智能家居技术外文翻译

1、外文翻译原文及译文学院计算机学院专业计算机科学与技术班 级 学 号 姓 名 指导教师 负责教师2012年6月Smart Home TechnologyLink your homes lighting, entertainment and security systems with new automated home tech no logy.Smart home is expected to offer various in tellige nt services by recog nizing reside nts along with their life style and feeli

2、ngs. One of the key issues for realizing the smart home is how to detect the locations of residents. Currently, the research effort is focused on two approaches: term in al-based and non-term in al-based methods. The term inal -based method employs a type of device that should be carried by the resi

3、de nt while the non-term in al-based method requires no such device.There is a growing interest in smart home as a way to offer a convenient, comfortable, and safe residential environment. In general, the smart home aims to offer appropriate in tellige nt services to actively assist in the reside nt

4、 s life such as housework, amurest, and sleep. Hen ce, in order to enhance the reside nt s convenience and safety, devices such as home appliances, multimedia appliances, and internet appliances should be conn ected via a home n etwork system, as show n in Fig. 1, and they should be con trolled or m

5、on itored remotely using a televisi on (TV) or pers onal digital assista nt (PDA).Especially, atte nti on has bee n focused on locati on-based services as a way to offer high-quality intelligent services, while considering human factors such as pattern of living, health, and feeli ngs of a reside nt

6、. That is, if the smart home can recog nize the reside nt pattern of liv ing or health, the n home applia nces should be able to an ticipate the reside nt needs and offer appropriate intelligent service more actively. For example, in a passive service en vir onment, the reside nt con trols the opera

7、ti on of the HVAC (heat ing, ven tilati ng, and air conditioning) system, while the smart home would control the temperature and humidity of a room accord ing to the reside nt c6n diti on. Various in door locati on -aware systems have bee n developed to recog nize the reside nt locsati on in the sma

8、rt home orsmart office. In general, indoor location-aware systems have been classified into three types accordi ng to the measureme nt tech no logy: tria ngulati on, sce ne an alysis, and proximity methods 8. The triangulation method uses multiple distancesfrom multiple known poin ts. Examples in cl

9、ude Active Badges, Active Bats, and Easy Living, which use in frared sen sors, ultras onic sen sors,a nd visi on sen sors,respectively. The sce ne an alysis method exam ines a view from a particular van tage point. Represe ntative examples of the sce ne an alysis method are Moti on Star, which uses

10、a DC mag netic tracker, and RADAR, which uses IEEE 802.11 wireless local area n etwork (LAN). Fin ally, the proximity method measures nearness to a known set of points. An example of the proximity method is Smart Floor, which uses pressure sen sors.Alter natively, in door locati on-aware systems can

11、 be classified accord ing to the n eed for a term inal that should be carried by the reside nt. Termin al-based methods, such as Active Bats, do not recog nize the reside nt s locati on directly, but perceive the locati on of adevice carried by the reside nt, such as an in frared tran sceiver or rad

12、io freque ncy iden tificati on (RFID) tag. Th erefore, it is impossible to recog nize the reside nt s locatihe or she is not carry ing the device. In con trast, non-term inal methods such as Easy Living and Smart Floor can find the reside nt locati on without such devices. However, Easy Livi ng can

13、be regarded to inv ade the reside nt s privacy while the Smart Floor has difficultywith exte ndibility and maintenan ce.Home automation has come a long way from the manual timer hooked up to the living room light. Todays smart home automatically regulates heat, air and light, distributes audio and v

14、ideo around the house, con trols access to your home and can eve n remind you to exercise!New tech no logies and product adva nces have made home tech no logy systems more affordable tha n ever and have brought home systems in tegrati on into the mai nstream. According to a study done in 2004 by the

15、 National Association of Home Builders Research Center and the Consumer Electronics Association, nearly half of all new homes being built in the U.S. are now using structured copper smart wiring to enable the installation of new home tech no logy systems.How it WorksThere are four mai n types of n e

16、tworks you can in stall in your home to support the available new tech no logy. Each has its adva ntages and disadva ntages depe nding on whether you are wiri ng a new home or upgrad ing an existi ng home./Structured wiring invoIves running specialized high performanee cabling throughout your home.

17、It provides a highly reliable and secure network that distributes data signals for phones, computers, TVs and audio components. Its ideal for new con structi on but not always easy to in stall in an existi ng home. Also, n etwork ing is limited to the reach of cables, jacks and plugs.and mobility an

18、d?Wireless networks provide the advantages of flexibilityvirtually eliminate the wiring dilemmas often faced by existing homeowners. However, wireless n etworks tend to be less reliable and subject to in terfere nee from other devices such as baby mon itors and cordless pho nes.?Power-line networks

19、use a homes existing electrical lines to transmit data.They are relatively easy to set up and operate but carry the risk of power surges, and an unen crypted household n etwork may be accessible to n eighbors shari ng the same tran sformer.?Ph on e-li ne n etworks use a homes teleph one lines to car

20、ry multiple services. Typically, each service is assigned a unique frequency spectrum so they dont in terfere with one ano ther. Smart home tech no logy may also en able you to dial in via a phone line to control specific home operating systems and/or be pre-set to dial out to a mon itori ng service

21、 in the case of a fire or break-i n.While the possibilities for home automation are only limited by your imag in ati on, the choices facing the average homeow ner may seem daunting. The good n ews is that you do not n eed to become a tech no logical expert in order to enhance your homes capabilities

22、. A home tech no logy in tegrator can desig n, i mpleme nt, and tie together your homes various electro nic systems. These in clude:Entertainment: You may have been impressed by a friends home theatre setup one ni ght, whe n they popped a movie in their DVD player and gave you the large scree n, sur

23、ro und sound experie nee. But why not take this experie nee further? Using fairly simple automati on tech no logy, you could push a movie butt on on a touch pad in your family room. The lights would dim, the bli nds would close, the popcor n maker would spri ng into acti on, the fridge would check f

24、or adequate ice levels for your soda, and your calls would be automatically forwarded straight to your an sweri ng service. With a little creativity and pla nning, all these eve nts can be achieved using a home n etwork.It would be equally simple, using motion sensorsand your stereo system, to play

25、music every time you en ter a room in your home - someth ing upbeat, perhaps, for the home gym, maybe classical music for your study - the possibilities are endless. Or you could sit in your living room and select the music you want to listen to via on-screen menus that are displayed on your TV.You

26、could eve n mon itor your childre ns televisi on and video-game habits, whe n youre not at home by program ming the n etwork to alert your cell phone if your childre n watch too much televisi on or in appropriate program ming. Or you can simply program the TV or gam ing con sole to shut off after a

27、certa in amount of time.Security: Using smart home automati on tech no logy, you can program your lights to simulate normal in-home activity when youre away. For example, some time around your regular bedtime, your bedroom lights and TV will tur n on while the rest of the house will be darke ned. An

28、d this light ing rout in e can be set up to cha nge on the weeke nd.To protect aga inst break-i ns, you can positi on web cams at home entran ces and in stall an alarm system that uses heat and motio n sen sors to alert you and a remote security compa ny in the case of an in truder.In the case of fi

29、re, your smoke detector can be wired to sound not just an alarm but also to send a sig nal to your air-c on diti oning system fans to shut dow n, alert you and specified con tacts and illu min ate an evacuatio n route throughout the house.Energy: Energy savings can be realized by automating thermost

30、ats, lights and other en vir onmen tal systems such as garde n spri nklers and fountains. In tegrat ing all of these in to one en vir onmen tal system can help en sure a minimum waste of en ergy in your home. For example, on a hot, sunny day, weather sen sors can activate bli nd and drapery con trol

31、s to shade your home, and en sure that your garde n receives adequate irrigati on at the right time of day. Motion and occupancy sensors can activate heat and lighting controls as you en ter and exit rooms.Today snew smart IR sensors represent a union of two rapidly evoIving scie nces that comb ine

32、IR temperature measureme ntwith high-speed digital tech no logies usually associated with the computer. These in strume nts are called smart sen sors because they in corporate microprocessors programmed to act as tran sceivers for bidirect ion al, serial com muni catio ns betwee n sen sors on the ma

33、nu facturi ng floor and computers in the control room (see Photo 1). And because the circuitry is smaller, the sensors are smaller, simplifyi ng in stallatio n in tight or awkward areas .In tegrat ing smart sen sorsi nto new or existing process control systems offers an immediate advantage to proces

34、s control engineers in terms of providing a new level of sophistication in temperature monitoring and con trol.When you leave for work in the morning, your house could check for and turn off unnecessaryenergy consumers such as radios, TVs, stoves and irons (a nice safety feature). On your way home,

35、you could use your cell phone or computer to cha nge the temperature in your home, turn on lights, turn on the radiant heat in your bathroom floor and fill the bathtub to just the right level for a nice long soak.Appliances: From toasters to fridges to picture frames, the possibilities for n etwork

36、ing computerized household applia nces are limited only by your imagi nati on and budget. Your refrigerator can keep track of food expiration dates and act as a family messagecenter via a built-in screen. Coffee makers and other small appliances (such as toasters) can be activated remotely or as par

37、t of a seque nee of eve nts. You can eve n imitate Bill Gates and in stall framed electro nic artwork that cha nges depe nding on the prefere nee of the person who enters a room, or purchase Internet-connected picture frames that retrieve images from a gallery supplied by your friends and family for

38、 a constantly updated family portrait wall.The key to maki ng your home more comfortable, enjoyable and safe through home automation is to follow three essential steps:?Pla n: Discuss automati on n eeds and wants with your family members so you can pla n ahead. Take into con siderati on your homes l

39、ayout in terms of traffic and furniture.?Con suit: Talk to as many people as possible to get ideas and lear n about their experie nces with home automatio n; what worked, what did nt, what do they wish they had done differe ntly?Decide: What do you defi nitely want to be able to do? What is optio na

40、l? Will you in stall the n etwork yourself or leave it to a professi on al? What kind of n etwork and what types of tech no logy best suit your n eeds? Home automati on, from security systems to intelligent appliances, is becoming an accessible reality. With some careful pla nning and a little help,

41、 you too can enjoy the ben efits of a smart homeIn tellige nt Homes, Buildi ng Man ageme nt Systems (BMS) en compasses an eno rmous variety of tech no logies, across commercial, i ndustrial, i nstituti onal and domestic build in gs, including energy management systems and building controls. The func

42、tion of Building Management Systems is central to Intelligent Buildings concepts; its purpose is to control, monitor and optimise building services, eg., lighting; heating; security, TV and alarm systems; access control; audio-visual and entertainment systems; ventilation, filtration and climate con

43、trol, etc.; even time & attendance control and reporting (notably staff moveme nt and availability). The pote ntial with in these con cepts and the surro unding tech no logy is vast, and our lives are cha nging from the effects of In tellige nt Buildi ngs developments on our living and working envir

44、onments. The impact on facilities planning and facilities management is also potentially immense.Smart home exampleAt 7:30am and you awake to the sound of your favourite cd playing in the backgro und; the lights in your bedroom switch on; fadi ng up to allow you to wake up in your own time. The down

45、stairs intruder alarm system is de-activated. In the kitchen the coffee mach ine tur ns on to make a drink. The ground floor curta ins and bli nds ope n; the towel heater in the bathroom warms the towels. And you have nt eve n got up yet.6智能家居技术链接您家的灯光，娱乐和安全系统的新的自动化家用技术。智能家居，是一种可以通过识别具有不同生活习惯和感觉的住户来

46、提供各种不同 的智能服务。而实现这样的功能其中最关键的问题之一就是如何确定住户的位置。目前，研究工作只要集中于两种方法：终端方式和非终端方式。终端方式需要一种住户 随身携带的设备，而非终端方式则不需要这样的设备。现在由于人人都想有一个方便， 舒适，安全的居住环境，因此大家对于智能家居 表现的越来越感兴趣。一般来说，智能家居旨在提供合适的智能服务来积极促进住户 更好的生活，比如家务劳动，娱乐，休息和睡眠。因此，为了提高住户的便捷和安全， 像家用电器，多媒体设备和互联网设备应通过家庭网络系统连接在一起。并且它们应通过电视或个人数字助理（PDA）来控制或远程监控。尤其要注意的是，作为一种提供高质量的

47、智能服务，目标应集中于定位服务，同 时考虑人为因素，比如住户的生活方式，健康状况和居住感受。也就是说，如果智能 家居能识别住户的生活方式或健康状况，那么家用电器应该能预见住户的需要， 并能更主动的提供适合的智能服务。例如，在一个被动的服务环境下，需要住户控制供热 通风与空气调节系统（供暖，通风和空调），而智能家居将根据住户情况自动调节房 间的温湿度。智能家居或智能办公室的各种室内感应定位系统的已经研发到能够识别 住户的位置。一般来说，室内定位感应系统根据测量技术分为三种类型：三角测量， 场景分析和接近方法。三角测量法是通过多个已知点来计算位置距离。运用三角测量法的例子包括 Active Bad

48、ges, Active Bats和Easy Living，它们分别运用了红外传感 器，超声波传感器和视觉传感器来实现的。 场景解析法是检测一个场景内的特定着眼 点。场景解析法的典型例子是使用直流磁力跟踪器的MotiveStar，和使用无线局域网络LAN标准IEEE 802,11的RADAR。接近法则是以一组已知点中最接近的点近似 作为定位点。接近法的例子有使用压力传感器的Smart Floor。另外，室内感应定位系统可以根据是否需要住户随身携带一种设备来分类。终端方式，例如Active Bats，不需要直接找到住户位置，但是可以感应到住户随身携带的 设备位置，例如红外收发器或者射频识别技术（R

49、FID）标签。因此，如果住户没有随声携带终端设备，那就不可能找到他。相反的，非终端方式如Easy Living和SmartFloor则不需要这种设备就能找到住户位置。然而，人们认为Easy Living侵犯了住户隐私，Smart Floor则是扩展和维护都比较困难家庭自动化已经从挂接到客厅灯的手动计时很长的路要走。今天的智能”家庭自动调节热量，空气，光线，音频和视频房子周围分布，控制访问您的家庭，甚至可 以提醒你锻炼。新技术和产品的进步使家居更负担得起的技术系统，并比以往任何时候都纳入主流家用系统集成。 根据2004年所做的住宅建筑商研究中心和消费电子协会，几乎所有的新家园一半协会的一项研究正

50、在兴建中的美国正在利用结构铜聪明”接线，使安装技术的新家园系统。它是如何工作主要有四种类型的网络可以在家里安装，以支持现有的新技术。各有其优势和根据您是否是一个新的家庭布线或升级现有的家庭缺点。它提供了一个高?结构化布线涉及专门高性能运行在您的整个家庭布线。度可靠和安全的网络，分销，产品用于手机的数据信号，电脑，电视和音频组件。这对新建筑的理想，但并不总是很容易安装在现有的家。此外，网络仅 限于电缆范围，插座和插头?无线网络提供的灵活性和流动性，几乎消除了通常由现有的布线房主面 临困境的优势。 然而，无线网络往往是如婴儿监视器，无绳电话不可靠和其 他装置受到干扰。?电力线网络使用的家庭已有的电

51、力线来传输数据。它们是比较容易的设置和执行，但执行的权力风险激增，以及一个未加密的家庭网络可以访问邻国 分享同样的变压器。?电话线的网络使用家里的电话线，以开展多种服务。 通常，每个服务指 定一个独特的频谱，以便他们不会互相干扰。智能家居技术也可能使您拨打一个电话线，通过具体的家庭作业控制系统和 /或预先设定为拨号到监控服务 在一旦发生火警或破裂情况的研究。而家庭自动化的可能性是有限的，只有你的想象，面对的选择一般的房主可 能似乎令人望而生畏。好消息是，你不必成为技术专家，以提高您的家庭的能力。 一 个家庭技术集成商能够设计，实施和您的家庭联系在一起的各种电子系统。这些措施包括：娱乐：您可能已留下深刻的印象朋友的家庭影院安装有一天晚上，当他们 突然出现在他们的电影和 DVD播放机给你大屏幕，环绕声体验。但是，为什么不利用这个经验的事呢？ 使用相当简单的自动化技术，你可以推 电影”一个触摸板按 钮在您的家庭娱乐室。昏暗的灯光会，窗帘会结束时，爆米花机将春季行动，冰箱将检查你的苏打冰足够的水平，您的通话将被自动转发到您的接听服务直线。一个小创意和规划，所有这些事件可以实现使用一个家庭网络。这将是同样简单，使用动作感应器和您的音响系统， 播放音乐，每次你输入 一个家庭健身房在家里房间-这是乐观的，也许，也许你的学