考研英语翻译试卷17

1、考研英语（翻译）-试卷17（总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟）一、reading comprehension（总题数：6,分数：60.00）1. section ii reading comprehension（分数：10.00）解析：2.part cdirections: read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into chinese. （分数：10.00）解析：f1 much of the language used to describe monetary policy

2、, such as steering the economy to a soft landing or a touch on the brakes, makes itself sound like a precise science. nothing could be further from the truth. the link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. and thereare long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the eco

3、nomy. f2 hence there is an analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackenedwindscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel. given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. average inflation in the big

4、seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this july. this is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s. it is also less than most forecasters had predicte

5、d. in late 1994 the panel of economists which the economist polls each month said that americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. in fact, it fell to 2.6% in august, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole.【f3】in britain and japan inflation is running half a percent

6、age point below the rate predicted at the end of last year, this is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expectedin britain and america.【f4】 economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in britain and the linked

7、 states, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially americas, have little productive slack. americas capacity utilisation, forexample, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate（5.6% in august）has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate

8、of unemploymentthe rate below which inflationhas taken off on the past. why has inflation proved so mild? the most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective.【f5】 some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based

9、 upon the historical link betweengrowth and inflation. （分数：10.00） .【f1】（分数：2.00）正确答案：（正确答案：有很多用来描述货币政策的词汇，如引导经济软着陆，触动经济刹车，听起来像是一门精确的 科学。）解析：（2）. f2（分数：2.00）正确答案：（正确答案：因此这样的类比（就如同）把执行货币政策比作驾驶着一辆涂黑了挡风玻璃，打碎了后视镜，并 且方向盘无法正常工作的汽车。）解析：）2.00（分数：f3（3）.正确答案：（正确答案：去年年底，英国和日本的通货膨胀率实际上比预测的要低半个百分点。这不是昙花一现，在过去几年里，

10、英国和美国的通货膨胀率始终低干预测水平。）解析：（4）. 【f4】（分数：2.00） 正确答案：（正确答案：经济学家对英美两国有利的通胀率感到特别诧异，因为传统的计量方法表明两国经济，特别是 美国经济几乎没有生产萧条的时候。）解析：.【f5】（分数：2.00）正确答案：（正确答案：一些经济学家认为，世界经济结构强有力的变化已经推翻了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀之间的 历史关联为基础的旧的经济模式。）解析：f1 the value which society places on work has traditionally been closely associated with the value

11、 of individualism and as a result it has had negative effects on the development of social security. it has meant that in the first place the amount of benefits must be small lest people s willingness to work and support themselves suffers. even today with flat rate and earnings-related benefits, th

12、e total amount of the benefit must always be smaller than the persons wages for fear of malingering.the purpose of social security, said huntford referring to swedens comparatively generous benefits, is to dispel need without crossing the threshold of prosperity. second, social security benefits are

13、 granted under conditions designed to reduce the likelihood of even the boldest of spirits attempting to live on the state rather than work.many of the rules surrounding the payment of unemployment or supplementary benefit are for this purpose. third, the value placed on work is manifested in a more

14、 positive way as in the case of disability.【f2】 people suffering from accidents incurred at work or from occupational diseasesreceive preferential treatment by the social security service compared with those suffering from civil accidents and ordinary illnesses. yet, the stranglehold which work has

15、had on the socialsecurity service has been increasingly loosened over the years. the provision of family allowances, family income supplements, the slight liberalization of the wages stop are some of themanifestations of this trend.【f3】 similarly, the preferential treatment given to occupationaldisa

16、bility by the social security service has been increasingly questioned with the demands for the upgrading of benefits for the other types of disability. it is felt that in contemporary industrial societies the distinction between occupational and non-occupational disability is artificial for many no

17、n-occupational forms of disability have an industrial origin even if theydo not occur directly in the workplace.【f4】 there is also the additional reason which we mentionedin the argument for one benefit for all one-parent families, that a modern social security service must concentrate on meeting ne

18、eds irrespective of the cause behind such needs. the relationshipbetween social security and work is not all a one-way affair.【f5】it is true that until veryrecently the general view was that social securityepresented a type of luxury and was essentially anti-economic. it was seen as merely governmen

19、t expenditure for the needy. as we saw, however, redundancy payments and earnings-related unemployment benefits have been used with some success by employers and the government to reduce workers opposition towards loss of theirjobs.（分数：10.00）（1） . 【f1】（分数:2.00）正确答案：（正确答案：传统上，社会赋予工作的价值一直与个人主义价值紧密相连。因

20、此，这对社会保障的发展产生 了负面的影响。）解析：（2） . f2（分数：2.00）正确答案：（正确答案：与那些遭受个人意外和忍受普通疾病折磨的人相比，因公受伤或者患有职业病的人在社会保障 服务方面享有优待。）解析：.【f3】（分数：2.00） 正确答案：（正确答案：同样，社会保障服务给予职业伤残的优惠待遇越来越多地受到了质疑，人们要求提高对其他类 型伤残的救济。）解析：（4）. 【f4】（分数：2.00） 正确答案：（正确答案：止匕外，还有一个我们在讨论单亲家庭救济问题时所提及的理由.即一个现代的社会保障服务必须专注于满足需求，不管这些需求的背后有何原因。）解析：.【f5】（分数：2.00）

21、 正确答案：（正确答案：诚然，直到最近，普遍的观点依然认为社会保障“体现的是一种享受，从本质上讲是反经济的” 它仅仅被看作是政府用于贫困群体的开支。）解析：gandhis pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings.f1 its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definitive technique, a method, capable ofproducing desired political results.

22、【f2】 gandhis attitude was not that of most western pacifists.satyagraha, the method gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in south africa, was a sort of non-violent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred. it entailed such things as civ

23、il disobedience, strikes, lying down in front ofrailway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. gandhi objected to passive resistance as a translation of satyagraha: in gujarati, itseems, the word meansirmness in the truth.【f3】in his early days ga

24、ndhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the british side in the boer war, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914-1918, even after he had completely abjured violence he was honest enough tosee that in war it is usually necessary to take sides.【f4】 since his whole political life cent

25、red round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, indeed, he did not take the sterile and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins. nor did he, like most western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questi

26、ons. in relation to the late war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligationto answer was: what about the jews? are you prepared to see them exterminated? if not, how do 漆？牛由灯3熏？潴典癖？椁泡眠h漂璜燃激牯桶柿瑛？慷？【f5】i must say that i have never heard, from any western pacifist, an honest answer to thi

27、s question, though i have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the youe another type. but it so happens that gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and that his answer is on record in mr. louis fischer s gandhi and stalin.according to mr. fischer, gandhi s view was that the german jews

28、 ought to commit collective suicide, 确握？睁峻撞集瘢？牡峻散？椁？建汲？渭?椁?数灯敬漠？敕泽渭？潴？k敬川？窠法漫散超（分数：10.00） .【f1】（分数：2.00）正确答案：（正确答案：其动机是宗教性质的，但他也说这是一种明显的技巧、一种方法，它可以产生预期的政治效果。） 解析：（2）. f2（分数：2.00）正确答案：（正确答案：甘地的态度不同于大多数西方和平主义者的态度。satyagraha 这个由甘地提出并付诸实践的方法，最早起源于南非，是一种非暴力的斗争方式，用既不伤害对方又不会引发仇恨的手段打败敌人。）解析：.【f3】（分数：2.00） 正

29、确答案：（正确答案：早年间，在布尔战争期间甘地曾经为英方抬过担架，而且在 1914 191 8年战争期间他又准备 这么做，即使在他彻底放弃暴力之后，他仍然很诚实地认识到在战争中必须要有明确的立场。解析：（4）. 【f4】（分数：2.00）正确答案：（正确答案：由于他的整个政治生涯都在为民族独立而斗争，因此他不能，而且他也确实没有采取毫无意义 的、不诚实的态度，假装说在所有战争中参战双方完全一样，因而谁获得胜利都无所谓。）解析：.【f5】（分数：2.00） 正确答案：（正确答案：我必须说，我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听到过对该问题的诚实的答复，但是却听大了大量的躲闪之词，通常都是“你是另外

30、一回事”之类的回答。 ）解析：picture-taking is a technique both for reflecting the objective world and for expressing thesingular self. photographs depict objective realities that already exist, though only the cameracan disclose them. and they depict an individual photographers temperament, discovering itselfthr

31、ough the cameras cropping of reality.f1 that is, photography has two directly opposite ideals: in the first, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little; but in the second, photography is the instrument of fearlessness, questingsubjectivity and the ph

32、otographer is all.f21 these conflicting ideals arise from uneasiness on the part of both photographers and viewers of photographs toward the aggressive component inaking a picture. accordingly, the ideal of a photographer as observer is attracting becauseit implicitly denies that picture-taking is a

33、n aggressive act. the issue, of course, is not so clear-cut. what photographers do cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply, and essentially, benevolent. as a consequence, one ideal of picture-taking or the other is always being rediscovered and championed. an important result of the

34、 coexistence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence toward photography s means.【f3】 whatever are the claims that photography might make to be a form of personal expression just like painting, its originality is closely linked to the power of a machine. the steady growth of these powers has m

35、ade possible the extraordinary informativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs, like harold edgertons high-speed photographs of a bullet hitting its target or of the swirls and eddies ofa tennis stroke.【f4】 but as cameras become more sophisticated, more automated, some photographer

36、s are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limit imposed by pre-modern camera technology because a cruder, less high-powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to leave more room for creative accident. for example, it has been virtually a point of honor for many photographers, including walker evans and cartier bresson, to refuse to use modern equipment. the