知识讲解 Unit 1 British and American English语言点

1、Unit 1 British and American English语言点学习目标重点词汇differ, remark, steady/steadily, variety, present, common, while, confuse/confusing, attempt, obvious, omit重点短语refer toas, pick up, as much as, more than, get around, have difficulty (in) doing sth., thanks to. 重点句型It doesnt make much of a difference whe

2、ther a teacher speaks British or American English.You find sb./ oneself/ sth.知识讲解重点词汇differ【原句回放】The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.另外两种语言的不同之处体现在拼写和发音上。【点拨】differ v. 与不同Chinese differs greatly from Japanese in pronunciation.汉语与日语在发音上有很大区别。【拓展】differ

3、 from 与不同differ in 在方面不同differ with sb. 与（某人）不一致，意见不一致Men differ in habits.人们在习惯方面都各有不同。She differs from her sister in character.她在性格方面与姐姐不同。Tom differed with his friend about the plan.汤姆就这个计划与他的朋友不同。remark【原句回放】When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and th

4、e Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences. 当爱尔兰作家萧伯纳讲那句名言-英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个民族-的时候，他显然想到了它们的区别。【点拨】remark对发表评论make / pass remarks on / about【拓展1】remark on / uponn. 评论，评述，注意He only made a few remarks on the subject at the meeting.他在会上就那个话

5、题只谈了几句。She could hear the other girls making rude remarks about her.她能听见其他女孩子对她不客气的评价。v. 谈到，说起Everyone remarked on his absence. 大家对他的缺席议论纷纷。【拓展2】remarkable adj. 值得注意的，不同寻常的He has made remarkable progress in English.他在英语学习方面取得了显著的进步。The city is remarkable for its beautiful scenery这座城市以其优美的景色而著称。remar

6、kably adv.A Benz car is remarkably expensive.奔驰车相当的贵。steadily/ steady【原句回放】For more than a century communications across the Atlantic have developed steadily. 长达一个多世纪，跨越大西洋的交流一直稳步发展。【点拨】steady adj. 持续的，不断的steadily adv. 不断地，持续地at a steady rate or pace 以稳定的速度或步伐The production of their factory goes ste

7、adily upward.他们工厂的产量稳步上升。A full cup must be carried steadily.谚语：器满则溢（指人在得意时，不要忘乎所以）。【拓展】steadiness n. 持续性；稳定性variety 【原句回放】The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.另外两种语言的不同之处体现在拼写和发音上。【点拨】variety n. 变换花样；品种，变种/异a variety of/ varieties of 各种各样的，多种多样的【拓展】va

8、ry vi & vt (会)变化；彼此相异，各不相同 varied adj. 各种各样的 (形形色色的)various adj. 各种不同的，多种多样的 variation n. 变动；改变；变奏曲present【原句回放】The two varieties present the same meaning. 两种变体呈现了相同的意思。【点拨】presentvt. 颁发，赠送；陈述；呈现，介绍n. 礼物；现在 adj. 出席的，在场的；现在的，现存的【拓展】present sth. to sb./present sb. with sth. 向某人赠送(展示、表达)某物at present 目前

9、，现在for the present 目前，眼下；暂且be present at 在场，到场common【原句回放】We have really everything in common with America nowadays，except of course，language当然除了语言之外。我们现在与美国的确有许多共同之处。【点拨】common adj. 普遍的，常见的；共同的，公共的； n.共同点，共同之处Today smog is a common occurrence in many major cities.如今烟雾在许多大城市已是司空见惯的事。Love is our comm

10、on language.爱是我们共同的语言。常见搭配：与have.in common相关的搭配：have sth. in common有共同之处have nothing in common没有共同之处have a lot in common有许多共同之处have(a) little in common几乎没有(有)共同之处dont have much in common没有多少共同点与common的其他搭配：in common公有的，共有的，共同的in common with和一样out of the common异乎寻常，不平常hold sth. in common共同拥有某物【拓展】com

11、mon有名词、形容词两种词性。common，ordinary，usual与normal的区别：common指为许多人或事物所共同具备因而常见。ordinary指由于与一般事物的性质或标准相同，因而显得平常，无奇特之处。usual指在某一地方或某一时间内所常见的，往往指常用的东西，或常发生的事情。normal同usual和regular，意为“正常的，正规的，标准的”。while【原句回放】Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, its a torch美国人把手电简称为flashlight，而英国人则叫它torch。【点拨】while

12、在本句中用作连词，(表示对比)意为“而，然而”。You like tennis, while Id rather read.你爱打网球，而我爱看书。Our country has plenty of oil, while yours has none.我们国家有大量的石油，而你们国家则没有。【拓展1】while用作连词：(1)意为“的时候”。While in Vienna he studied music. 他在维也纳时学习音乐。While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel.这

13、时两个侦探把着门，另外两个打开包裹。(2)表让步，意为“虽然，但是”。While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you.虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。(3)表递进，意为“而且，更有甚者”。They are having trouble at home，while abroad things are even worse.他们在国内困难重重，而在国外情况更为糟糕。【拓展2】while还可用作名词，表示“一会儿”。A short while ago, however, he became a bus driver and he ha

14、s not regretted it.然而，不久前他当了一名公共汽车驾驶员，他一点儿都不后悔。常用短语：all the while始终；once in a while偶尔，间或；for a while=for a short time暂时，一时；after a while过了一会儿；in a short while不一会儿confuse/confusing【原句回放】Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning，which can be confusing.有时候，同一个单词在意义上一点细微的差别就让人很困惑。【点拨】conf

15、use v.把(某人)弄糊涂，使迷惑；使为难；把(某事物)搞乱，打乱，混淆；使含糊They confused me by asking so many questions.他们提了一大堆问题，把我都弄糊涂了。This construction should not be confused with the regular passive.这种句法结构不可与规则变化的被动语态混淆。【拓展】confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；混杂的，不清楚的All your changes of plan have made me totally confused你把计划改来改去，我都糊涂了。confus

16、ing adj. 莫名其妙的，令人迷惑的The instructions on the box are very confusing盒子上的使用说明含混不清。confusion n. 困惑；混乱，杂乱；混淆He is gazing in confusion at the strange sight.他正困惑地盯着眼前奇异的景象。attempt【原句回放】Can you see any similarities between Websters work and attempts to simplify Chinese? 你能看出韦伯斯特的工作和尝试简化汉语的相似之处吗?【点拨】attempt

17、v. n. 努力；尝试；试图；企图。常用短语：at ones first attempt 某人第一次尝试make an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事He made an attempt to pass the exam, but it was too difficult.他试图通过考试，但考试太难了。I passed my driving test at the first attempt.我的汽车驾驶执照一次就通过了。I will attempt to answer all your questions.我将努力回答你的全部问题。obvious 【原句回放】The fir

18、st and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. 最明显的方式就是体现在词汇上。【点拨】obvious adj.明显的；显然的 It was quite obvious to everyone that she was not going home.很明显，她没有回家。【拓展1】be obvious to sb. 对某人来说很清楚It is obvious / clear that 显然obviously adv. 用于句首，修饰全句Obviously, he cant tell differences between them.显然，他说不出他们之间

19、的区别。【拓展2】obvious，指极为明显的、大家都能够看见的事情，强调不需要说明或论证。clear，清楚的，明白的，既可以指事物清晰易见，也可以指人对事物清楚明白，强调不会引起误会。omit【原句回放】The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them( Ill see you Monday; Write me soon!). 英国人使用介词而美国人却经常省略，比如以下两个句子：星期一见；快点给我写信。【点拨】omit v. 漏掉Please dont omit any details.请别漏掉细节。Be car

20、eful not to omit anyones name from the list. 注意别漏掉单子上的任何一个名字。【拓展1】omit to do sth. 忘记做某事omit doing sth. 忘记做某事I omitted to clean the blackboard.我忘了擦黑板了。Tom omitted to mention that he was married.汤姆忘了提及他已经结过婚了。【拓展2】omission n. 遗漏 a glaring omission一个明显的遗漏重点短语refer to.as.【原句回放】The Chinese refer to their

21、 language as Han, as it became popular among the peopleduring the Hart Dynasty. 中国人把他们的语言称作汉语，因为它在汉朝时开始在民众中盛行【点拨】refer to.as. 把称作Thats why Marxists refer to their type of movement as scientific socialism.那就是马克思主义者把这种运动称作科学社会主义运动的原因。常用短语：refer.to 表示“把送交；把归(因)于”(其中refer是及物动词)He referred the case to th

22、e High Court.他把案子提交给高级法庭处理。表示“涉及”（其中refer是不及物动词）No one referred to yesterdays quarrel谁也没有提昨天吵架的事。表示“把称为”Dont always refer to me as “sir”.不要总是称我“先生”。【拓展】refer to 还有下列用法：表示“谈到”He referred to his experiences in Italy.他谈到了他在意大利的经历。表示“指”When she said some people cheated in/on exam, she wasnt referring to

23、 you.当她说有人在考试中作弊时，指的并不是你。表示“参考”Refer to your dictionary when you meet new words.遇到生词时请查词典。注意：refer的过去式、过去分词以及现在分词应双写r，再加词尾。refer to a dictionary还可表示为look up a word in a dictionary。refer to中的to为介词。pick up【原句回放】If Callum picked up the local accent he started to use it. 如果凯乐姆学会了当地的口音，他就开始使用它。【点拨】pick u

24、p(1)捡起Please pick up the paper on the ground.请捡起地上的纸。(2)改良；进步With time going on, our business is picking up.随着时间的推移，我们的生意逐渐有了好转。He is picking up day by day with the help of the doctors.在医生的帮助下他在一天天的康复。(3)增加He is picking up speed.他正在加速。(4)获得How did you pick up the information?你是如何获取这些信息的?(5)接纳The bus

25、 stopped to pick up the passengers.车停下来让乘客上车。(6)收听My radio can pick up France.我的收音机可收听法国广播。as much as 【原句回放】After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them. 毕竟，两个国家境内的口音差别可能跟两国之间的差别一样多。【点拨】as much as意思是“多达，之多”，asas中间常接形容词或副词原形，即as + adj. / adv

26、. + as。The cost of travelling to Europe is as much as 50,000 yuan.去欧洲旅游的费用高达50000元。注意：as.as.在否定句中也可将第一个as换成so，表示“多达”；as.as.还可以用于倍数的表达；也可以表示比较，意思是“像一样”。Tom is as tall as I.汤姆跟我一样高。Mike is not so clever as his sister.迈克不如他姐姐聪明。Their room is four times as large as ours.他们的房问是我们的四倍大。【拓展】as much + nu+as

27、和一样多的as many + n. (pl.)+as 和一样多的as + adj. + a(n) + n. (v. -ing)+as 和一样as much/many as 多达as long as 长达；只要as far as 远达；就而论 more than 【原句回放】For more than a century communications across the Atlantic have developed steadily.一个多世纪以来，大西洋两岸的交流一直在稳定发展。【点拨】more than+数词，意为“以上，多于；有余”。More than 20 club members

28、attended the meeting.有20多个俱乐部成员出席会议。more than+名词，意为“不只，不仅仅”。Peace is much more than the absence of war.和平不仅仅是意味着没有战争。more than+形容词或副词，意为“非常，十分；更加；岂止”。He is more than selfish.他非常自私。I am more than happy to hear that.听到那我非常高兴。Her performance was more than good；it was perfect.她的表演岂止是好，简直是完美无缺。more than+

29、动词，意为“十分；大大地；不仅仅”。He more than smiled; he laughed outright.他不仅仅是微笑，他简直是大笑了。more thancan/could，意为“不能”。The beauty of Hangzhou is more than words can describe.杭州的美简直是无法用语言来形容。get around【原句回放】As a tourist, you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York，or maybe you will prefer

30、to get around the town by taxi(British)or cab(American). 作为游客，你在伦敦要乘的地铁叫underground，而在纽约要乘的地铁叫subway；也许你更喜欢乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游览城市。【点拨】get around(=get about) 四处走动，(消息)传播，逃避。He likes to get around the whole town on his bicycle.他喜欢骑着自行车在整个城里四处转悠。 Bad news gets around quickly.(谚)好事不出门，坏事传千里。She gets ar

31、ound with the help of a stick.她拄着拐杖四处走动News soon got around that he had resigned.他辞职的消息很快传开了。He tried to get around the police but failed, and got caught. 他试图避开警察，结果还是被抓了。 have difficulty(in)doing 【原句回放】A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yor

32、ker. 伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。【点拨】difficulty在此短语中是不可数名词，前面可以用much，some，a lot of，a little，little，no等对其进行修饰。He had no difficulty(in) finding my home.他没有费劲就找到了我的家。Do you have any difficulty(in)passing the exam?通过这次考试你有困难吗?【拓展】in在以下短语中也常可省略：waste timemoneyenergy(in) doing sth. 浪费时间金钱能量做某事spend.(in)

33、 doing sth. 花做某事be busy(in) doing sth. 忙于做某事have difficulty(in) doing sth. 做某事有困难，difficulty可换成trouble，problems。 thanks to 【原句回放】For Americans things are a little bit easier，thanks to the work of Noah Webster，a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778对于美国人来说，事情(单词拼写)就稍微容易些，这多亏了一位叫诺亚韦伯斯特的人，他是一位于1778年毕业于耶鲁大学的教师。【点拨】th