9分达人阅读AmateurNaturalists精读笔记

1、Amateur ?m ?t?（r） Naturalists ?i?t ?ltEcologistsi: *?l?d?Sts are using a wealth of unusual data to predict he impact of climate cha nge.生态学家们通过大量民间数据来预测气候变化带来的影响a wealth ofSn.大量;丰富 If you say that some one or somethi ng has a wealth of good qualities or thin gs, you are emphasiz ing that they have a

2、 very large nu mber or amount of them.FORMAL 正式.such a wealth of creativeexpertise空ksp?:?i:z .如此丰富的创造性Un.专门技能The city boastsb?stv.有，拥有（值得骄傲的成就或财产）a wealth of beautifulchurches.这座城市拥有众多美丽的教堂A:Tim Sparks slides a smallleather-bound 装订的 notebook out of anenvelope?env?l ?p.Tim Sparks从信封里取出了一本皮面笔记本slide

3、out of2 Lintrdnsiii c, liarisilic alwjyb + tadvcib/prcpubiL un to movee quietly andsmoothly, or to move something in this wayslide into/out of etc小 Doryre! siid out of Hhe room when no one was icokina.* She slid jflto dnvefs s&at,lide suniellituytitcsoinediiriQ* He siid the yun ittio hts pocket.The

4、books yellowi ng pages con tai n beekeep ing no tes made betwee n 1941 and 1969 by the late Walter Coates of Kilworth, Leicestershire.笔记本的纸页 已经微微泛黄，它记载了在Kilworth, Leicestershire居住的已故的 养蜂人 Walter Coates从 1941年到1969年间的养蜂记录lateadj.已故的； 已逝的； （尤指）新近去世的 You use late whe n you are talk ing about some onewh

5、o is dead, especially some one who has died recen tly.DEADonly before noun deadlate husband/wife Mrs. Moorers fate husbddHis growing pilepa ? of local journals他那堆越来越多的地方日报a pile ofUsage Note :A pile of things can be tidy or untidy. a neat pile of clothes. Aheap is usually untidy, arid often has the

6、shape of a hill or mound. Now, the house is a heap of rubble. A stack is udually tidyr and often consists of flat objects placed directly on top of each other .a nest stsck of dishes.pila既可扌旨整齐的一叠,也可指杂乱的堆：a neat pils of clothes （整齐的一B衣服）heap通常揩杂乱的、常呈小山或土墩状的堆:Now. the house is a heap of rubble （现在，房子

7、成了一堆瓦砾几駐孔K通常指整齐的、常是扁平物体叠放在一起的一摞：aneat stack of dishes （整齐的一摞盘子）Were un coveri ng about one major new record each mon th.“我们每个月都会发现一个新的记录”uncoverv.揭露，发现（隐秘之事）If you uncover something, especially something that has been kept secret, you discover or find out about it.Auditors ?:d?（r） said they had unco

8、vered evidenee of fraud.审计人员说他们已经发现了欺诈的证据A specific plot to kill him was un covered in the past couple of weeks.一个针对他的暗杀阴谋在过去几周里被揭露了出来v.发现，发掘（地下埋藏之物）When people who are digging somewhere uncover someth ing, they find a thing or a place that has bee n un der the ground for a long time.Archaeologists

9、?aki ?l?d?st have uncovered an 11,700-year-old hunting camp in Alaska ?sk?.考古学家们在阿拉斯加发现了一个距今11,700年的狩猎营地v.揭开的盖子；除去上的覆盖物To uncover something means to removesometh ing that is coveri ng it.When the seedlingsi:dl? sproutspra ?t, uncover the traytre ?.秧苗发芽后，就把盘子上的盖子拿掉When the first wood anemon es?iem? n

10、i flowered, the dates on which the oaks?k burst into leaf and the rooks began nesting.银莲花第一次开花的时间、橡树抽芽的时间以及白嘴鸦开始筑巢的时间burst into leaf or flower（花、叶等）突然绽放，突然长出When plants burst into leaf or flower, theirleaves or flowers sudde nly ope n.WRITTEN 笔语.rows of wallflowers promisi ng to burst into bloom.一排排

11、桂竹香含苞待放SuccessiveS?k$eSV Marshams continued compilingk ?m?)a? these notes for 211 years.Marsham家族一代代的后人们搜集这些资料长达211年successiveadj.连续的；接连的；相继的 Successive means happening or existing one after ano ther without a break.Jacks on was the winner for a sec ond successive year.杰克逊已经是连续第二年获胜了Britai n was suf

12、feri ng from the failure of successive gover nments to co-ord in ate a n ati onal tran sport policy.接连几届政府都没能协调出一个全国性的交通运输政策，英国因此而深受其苦sue-cessl ve EHadjective on y before nc jnWord forniMcuming or following cne 曰llie otiier：The team has had hve successive vicone. coni|jildtjuri;The cfo匚L/ment ws 匚om

13、pfled by the Departmeni ofcom pile something from/tor somethinq The repot w5 conipifed from 曰 survey of 000 house1 technics1 to put a set of instructions irto a computer in a form that it can understand and useB:Ecologists interested in thetiming of biological events or phenologyf ?!?l?d?物候 学研究生物自然现

14、象时间或者生态生物学的生态学者们timi ngUn.时机掌握;时间选择 Timing is the skill or action of judging the right momentin a situatio n or activity at which to do someth ing.His photo is a wonderful happy moment caught with perfect timing.他拍的照片时机掌握完美，记录下了动人的快乐瞬间If your timi ng is right, you may be fortun ate eno ugh to stumbl

15、e ?st?mbl across a village festival.如果你时机把握得好，你会幸运地 撞上某个乡村节日Un.时间安排 Timing is used to refer to the time at which something happens oris pla nned to happe n, or to the len gth of time that someth ing takes.The timing of the ministers visit, however, could somewhat detractd ?tr?kt from the goodwill it

16、s supposed to gen erate.但是，部长访问的时间安排不当，可能会有损访问的善意，使其不能得到有效传 达a small band of researchers一小部分研究者Cn.-COLL（）群； （一）帮； （一）伙 A band of people is a group of peoplewho have joined together because they share an in terest or belief.a small but growing band of Japanesecompanies taking their first steps into A

17、merica n publish ing.数量不多、但仍在增长的一批初次涉足美国出版业的日本公司And more systematic projects have also started up, producing soverwhelming ?v? ?velm/?| resp on se.与此同时，更多系统性的工作也已经展开，并创造了惊人的成果overwhel mingadj.极强烈的；势不可挡的；令人不知所措的If somethi ng is overwhelm in g, itaffects you very stron gly, and you do not know how to

18、deal with it.The task wont feel so overwhelming if you break it down into small, easy-to-accomplish steps.如果将这个任务细分为简单易行的若干步骤来做，便不会感到如此无所适从She felt an overwhel ming desire to have ano ther child.她一心想再要一个孩子adj.（数量）巨大的，压倒性的 You can use overwhelming to emphasize that an amount or qua ntity is much grea

19、ter tha n other amounts or qua ntities.The overwhel ming majority of small bus in esses go broke within the first twen ty-four mon ths.绝大多数小企业在头两年内就破产了The amount of interest is almost frightening .”“让人感兴趣的信息量简直多得惊人！”The number of youngsters invoIved in crime isfrightening . 年轻人犯罪的人数多得骇人the Cen ter f

20、or Ecologyi 永？l?d?i a nd Hydrologyha ?dr?l?d?i 生态与水文研究中心C:Closet?d?z? phenologistS“橱柜里的生态生物学家们”He now spends much of his time following leads from one historical data set to ano ther.现在他把大量的时间用来 追寻这些历史数据，从一个材料到另一个材料3 卜iiUiihr If euniycny fellows soniyoneloadr they do5mt as the ether person hatdonE：

21、Oiher counuies are lilteiy to ftiUttw r/）e U.S/skad.As news of his questkwest spreads, peopletip him off to other historical records, and more amateur phe no logists come out of their closets.这个消息不胫而走，其他人也不断给他提供一些类似材料的信息，越来越多的业余生态生物学家们也从他们的“橱柜”中走了出来questCn.（长期艰难的）追求，探索，寻找 A quest is a long and diffi

22、cult search for someth ing.My quest for a better bank continu es.我继续寻找一家更好的银行.his quest to find true love.他对真爱的不懈追寻tip somebody off给通风报信;暗中告知 If some one tips you off, they give you in formatio n about someth ing that has happe ned or is going to happe n.Greg tipped police off on his car phone about

23、 a suspect drunk driver.格雷格用他的汽车电话向警方报告了一个有酒后驾驶嫌疑的司机He was arrested two days later after a friend tipped off the FBI.他的一个朋友给美国联邦调查局报了信两天以后他就被捕了lip soincbvdv oil phrsai verbto qliE someone such as the police a secret viamfnci or piece of Information# especially about illegal 曰utiviti巳s;ihe poffeeJree

24、n tipped Qft,tip somebody off that右 His contact h&d tipped him off drugs were on the premises,tip somebody off alwut+ Did ycu trp him ofr about Gurnard?magnolia m?g ?i?i? tree木兰花树D:Other researchers haveinearthed ?n?: 0 data from equally odd sources.其他研究人员也从这类独特的资源中发掘出了有价值的数据un earthv.发现； 揭露 If some

25、 one un earths facts or evide nee about somethi ng bad, they discover them with difficulty, usually because they were being kept secret or were being lied about.Researchershave unearthed documents indicating her responsibility for the forced adopti on of childre n.调查人员已经发现了证明她对强制收养儿童事件负有责任的文件The fra

26、uds have been unearthed by investigators working for the Camden Health Authority.这些欺诈行为已被卡姆登卫生局的调查人员揭露了出来.the un earth ing of a plot toassass in ate?/s?s/ne/t the Preside nt.行刺总统的阴谋的曝光v.发掘，挖掘（埋藏物）If some one un earths someth ing that is buried, they findit by digg ing in the ground.Fossil hun ters h

27、ave un earthed the bones of an elepha nt believed to be 500,000 years old.化石搜集者们发掘出了一具大象骨骼，据信距今已有50万年.say ing that the treasure had bee n un earthed on his property.称宝藏是在他家地里挖掘出来的More huma n rema ins have bee n un earthed in the n orth.北部又挖掘出了更多的人体 遗骸v.找到，发现（隐藏或丢失之物）If you say that someone has unear

28、thedsomething, you mean that they have found it after it had been hidden or lost for some time.From somewhere, he had un earthed a black silk suit.他不知从哪里找来了一套黑色的丝绸衣服Today I unearthed a copy of 90 Minutes andhad a chuckle ?:?kl at your article.今天我找到了一期90分钟杂志，读了你的文章 咯咯笑了半天Participants attempt to guess

29、 the exact time at which a specially erected?Tekt wooden tripod ?ra ?）?d Cn.三脚架 will fall through the surface of a thawing 0 ?: river.这长度赛事在正在融化的河面上搭建一种特殊的三脚架，参与者要猜出她倒在河 面上的精确时间erectv.建造;建筑;设置 If people erect something such as a building, bridge, or barrier, they build it or create it.FORMAL 正式Oppos

30、iti on ?p?f?i dem on strators have erectedbarricades in roads lead ing to the parliament ? al?m?nt building.反对派示威者已经在通往国会大厦的道路上设置了路障The building was erected in 1900-1901.这座建筑建于1900到1901年间We all unconsciously erect barriers againsihtimacy ?ht?n?si Un.我们都会无意中对他人的亲近、亲密有所设防v.建立（体制9 ）;创建（机构）;创立（理论）If you

31、 erect a system, a theory, or an in stituti on, you create it.JapanesqDroprietorspr ?）ra?t?（r） are erecting a complex infrastructure ?nfr ?str ?kt ?（r） of political in flue nee throughout America.日本商人、业主正在美国各地建立复杂的、具有政治影响力的基础结构He erected a newdoctrine ?d?ktr ?1 of precedent?）res?l?nt n.他创立了一套新的 判例、先

32、例、前例原则、信条、主义、学说、 （尤指）宗教教 义；（尤指政府外交政策的）正式声明.the whole edifice空d?Cn. of free trade which has been erected since the Second World War.第二次世界大战以来形成的 整个自由贸易体系thawv.（冰雪等）融化，融解，解冻 When ice, snow, or something else that is frozen thaws, it melts.Its so cold the snow does nt get a cha nee to thaw.天太冷了，雪根本化不了T

33、he ground has thawed.地面解冻了Cn.（通常指冬末的）解冻时节，天气回暖期 A thaw is a period of warmer weather whe n snow and ice melt, usually at the end of win ter.We sloggedsl?g through themudm ?d of an early spring thaw.我们在初春解冻时节的 泥泞中艰难行进v.（使）（冷冻食品）解冻，融化 When you thaw frozen food or when it thaws, you leave it in a place

34、 where it can reach room temperature so that it is ready for use. Always thaw pastry巾etri thoroughly ?0 ?r?li.每次都要保证油酥面团彻底解冻The food in the freezer had thawed duri ng a power cut.冰箱里的食物在停电期间化开了Thaw out means the same as thaw .I remember to thaw out the chicken before I leave home.我记着出门前把鸡肉化开v.&Cn.（使

35、）（关系）回暖，缓和，改善 If someth ing thaws relatio ns between people or if relations thaw, they become friendly again after a period of being unfrien dly.At least this sec ond meet ing had helped to thaw the atmosphere.这第二次会议至少起到了缓和气氛的作用It took up to Christmas for political relations to thaw.直到圣诞节政治关系才有所改善Hi

36、s visit is one of the most striking ?stra*7|adj. results of the thaw in relations betwee n East and West.他的访问是东西方关系缓和的最 突出的、引人注目的、异乎寻常的、显著的成果 之一The competition has taken place annually on the Tenana River in Alaska since 1917, and analysis of the results showed that the thaw now arrives five days ea

37、rlier than it did whe n the con test bega n.在阿拉斯加Tenana河畔，这场比赛自1917年以来每年举办一届，通过研究这一比赛的结果可以发现，现在这条河流开始融化的日期比比赛诞生时早了 5天E:a raftr aftCn. of natural events很多自然现象the emergenceim?:d?nsUn.出现;兴起 of butterflies from hibernation 蝴蝶羽化期emerge nee vs emerge ncyemerge neeemerge ncyCn.紧急事件;意外事件；（尤指）事故Together with

38、 models of climate change, amateurs records could help guide con servatio n ? ns?0e?n.业余爱好者们的记录与气候变化模型可以帮助指导环境保护con servati onUn.（对环境的）保护 Conservation is saving and protecting the environment.a four-n ati on regi onal meet ing on elepha nt con servati on.四国保护大象的地区性会议.tree-pla nting and other con ser

39、vati on projects.植树以及其他环保计划Un.（对文物或艺术品的）保护 Conservation is saving and protecting historical objects or works of art such as paintin gs, sculptures, or build in gs.Then he began his most famous work, the conservation andebinding of the Book of Kells.之后他就开始了他最为出名的工作，即保护并重新装订凯尔斯书Un.节约;防止浪费 The conserva

40、tion of a supply of something is the careful use of it so that it lasts for a long jects aimed at promoti ng en ergy con servati on.旨在促进节约能源的计划.rules concerning the con servati on ofishery resources.有关保护渔业资源的规定Terry Root has collected birdwatchers counts of wildfowl ?wa?dfa?lPn. taken betwee

41、n 1995 and 1996 onseasonal ponds in the American Midwest .Terry Root收集了 1955年到1996年间鸟类观察者在 美国中西部季节性池塘 中所 做的野禽记录、计数Her analysis shows that the increaseddroughtsdra ?t that the models predict could halveh av the breeding populations at the ponds.经他分析发现，未来干旱气候将会增加，这一预测结果意味着池塘附近生物的繁 殖量将会减半Halvev.把减半;减至到

42、一半 When you halve something or when it halves, it is reduced to half its previous size or amount.Dr Lee believes that men who exercise can halve their risk of can cer ofthe colon ? ?l?n.李医生相信，锻炼身体能使患 结肠癌的风险降低一半The work force has bee n halved in two years.劳动力在两年里减少了一半v.将对半分;把二等分 If you halve somethin

43、g, you divide it into two equal parts.Halve the pin eapple an dscoop out the in side with a spo on.将菠萝对半切开，用 勺子挖出里面的果肉the number of waterfowl ?v?:t?a?l Cn.-COLL 水禽数量F:an ope nsno wdrop ?sn? ?dr?p雪花莲的开放The biggest concern with ad hoc?d ?i?k observations is how carefully and systematically they were t

44、aken”“特殊观察最重要的是如何细致并系统地进行”ad hocadj.（形势所需而）临时安排的，特别的，专门的An ad hoc activity ororganization is done or formed only because a situation has made it necessary and is not pla nned in adva nee.The Coun cil meets on an ad hoc basis to discuss problems.议会临时安排会议讨论问题.ad hoc committees to exam ine specific pro

45、blems.研究具体问题的专门委员会Ino ted whe n the leavescame out.”“我记录了叶子掉落的时间”I if son nettling comes out, it Is removed from a place:眾 These stdins will never come oat!II if a flower comes ouj it opens: The snowdrops were just: staiting to come out:*Measuri ng the on set? nset of autu mn can be particularlyprob

46、lematic r?bl?n?t k because deciding when leaves change color is a more subjectives ?b?d?ekt/V process tha n no ti ng whe n the归ppear.测量秋天的到来可能就很困难，因为确定叶子何时变黄比确定它什么时候 发芽要 主观得多the on set ofSn.（尤指不快之事的）开始，开端，肇始 The on set of somethi ng is the begi nning of it, used especially to refer to someth ing un

47、pleasa nt.Most of the passes have bee n closed with the on set of win ter.冬天来临，大部分关口均已关闭With the on set of war, oil prices climbed past $30 aarrel ?D?r ?l.战争一爆发，油价就攀过了每桶30美元G:They get at theraw power of scie nee: careful observati on of the n atural world. “他们具有淳朴的科学力量：细致地观察了自然世界”But the professi on

48、 als also ack no wledge?k?n?l?i? the n eed for careful quality con trol.但是专家们也清楚需要仔细考量记录的质量professi onalprofession刑 noun countablelMarti伽圖1 suiTione who earns money by doing d job, spuft, or detivity tliaL nmny other peuplt do just foi fun f dnidteiir:*： Hurd signed as a professional in top snooker

49、professionsi. soiiKune 7/ho vhmks in a job th占t nedseducation and training, such as d doctoiklawyer, or architect:/jeaAh/frrj/tssioriijfc （doctor（2ti_）3 someone who has a lot of expeifence and does scriiething very skilfully:Vou sing like 活 rpi pmfpsinnai4 rcnnis/qolf/swimminq etc profnionnl someone

50、 who Is very good at a sport and Is employed b# a private dub to teach its membersack no wledgeat knowl -edge 圣 圧 门址 nckd $ -n/i：-/* verb rtransitfveFenii Word。呵门 Jerb fcini1 （n admit or accept that something is true or ttiat a situation exists:*-j The family acknowledge the need for change.ckniiwIr

51、lijF thatHe acknuw/etJges fftac hen hes tired he t/ets bad Cefnpered. Clairethst she was QurKy.The geve/nmenl: must: acknowledge is happening and do something about: ft.屮you arer she QnQW怕ggThis 用 a fitcr that most: smokers mrdiR cknowlrdfjeRoot, for example, tries to gauge ge?i? the quality of an a

52、mateur archive ?aka ? by in terviewi ng its collector.比如，Root就准备和记录收集者进行面谈，来 检测一份民间记录的可靠性gaugegaugeJ-4 -ID verb transit廿Erb fuEI to judge how peopilo Feel ahoutr sompthfrg cr what they are likely to do qauqe whether what/how etc* It is difficult co gauge whet Che other paftyJs next: move wil! be.如 I

53、 looked dt Chfisf tiying tohis reacLionr? to mAasurp or calculate sorYiPthing by using d psrtlcuir instriimcnt or method:Thequqo ffte rpmpefttm and conrro! the hecarchiveCn.档案;史料;记录;档案馆 The archive or archives are a collection of documents and records that contain historical information. You can als

54、o use archives to refer to the place where archives are stored.the archives of thelmperial ?n?)/?ri ?l War Museum.帝国战争博物馆里的档案I decided I would go to the Archive the n ext day and look up the appropriate issue. 我决定第二天去档案馆查找对应的问题You always have to worry things as trivial ?tr?/i ?l as vacations can aff

55、ect measurement. Idisregard ?dr他 ad a lot of records because thee not rigorous ? ?j?r?s e nough ”“你总是会担心一一诸如度假之类的琐碎事情都会影响数据的准确性，我之所以有很多记录不采用，就是因为它们不够准确”trivialadj.琐碎的;不重要的;微不足道的 If you describe something as trivial, you think that it is uni mporta nt and not serious.The director tried to wave aside these issues as trivi