人教版八年级英语下册《现在完成时》课件_4

1、 现在完成时现在完成时 主菜单上一页下一页 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法 现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语 短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系 have been 与与have gone 比较比较 与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较 一一.构成：构成： 由助动词由助动词 构成构成 Ive finished my homework. 否定句否定句 : 一般疑问句一般疑问句 have（has）+过去分词过去分词 have/has+not. He has not come yet. 把把have/has提到主语前提到主语前

2、. Have you ever ridden a horse? 二二.过去分词中的不规则变化：过去分词中的不规则变化： am/is are begin- break- do draw drink- drive eat- fall- fly- forget- give- go- grow- hide- know- lie- ride- ring- show- see- sing- speak- take- come- run- become- -was-been -were-been began-begun broke-broken -did-done-drew-drawn drank-drun

3、k -drove-driven ate-eatenfell-fallen flew-flown forgot-forgotten gave-givenwent-gone grew-grown hid-hidden knew-known lay-lain rode-ridden rang-rung showed-shown saw-seen sang-sungspoke-spoken took-takencame-come ran runbecame-become 三三.用法用法 1. 表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have just

4、cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。我刚洗过衣服。 （“洗衣服洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是 “衣服干净了衣服干净了”） I have just had my breakfast. (对现在的影响：不饿对现在的影响：不饿) 通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just（刚刚）（刚刚）, already（已经）（已经）, before（以前）（以前）, yet（一般疑问：已经；否定句：还）（一般疑问：已经；否定句：还） never, ever等状语连用等状语连用 I have never hea

5、rd of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just finished my homework. He has not come yet. 2. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可 能继续持续下去。通常和能继续持续下去。通常和 for+段时间段时间, since 引导的时引导的时 间状语连

6、用间状语连用.以及以及 so far, by now, these days, in the last ten years 等连用。等连用。 He has worked here since 1989. I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years? for 和since 1. for+时间段时间段 I ha

7、ve taught here for 16 years. 1）. since+时间点时间点 2. since的用法分三种情况的用法分三种情况 They have lived here since 2001. 2). since+时间段时间段+ago They have lived here since 20 years ago. 3). since+从句（一般过去时态）从句（一般过去时态） They have lived here since they came to the city. 1.Ten years has passed since he came to the city. 注意以

8、下句式注意以下句式 自从他到这个城市，十年已经过去。自从他到这个城市，十年已经过去。 2.It is ten years since he came to the city. 选用选用forfor和和sincesince填空填空: : 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the factory _ 10 years ago.2.His father has been in the factory _ 10 yea

9、rs ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we me

10、t last time6. Its five years _ we met last time forfor sincesince forfor sincesince forfor sincesince 注意点一：注意点一： 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较 现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去 的时间状语连用。的时间状语连用。 如：如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等等 试比较：试比较： The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。飞机已经来

11、了。 （说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿） The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去） I have seen the film. I saw the film last week. He has lived here since 1993. He lived here in 1993. Put the following sentences into English. 1. A: 火车已经开走了火车已经开走了. B: 什么时候开走的什么时候开走的

12、? A: 半个小时之前开走的半个小时之前开走的. 2. A: 你看过这部电影吗你看过这部电影吗? B: 看过看过. A: 什么时候看的什么时候看的. B: 上周星期天看的上周星期天看的. A: The train has left. B: When did it leave？ A: Half an hour ago. A: Have you seen the film? B: Yes, I have. A: When did you see it? B: I saw it last Sunday. 注意点二、非延续性动词与现在完成时注意点二、非延续性动词与现在完成时 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句

13、中不能与时间段连用，这些短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些 动词是：动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等。等。 为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have， keep等来代替非延续性动词。等来代替非延续性动词。 他入党五年了。他入党五年了。He joined the Party five years ago . He has been in the Party fo

14、r five years. He has been a Party member for five years. It is five years since he joined the Party 1.直接转化成延续性动词直接转化成延续性动词 buy catch (get) a cold borrow/lend come/go /become have have a cold keep be 瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换 2.转换成转换成be+名词名词/介词短语介词短语 join the army join the Party go to school be a so

15、ldier be a Party member be a student be in school / be in the Party arrive/come/reachbe/stay in /at +地点地点 3.转换成转换成be+形容词或副词形容词或副词 die finish begin/start leave fall asleep/ill close open be dead be over be on be away from ( be asleep/ill be closed be open go out be out get upbe up e.g.他自从他自从1985就参军了。

16、就参军了。 has been a soldier has been in the army 4.去掉短语中的结束性动词去掉短语中的结束性动词 get to know begin to study come to work know study work e.g.自从十年前我就认识他。自从十年前我就认识他。 I have known him since ten years ago. 电影开始五分钟了电影开始五分钟了 The film began five minutes ago. The film has been on for five minutes. It is five minutes

17、since the film began 终止性动词的现在完成时终止性动词的现在完成时否定式否定式已成已成 为一种可延续性状态为一种可延续性状态,因此可以和表一因此可以和表一 段时间的时间状语连用段时间的时间状语连用 如：如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。 He hasnt left here since 1985. 自从自从1985年年,他就没离开过这他就没离开过这. ( ) ( )

18、 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) I have bought a new dictionary for a week. I have had a new dictionary for a week. 我买一本新词典已有一星期了。我买一本新词典已有一星期了。 They have come here for two days. They have been here for two days. 他们来这儿已经两天了。他们来这儿已经两天了。 He has joined the League member for two years. He has been a League memb

19、er for two years. 他已入团两年了。他已入团两年了。 The man has been dead for several years. The man has died for several years. 这个人已经死了几年了。这个人已经死了几年了。 1.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks. ( ) 2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.( ) A B C A B C B kept B been on 3. 这辆自行车我买了两年了。这辆自行车我买了两年了。 Ive _ the bike _ two year

20、s. 4. He left Nanjing two years ago. He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years. 5. The monkey died last month. The monkey _ _ _ for a month. 6. A: Hong long _ you _ ( ) B: Two weeks. A.did,get ill B. have,fallen ill C. were,ill D. have,been ill had for has been away from has been dead D 注意点三：注意点三：have been i

21、n, have been to 与与have gone to 的用法的用法 1、have (has) been in 表示表示“在某地（多长时在某地（多长时 间）间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间 的状语连用。例如：的状语连用。例如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗来上海已经有三天了。布朗来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他他 们到加拿大有五年了。们到加拿大有五年了。 2、have( has)been to表示表示“曾经去

22、过某地曾经去过某地”， 现在已经不在那里了。可与现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never 等连用，例如：等连用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。我刚才去邮局了。 Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。玛丽从未去过长城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾经去过杭州吗？你以前曾经去过杭州吗？ have (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过后面可接次数，表示去过 某地几次。例如：某地几次。例如

23、： They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 3、have (has) gone to 意为意为“到某地去了到某地去了”， 表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之， 说话时该人不在现场，例如：说话时该人不在现场，例如： -Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。他到书店去了。 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。约翰逊到伦敦去了。 用用h

24、ave been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空 1.Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year. 2.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop. 3._ you ever _ to Kunming ? Never. 4.Where _ you _ these days? 5.Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. 6.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.

25、7.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you. have been in has gone to have been Have been has been has gone have been 一看时间状语一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去。如果句中没有表示过去 确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如 果有，则只能用一般过去时。如：果有，则只能用一般过去时。如： I have visited the factory. I visited the factory last year. 二看句首有无疑问词。二看

26、句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做如果笼统地问人家做 过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完现在完 成时成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、 用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要 用用一般过去时一般过去时。如：。如： Have you had your breakfast?Yes, I have. When did you have it? At seven thirty. 注意：注意： 这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。 否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如：否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如： How many words have you learned by heart? How did you learn them by heart? 三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果。如果 表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选 用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是 瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如： He has been