丘吉尔演讲speech-on-Hitler's-invasion-of-the-USSR

1、1 2 Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer- Churchill was a British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century and served as Prime Minister twice (194045 and 1

2、95155). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist. He is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and was the first person to be made an Honorary Citizen of the United States. 是英国政客和政治家

3、，他领 导英国在第二次世界大战期 间的。 他被广泛认为是本世 纪最伟大的战时领导人之一， 并作为担任总理两次（ 1940 - 45 及 1951 - 55 ）。 一 位著名的政治家和演说家， 丘吉尔人员在英国的军队， 一个历史学家，作家和艺术 家。 他是唯一有获得诺贝尔 文学奖 的英国首相，而且是 第一人，美国名誉公民。 3 Personal details Born: 30 November 1874 Died: 24 January 1965 (aged 90) Spouse (s): Clementine Churchill (m. 19081965) Children : Diana

4、Churchill Randolph Churchill Sarah Tuchet-Jesson Marigold Churchill Mary Soames Relations Lord Randolph Churchill (father) Lady Randolph Churchill (mother) John Strange Spencer-Churchill (brother) Pamela Harriman (former daughter- in-law) Winston Churchill (grandson) 4 Family and Early life Churchil

5、l was born into the aristocratic family of the Dukes of Marlborough. His father, Lord Randolph Churchill was a charismatic politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer; his mother Jenny Jerome, an American socialite. Because of the lack of parental contact, he became very close to his nanny,

6、 Elizabeth Anne Everest, whom he used to call Old Woom. 5 Education He was educated at three independent schools: St. Georges School, Ascot, Brunswick School in Hove and then at Harrow School from 17 April 1888, where his military career began. After Churchill left Harrow in 1893, he applied to atte

7、nd the Royal Military College, Sandhurst Winston Churchill graduated from the royal military academy at sandhurst in 1894. Churchill in military uniform in 1895 6 A young Winston Churchill on a lecture tour of the United States in 1900 Churchill in military uniform in 1895 7 Early Political career C

8、hurchill with the Royal Scots Fusiliers, 1916 8 Churchills election poster for the 1900 general election. He contested Oldham, and won one of the seats. After the Whitsun recess in 1904 he crossed the floor to sit as a member of the Liberal Party. When the Liberals took office with Henry Campbell-Ba

9、nnerman as prime minister, in December 1905, Churchill became Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies dealing mainly with South Africa after the Boer War. When Campbell-Bannerman was succeeded by Herbert Henry Asquith in 1908, Churchill was promoted to the Cabinet as President of the Board of Trad

10、e In 1910, he was promoted to Home Secretary In 1911, Churchill was transferred to the office of the First Lord of the Admiralty, a post he held into the First World War. In 1915, he resigned from the government, remaining an MP 9 In March 1916, Churchill returned to England after he had become rest

11、less in France and wished to speak again in the House of Commons. In July 1917, Churchill was appointed Minister of Munitions In 1919, Secretary of State for War and Secretary of State for Air 10 Winston Churchill (highlighted) at Sidney Street, 3 January 1911 丘吉尔（圆圈者）在1911 年1月3日到现场视察锡得 尼街之围 In earl

12、y January 1911, Churchill made a controversial visit to the Siege of Sidney Street in London. There is some uncertainty as to whether he attempted to give operational commands, and his presence attracted much criticism. 11 First term as prime minister On 10 May 1940, hours before the German invasion

13、 of France by a lightning advance through the Low Countries, it became clear that, following failure in Norway, the country had no confidence in Chamberlains prosecution of the war and so Chamberlain resigned. The commonly accepted version of events states that Lord Halifax turned down the post of p

14、rime minister because he believed he could not govern effectively as a member of the House of Lords instead of the House of Commons. Although the prime minister does not traditionally advise the King on the formers successor, Chamberlain wanted someone who would command the support of all three majo

15、r parties in the House of Commons. A meeting between Chamberlain, Halifax, Churchill and David Margesson, the government Chief Whip, led to the recommendation of Churchill, and, as a constitutional monarch, George VI asked Churchill to be prime minister. Churchills first act was to write to Chamberl

16、ain to thank him for his support. 12 After the Conservative Party lost the 1945 election , he became Leader of the Opposition。 保守党失去了1945年 大选后，他成为反对 党领袖 。 Churchill at Potsdam, July 1945 13 Second term as prime minister After the General Election of 1951, Churchill again held the office of Minister

17、of Defence between October 1951 and January 1952. He also became prime minister in October 1951, and his third governmentafter the wartime national government and the brief caretaker government of 1945lasted until his resignation in April 1955. 14 Honours he was the first person to become an Honorar

18、y Citizen of the United States. Churchill received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953 for his numerous published works, especially his six-volume set The Second World War. In a 2002 BBC poll of the 100 Greatest Britons, he was proclaimed The Greatest of Them All based on approximately a million v

19、otes from BBC viewers. Churchill was also rated as one of the most influential leaders in history by TIME. Churchill College, Cambridge was founded in 1958 to memorialise him. 15 Honorary degrees University of Rochester (LLD) in 1941227 Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts (LLD) in 1943 Mc

20、Gill University in Montreal, Canada (LLD) in 1944 Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri 5 March 1946 Leiden University in Leiden, Netherlands, honorary doctorate in 1946228 University of Miami in Miami, Florida in 1947 University of Copenhagen in Copenhagen, Denmark (PhD) in 1950 16 17 01 Never, n

21、ever, never, never give up. 永远，永远，永远，永远都不要放弃。 02 The whole history of the world is summed up in the fact that, when nations are strong, they are not always just, and when they wish to be just, they are no longer strong. 世界历史可以总结为：当一个国家强大的时候，它并不总是公正的。而当它试 图去变得公正时，它就不再强大。 03 Courage is going from fail

22、ure to failure without losing enthusiasm. 勇气就是不断失败，而不丧失热情。 04 This is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning. 这不是结束。这甚至不是结束的开始。但，这可能是开始的结束。 05 I like a man who grins when he fights. 我喜欢微笑着战斗的人。 06 True genius resides in the capacity for eva

23、luation of uncertain, hazardous, and conflicting information. 真正的才华体现在对未知、危险和矛盾的信息的判断之中。 07 Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen. 站起来说话需要勇气。坐下倾听同样需要。 08 Study history, study history. In history lies all the secrets of statecraft. 学习历史，学习历史。历史中有一切治国之道。 18 09 Success is going from