已经得到证实。三、语法突破动词形式ing 作状语现在分词作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语或结果状语、补充说明、方式状语等来探讨现在分词的用法特点。1）用作表示原分 词 短 语 作 原 因 状 语因时，相当于一个原因状语从句，常放在句首。例如：not knowing his address, i cant send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把

18、这本书送给他。many of us, being so excited, couldnt goto sleepthatnight.因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。分词短语作原因状语the poor of the cities, having lived such a时，相当于一个原因状hard life,took up theirguns.(=as they had语从句，常放在句首。lived such a hard life, the poor of the( 分词作状语，前面可加cities. took up their guns)城市贫民由于过when， while 等) 如：着

19、那样艰苦的生活，所以他们都拿起了武器。well known forhis expertadvice, he was ableto help a great number of people with theirpersonal affairs.他（在探案方面）的足智多谋广为人知。 因此，他能够帮助很多人解决私事。2）用作表示时由于现在分词具有和谓hearingthe news( whenthey heard the news),间状语从句语动词同时性的特点，they immediately set off for the station.所以表示时分词所表示他们听到这个消息后，立即出发到车站了

20、。的动词和谓语动词所表seeing those pictures, she remembered her6示的动作一般都是同时childhood.看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。或接着发生的。在表示两个紧接着发生的动作时 其 紧 凑 感 常 常 是 用when, while 引出。例如：注意：表示与主句中谓don t talk while having dinner.吃饭时不语动词同时性的现在分要说话。词强调时间意义时，分whencrossingthe street,do be careful.过词 前 可 以 加 上 while,马路时要小心。when等从属连接词，但while reading

21、the book,he nodded from timeas没有这种用法。如：to time.他一边看书，一边不时地点头。3）用作表示伴用现在分词表达和谓语they stood there for half an hour watching随状语从句动词同时进行的动作，the starsin the sky.他们在那儿站了半小时，谓语动词表示一个重要观察着天上的星星。动作分词表示一个次要followingtheoldman, theyoungpeople动作 ，分词常放在句started walking slowly.年轻人跟在老人的后末。具有一种生动的描面开始慢慢地走起来。绘功能。例如：bu

22、t laterpeopledevelopedaway ofprinting; using rock.但是以后，人们利用石块发展印刷术。the man went hunting in the woods his dogfollowinghim. 那人去森林狩猎， 身后跟着一只狗。4）用作表示目两句也可用 inorder topilesofstones liein a cornerof the的状语从句或 so as to来表示目courtyard ,waiting to be replaced.院子的一的，但其效果远不如用个角落里放着一堆堆石头准备作更换之用。分词表示。most animals

23、will standaway fromthelion,keepingthemselvessafe from the danger.大多数动物总是远离狮子，以保护自身安全免遭危险。5）用作表示补从例句可以看出有一个a satellitehasequipmentformaking充说明共同的特点：前半部分electricityfrom sunshine, using verybroad都是陈述一件事实或提sun panels.人造卫星有太阳能发电设备，使用7出一个看法，而现在分的是很大的太阳能电池板。词短语则辅助一进一there will be a writer writing the text

24、for步的细节，描述来为之the advertisementanddesignerwhowill提供情况以增加或完善design it,usingpicturesor photographsand句子内容。the text.广告词将有专人撰写广告师、设计师则用图片或照片和广告词来设计广告。6）用作表示方在分词作方式状语时，using his fingers and thumb, the painter式或方法可置于句首也可置于句drew a picture of wood within ten minutes.末，具有很强的描绘色画家用他的手指和大拇指在十分钟内画成了一彩和感情色彩。以第一幅森

25、林画。句为例，突出表现了画traveling by train， we visit a number of家用手指，而不是用笔cities 我们坐火车参观了好多城市。作 画 这 一 与 众 不 同 之the sperm whale thereforehas tolook forthe处。同时也表现了作者squid using sound waves. 因此巨头鲸必须用声的羡慕和好奇之情。波去搜寻鱿鱼。7）用作表示条a personstandingat the footofa high件状语从句mountain will find himself very small.一个人如站在大山的脚下会发

26、现自己很渺小。注： -ing 分词上述例句中的现在分词workingdiligently， you willcertainly作状语时，它短语相当于条件句，但succeed 只要刻苦学习，你就会成功的。的逻辑主语就他们比用表示的条件显being more careful,you canmake fewer是整个句子的得更简洁。值得注意的mistakes.如果你更细心， 你会犯更少的错误。主语。是例句 2 中的分词短语其逻辑主语并非是句子的主语，在这句里，分词短语所表示的是客观或设想条件。8）用作表示让admittingwhat you say, you arestillin the步状语从句w

27、rong(=though we admit what you say.)尽管我们承认你所说的，你仍然是错的。knowing all this, they made me pay for thedamage. 尽管知道了一切情况， 他们还是要我赔8偿损失。9）用作表示结the firelastednearlyamonth,leaving果状语nothingvaluable.大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。footballisplayedinmorethan80countries, making it a popular sport. 80多个国家都踢足球， 因此足球成了一种很流行的

28、运动。she was so angry that she threw the toy onthe ground, breaking it into pieces.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。10）现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，strictly(honestly/generally)speaking,可作独立成分可以独立存在。它们往this book is not very difficult.总的来说，往已成为习惯语：这书并不难。generally(strictly， judgingfrom what you say, he has done a veryetc)good job

29、.从你的话来看，他的工作做的不错。speaking一般 ( 严格等 )地 讲 considering 考虑、从判断现在分词与过去分词做状语的区别1) 现在分词在句中可作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。现在分词作状语具有以下几个特性：(1) 时间性： 与谓语动作同时发生，用一般时， 如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone；(2) 语态性： 与句子的主语之间的关系， 是主谓关系或动宾关系。 遵循的规则是 “主动进行，被动完成”；(3) 人称一致性：分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。2）过去分词作状语，在句子中也可用作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语，相当于一个状语从句。与现在分词不同的是

30、过去分词表示被动关系，所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动作之前或同时发生。hearing the news (=when they heard the news)， they all jumped with joygiven better attention (if the plants were given better attention)， the plantscould grow better【考题印证】91. （ 2012 江西卷） 35 john has reallygot the jobbecause he showed me the officialletterhim it.a of

31、feredb offeringc to offerdto be offered【解析】 b。非谓语动词。offer的逻辑主语为空格前名词letter，根据句意，两者语态为主动关系，且表伴随，故选b。2. （ 2012 重庆卷） 23._towork overtimethatevening,i missed a wonderfulfilm.a. having been askedb. to askc. having askedd.tobeasked【解析】 a。非谓语动词用法。逗号前为原因状语，空白处与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，由此可排除表示主动关系的b 和 c 选项， d 选项常作目的和结

32、果状语，不作原因状语，也可排除，而a 选项为现在分词完成式的被动形式，可作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、伴随状语等。因此，正确答案为a 选项。3. （ 2012 陕西卷） 15._ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a new ipad .a. standingb. to standc. stoodd. stand【解析】 a 。考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词短语后有逗号，说明非谓语动词做题干的状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语we，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系，且其动作与谓语动词wait的动作同时进行，用动词v-ing的一般

33、式，选a。【真题体验】1. （ 2012 全国新课程）28. the party will be held in the garden, weather.a. permittingb.to permitc.permittedd.permit2. （ 2012 江苏卷） 31.an importantdecisionmore on emotion than on reason,youwill regret it sooner or later.a. basedb. basingc. based. to base3.(2011全国卷ii,18) sarah pretended to be chee

34、rful, _nothing about theargument.a. saysb. saidc. to sayd. saying4. （ 2011 北京卷 ,33 ）sitdown, emma.you willonly make yourselfmore tired,onyou feet.a. to keepb.keepingc.havingkeptd.to have kept5. （ 2011 上海春招 ,34 ） mike found his missing car in the street outside his house,_ newly cleaned and polished.

35、a. lookedb. to lookc. lookingd. to be looking6.(2011浙江卷 ,3) bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some10_a life span of around 20 years.a.havingb hadc. haved. to have7.（ 2011 陕西卷 ,20 ）morehighways have been builtinchina,_itmuch easierfor people to travel form one place to another.a. makingb. ma

36、dec. to maked. having made8（ 2011 湖南卷 ,29 ） do you wake up everymorning _energeticand ready tostart a new day?a. feelb. to feelc. feelingd. felt9.(2011 辽宁卷 ,30)around the fire, the tourists danced with the localpeople.a. gatherb. to gatherc. gatheringd. to begathering10.(2009 年辽宁卷 )when we visited m

37、y old family home， memory came _back.a floodingb to floodc floodd flooded【答案解析】1. 【解析】 a。考查现在分词的独立主格结构。句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园举行。此处主句的主语 party 和 weather 不一致，所以 weather 保留，作 permitting的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。另外，weat her 与 permit 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。2. 【解析】 b。非谓语动词动词现在分词做状语动词base与逻辑主语 you 之间构成主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故选b项。3. 【解析】

38、d 考查非谓语动词。句意为“ sarah假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。”a和b 项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；c 项是作目的状语，而句中是伴随状态，故选 d。4. 【解析】 b 考查非谓语动词。句意为“ emma，你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。”a项 tokeep 是表示将来。 c 项 havingkept 和 d 项 to have kept 表示动作先发生。 make yourselfmore tired 与 keeping on you feet同时进行，故选b。5. 【解析】 c 考查非谓语动词。句意为“ mike在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车，看上去刚擦得干干净净，

39、还打过腊。”a项 looked 是谓语形式，但句中没有连词；b 项不定式 to look 和 d项 to be looking如果都表结果，那只能由mike 执行这个动作，与题意不符； c 项 looking 表明车子的特性，作伴随状语，故选c。6. 【解析】 a 考查独立主格结构。句意为“令人惊讶的是，蝙蝠是长寿的动物，有些能活20 年左右。” had 和 have 是谓语动词形式，题中没有连词，无法并存两个句子。to have表将来； having 表伴随，因此，选a。7. 【解析】 a 考查非谓语动词。句意为“中国修建了越来越多的高速公路，人们更加方便从11一个地点到另外一个地点。”空格

40、后面是it ，说明是主动关系，排除b；不能选择c 的原因是 to do做目的状语，不符合句意；答案选择a，表示结果。8【解析】 c考查非谓语动词。句意为“每天早上醒来后，你是否感到精力充沛，并为新的一天作好了准备？” wake up作句子的谓语，句中没有连词，排除谓语动词feel 。to feel表将来，与wake up 组成一先一后的动作关系，felt作为过去分词表被动，与you 这个逻辑主语矛盾，故选c， feeling作伴随状语。9.【解析】c 考查非谓语动词。 句意为“游客们围绕在火堆旁边，与当地人一起跳舞。 ”gather的动作由the tourists执行 , 用主动形式 , 并与

41、 dance 同时进行 , 故选 c，表示伴随情况。10【解析】 a句意为：当我们参观我的老家时，记忆又涌上心头。现在分词作方式状语。四、单元自测第一节单项选择1 although different in many ways， the british and the americans _ manyof the same customs.a makeb takec shared give2 dark glasses are sometimes worn to _ the eyes from strong sunlight.a preventb carec defendd protect3 a

42、lwaysacting in a strangemanner， einsteinmust have _ topeople aroundto be mad.a appearedb showedc thoughtd imagined4 though the girl _ to learn japanese，she couldn t catch up with herclassmates.a made effortb made all her effortsc took every effortdgave her efforts5 do you think that prices of vegeta

43、bles will _？a rise upb bring downc go upd raise6 more and more peoplechooseto shop in the supermarket ， for theyare especiallyinterested in the _ of goods on offer.a priceb varietyc valued amount7 hibernating animals have stored _ fat in their bodies during the summer12and autumn.a a good manyb supp

44、lies ofc a large quantities ofda few8 it is known that the weight of an object _ from place to place on theearth.a exchangesb variesc translatesd ranges9clevernessisnotalways a _ ofhighgradesin exams. youdbetterlearnknowledge carefully and practice more.a result b recordc guaranteed reaction10 wecan

45、 see monuments hereand there.those who have made great _tohumanbeings and society will never be forgotten.a advanceb effortc contributionsd achievements11. -did you listen to the lecture ?-yes, i have never heard a _ one.a. more excitingb. more excitedc. most excitingd. most excited12i dontthink _ possible to master a foreignlanguage withoutmuch memorywork.a. thisb. thatc. itsd. it13 people who do not smoke have less _ of suffering from lung cancerthan those who do so.a. potentialb. causec. hoped. choice14. the patient was warned _ oily food af