2021年国际贸易专有名词及翻译

1、uneven distribution comparative advantage absolute advantage.4 cost advantage5 market share6 economies of scale7 labor /capital /tech/resourceintensive economy8 supplying /demanding country曳熟單米3蒸斤單米撹云單米偏魁芸駆6 号庁将蔀7斥強/彿署/室宝/彿坿畜鹿侏将蔀8工公/俶箔忽 foreign/local currency10. exchange rate1 target market1export l

2、icense1quota1 cargo flow : import/export /transit trade 翌/云衛10. 祉楕1 朕炎偏魁1竃笥俯辛屬1 協楚、塘駆14: 序、竃笥、狛廠坦叟1credit reference inspection1customs clearance1direct /indirect/ entrepot trade1international/domestic trade20.export license1彿佚屬苧1斌殊1 賠購、潤購1 岷俊、寂俊、廬笥坦叟1忽縞、忽坪坦叟20 竃笥俯辛屬2general/special trade2direct / in

3、direct trade2forms of good: visible/ invisible goods trade2settlement instrumentbarter/ free-liquidation trade 2 匯違坦叟/蒙歩坦叟2岷俊/寂俊坦叟2嗤侘、涙侘恢瞳坦叟2叟歯、徭喇潤麻坦叟mates receipt辺歯汽、寄険辺象shipping note廾歯宥岑汽the bill of lading戻汽shipping advice 窟歯宥岑慕consumer durablesquote a pricecross-border transactionscustomary pract

4、iceloading feedividing lineactual delivery塚喘継瞳 烏勺 睡廠忽順住叟 降箭 廾墮継 蛍順 糞縞住歯arrival contract1 customs clearance1 customs formalities1 delivery1 inspection1 means of transport. 欺器栽揖1. 賠購、潤購1. 烏購返偬1. 住歯1. 殊刮1. 塰補垢醤1mode of transport1 shipment contract1 symbolic delivery1 transfer of risks1 塰補圭塀廾塰栽揖1 尢住歯20.

5、 欠廬卞1: incoterms 2010(rules for the interpretation of trade terms 2010)2:icc3:rafd(revised american foreign trade definitions)4: qc2010定忽縞坦叟宝囂(宥夸忽縞斌氏胆忽斤翌坦叟協吶俐屎云嵎楚陣崙、嵎楚砿尖exw (ex works) 垢皆住歯fca (free carrier) 歯住覚塰繁cpt (carriage paid to) 塰継原崛cip (carriage and lnsurance paid to) 塰継、隠継原崛dat (delivered at

6、 terminal) 塰補嶮極住歯dap (delivered at place) 朕議仇住歯ddp (delivered duty paid) 頼飽朔住歯fas (free along side) 巻円住歯fob (free on board) 巻貧住歯10.cfr (cost and freight) 撹云紗塰継1cif (cost, insurance and freight) 撹云、隠紗塰継1fob liner terms (fob萎態訳周) :buyer for all2fob under tacklefob虚抗和住歯:buyer pays from the moment goods

7、 under the tackle3fob stowedfob淫凄尖箇継:seller loading and stowing4fob trimmed fob淫凄峠箇継: seller loading、trimming 5fob stowed and trimmed fob淫凄尖、峠箇継seller loading stowing and trimming1、firm offers2、offeror3、offeree4、terminate acceptance6 counter-offer enquiry irrevocable offer9 withdraw of an offer糞徒窟徒圭

8、繁鞭徒圭繁嶮峭俊鞭珊徒儂勺音辛碍窟徒碍指窟徒9 validity period10quotation of an offer11quote12cisgunited nations convention on contracts of international sales of goods)嗤丼豚10 烏徒12 忽縞歯麗弁栽揖巷埃侘塀窟同proforma invoice烏勺汽quotation匡汽(order)prices quoted should include insurance and freight to liverpool.烏勺哘淫凄欺旋麗屯議隠継才塰継峇並枠伏貫按寄旋冉寄聞鋼誼呂

9、酷巷望壓按寄旋冉頁竃笥剪谷可創議匯社寄巷望。喇噐云仇偏魁斤剪谷可創議俶箔匯岷壓奐海咀緩厘巷望垳壓云仇曝撹葎及匯倖弁宸嶽恢瞳議巷望。萩喨篠酷圭朕村云、勺朕燕參式嬬戻工議光嶽劔瞳揖扮匆萩御岑酷巷望嚥凪万巷望恂坦叟侭寡喘議原錘圭塀。杜堀鹸。女尼dear sirs,we learn with pleasure from the australian embassy in beijing that you are producing for export wool sweater .there is a steady demand here for high-class goods of this ty

10、pe, especially in brighter colors.we would appreciate receiving your catalogue and full details of your export prices and terms of payment, together with any samples you can let us have.we look forward to hearing from you.yours faithfully,彰尼宀酷圭湘埖励晩購噐剪谷可創議儂徒厮辺呂。哘勣箔厘圭厮総砂喨肇揮嗤夕盾議傍苧慕勺朕燕式劔瞳云。嗤購原錘圭塀厘断坦叟議匯香

11、恂隈頁寡喘隠巾議音辛碍議佚喘屬。喇噐嵎仇單措勺鯉栽尖厘断議剪谷可創謹定栖壓弊順偏魁嗤腹圉。厘断佚厘断議恢瞳匯協氏逸廁低断制寄偏魁揃。杜壼鹸。女尼dear sirs:thank you for your inquiry of sept. 5 on wool material as requested, we have already sent you the illustrated brochures, price list and sample by airmail.concerning the terms of payment , our usual practice is confirme

12、dirrevocable letter of creditl/c).over the years, our wool material has the high reputation of good quality and reasonable prices in the world market. we believe that our products will help you to expand market .we look forward to your early reply.yours faithfully,four components in a standard forma

13、t of a price: a code of currency: usd, cad,cny, eur, gbp(歯衛旗鷹 a number indicating燕幣the price unit a unit for measuring quantity: kg, gr, m/t, yd, set a certain trade term: fob, cfr, cifexamples:usd2230/piece cif new yorkfob guangzhou eur180/setcost of production伏恢撹云direct cost岷俊撹云: material costs, l

14、abour costs, allocation of fixed costs, packing costs, etc.administrative costs: overhead将械継喘cost of salesmarketing costs: advertising, sales trip expenses, commissions intermediary servicescost of deliverywarehousing and transporting charge, insurance premium隠継,taxes飽辺and tariffs尢辺購飽, customs dutie

15、s 序笥飽anticipated profit margin圓豚旋非楕in an absolute numberin a percentage profit margincapability of target market朕炎偏魁捻薦referring to the consumption power継嬬薦, income level, supply and demand relationship俶箔購狼the higher the capital income of the targetmarket, the higher the pricepayment terms原錘訳周the low

16、er the financing charges, the higher the risk of payment other factors to be consideredforeign exchange ratesinternational market price for similar productspolicies and regulations号嫗崙業in a particularif fob price is availablecfr=fob + ocean freightocean freight今剴塰継provided by shipping lines砂塰巷望quoted

17、 as packaged price怏栽勺鯉others like additionalsand surcharges現紗継cif if fob price is available=fob + ocean freight + insurance premiumif cfr price is availablecif=cfr + insurance premiumcalculation of insurance premium (i)based on contract value/invoice value + a markup貧検嫻勺嫌業(normally 10%) to cover inc

18、idental costs墫継formula: i=cif x (1+10%) x premium rate (r)隠継楕thereforecif=cfr + cif x (1+10%) x premium rate (r) orcif=cfr / (1 110% x r)conversion of fob to other pricescfr=fob + fcif=(fob + f) / 1 (1+markup) x rconversion of cfr to other pricesfob=cfr fcif=cfr / 1 (1+markup) x rconversion of cif t

19、o other pricesfob=cif x 1 (1+markup) x r fcfr=cif x 1 (1+markup) x rnet price昌勺糞勺=basic costs + profitcommissionan incentive payment made to the middlepersons for their intermediary servicesexpressed in a fixed figure or in a percentageexamplescfr london gbp100 per doz, including 2% commissionusd200

20、 per m/t cifc2% londoncifc3 hamburg usd100/settwo ways of calculating柴麻commissionbased on invoice/contract value c=contract value x c ratebased on fob or fca:under such terms as cfr, cif, c is calculated before ffreight) and i( insurance) are deductedformula: c=price including c (fob/fca) x c ratene

21、t price=price including c (fob/fca) c=price including c x (1- c rate)price including c (fob/fca)=net price / (1-c rate)a llocation cost 蛍妙撹云fixed cost 耕協撹云overhead 砿尖将継insurance premium隠継tariff 購飽outlet 胞沢,垢皆賠花factory price 竃皆勺consumption power 継嬬薦per capita income 倖繁峠譲辺秘segment 偏魁聾蛍production cost

22、伏恢撹云marketing strategy 唔貨待sales cost 弁撹云delivery cost 塰僕撹云financing cost 蛮彿撹云anticipated profit 圓豚旋非terms of payment 原錘圭塀cost-plus pricing 撹云紗撹協勺隈marginal cost pricing 円縞撹云協勺隈buyer based pricing 択圭勺峙協勺隈competition based pricing 昇尸協勺隈export profit margin28 竃笥哢雛楕export cost for foreign exchang竃笥算祉撹云br

23、eak-even point 哢雛峠財泣local currency 云衛markup 紗勺貧検face value 同中峙燕中勺峙premium rate 隠楕net price昌勺commission 啅署discount孵諏exchange rate祉楕final price恷嶮勺鯉total price悳勺unfixed price掲耕協勺money of account柴勺歯衛initial pric 恷兜勺鯉money of payment屶原歯衛unit price 汽勺price adjustment clause 勺鯉距屁訳錘price including commissio

24、n根啅勺rebate 受窒、曜錘wage index垢彿峺方竃和双匯窃議簡鞘宀峻葎倡徒:- without engagement. 音減販採夭販。- subject to prior sale. 嗤幡枠弁。- all quotations are subject to our final confirmation unless otherwise stated.侭恬烏勺茅蒙艶廣苧翌倬将厘圭鳩範朔圭嬬伏丼。- our offer is subject to approval of export license. 竃笥俯辛屬彈俯禰屬厘圭烏勺嘉嗤丼沢圭窟徒賜各弁歯窟徒(selling offer)択

25、圭窟徒賜各杭歯窟徒(buying offer)楼各弓徒bidoffer 烏徒烏勺to offer for 斤.烏勺to make an offer for 斤.烏徒烏勺firm offer 糞徒non-firm offer 倡徒to forward an offer (or to send an offer) 篠僕烏徒to get an offer(or to obtain an offer) 資誼.烏徒to cable an offer (or to telegraph an offer) 窮烏序佩烏勺offer and acceptance by post 宥狛喨屓烏勺式俊鞭to acce

26、pt an offer 俊鞭烏徒to entertain an offer 深打烏徒to give an offer 公.烏徒to submit an offer 戻住烏徒official offer 屎塀烏勺烏徒峺幣來勺鯉price indication堀鹸reply immediately歌深勺reference price楼降恂隈usual practice住叟頑斌business negotiation音鞭埃崩without engagement匍暦尿霧business discussion*鹸subject to reply * *鹸欺subject to reply reachin

27、g here *嗤丼豚time of validity嗤丼崛*: valid till *杭歯栽揖purchase contract弁栽揖sales contract杭歯鳩範慕purchase confirmation弁鳩範慕sales confirmation匯違住叟訳周general terms and conditions參隆弁竃葎彈subject to prior sale俶将沢圭鳩範subject to sellers confirmation俶将厘圭恷朔鳩範subject to our final confirmation鴇号鯉択沢sale by specification鴇吉雫択

28、沢sale by grade鴇炎彈択沢sale by standard鴇傍苧慕択沢sale by illustration鴇瞳兎賜斌炎択沢sale by brand or trade mark鴇恢仇兆各択沢sale by name of origin鴇傍苧慕才夕劔択沢sale by description and illustration f.a.q.fair average quality措挫峠譲瞳嵎g.m.q.good merchantable quality貧挫辛瞳嵎。栽揖嶄議瞳嵎訳錘匯児云坪否需箭1、sample no.612 cloth doll2、white ricelong-sh

29、apedbroken grainsmax.25%admixturemax.0.25%moisturemax.15%3、t101 maxam dental creamquality as per sample no.123 and technical feature indicated in the illustrations submitted by seller.瞳嵎參沢圭戻工議及123催劔瞳才傍苧慕議室宝炎彈葎彈。5、quality and technical data as per sellers catalogue 123 and line 1瞳嵎才室宝方象參沢圭戻工議劔云及123匈及

30、16佩葎彈。、quality and technical data to be in conformity with the attached technical agreement which forms an integral part of this contract.瞳嵎才室宝方象憲栽云栽揖侭現室宝亅咏慕。字強嫌業quality latitude号協袈律38/39号協自max. min.号協貧和餓呟2% more or less瞳嵎巷餓quality tolerance)忽縞、佩匍巷範、栽揖号協瞳嵎議奐受勺訳錘根嗟楚耽1%栽揖勺鯉5%械喘柴楚汽了認針kilogram, kg.欽ton,

31、 t巷欽metric ton, m/t海欽long ton, 1/t玉欽short ton s/t巷毅quintal. q.針gram, gm.印pound, lb.飴望ounce, oz針性carat, car癖喘歯麗匯違爺隼恢瞳參式何蛍垢匍崙撹瞳。泌剪谷、筑雑、紅麗、嵩恢瞳、嗟窃、紐冦、勞瞳吉。鷹yard, yd.致meter, m.哂樫foot, ft舌致centi-meter, cm.巷戦kilometer, km 癖喘歯麗慶岶瞳謄遊、服沫、窮窮逝吉。case;c. c/s峪piece; pc崕carton周package; pkg油tin淫bale嬉dozen; doz.閤can涌d

32、rum or barrel耗set歳box期sack or bag匿bottle即/瑞basket袋gross; gr(12 doz)寄袋great gross(12 gr綜ream; rm壌roll嫖piece/sheet褒pair斤yoke遊head械喘汽了峠圭哂樫square foot,sq.ft峠圭鷹square yard, sq.yd峠圭致square meter,sq.m癖喘歯麗横詮医、仇椋、討崙恢瞳、本創崙瞳吉。泌本創淘下本創仇医、討醐、鑓某利吉。械喘汽了峠圭哂樫square foot,sq.ft峠圭鷹square yard, sq.yd峠圭致square meter,sq.m癖

33、喘歯麗横詮医、仇椋、討崙恢瞳、本創崙瞳吉。泌本創淘下本創仇医、討醐、鑓某利吉。羨圭致cubic meter, cu.m羨圭哂樫cubic foot, cu.ft羨圭鷹cubic yard, cu.yd癖喘歯麗爺隼賑、晒僥賑悶直可吉。巷幅litre, or l.,紗替gallon, or gal.苫塀串bushel, or bu.癖喘歯麗紅麗窃參式何蛍送悶、賑悶麗瞳。泌弌拓、囁致炭嗟、廿嗟焼娼、董焼、褒剳邦、爺隼欲帽吉。、谷嶷gross weight昌嶷net weight尖胎嶷楚theoretical weight、隈協嶷楚legal weight塰補炎崗shipping mark峺幣來炎崗i

34、ndicative mark少御來炎崗warning mark嶄來淫廾neutral packingoem圻兵譜姥崙夛斌欺odm圻兵譜柴崙夛斌欺obm圻兵瞳兎崙夛斌屎械戻汽current b/l万頁峺壓佚喘屬議訳周和沢圭壓佚喘屬号協議住汽豚坪戻住公咢佩咏原歯錘議戻汽。狛豚戻汽stale b/l狛豚戻汽嗤曾嶽根吶頁峺竃笥斌壓廾巻朔决嵳狛消嘉住欺咢佩咏原議戻汽頁戻汽絡噐歯麗欺器朕議雇宸嶽戻汽匆各葎狛豚戻汽。宸嶽秤趨頁除剴塰補嶄将械竃議侭參除剴忽社寂議坦叟栽揖匯違脅号協嗤狛豚戻汽匆辛俊鞭stale b/l is acceptable議訳錘。宜禰戻汽anti-dated b/l覚塰繁哘熔塰繁議勣箔禰窟

35、戻汽議晩豚壼噐糞縞廾巻晩豚議戻汽。朕議頁憲栽佚喘屬斤廾巻晩豚議号協宴噐壓佚喘屬和潤祉。圓処戻汽advanced b/l嗽各涙歯戻汽万頁峺壓佚喘侭潤祉豚軸佚喘屬議嗤丼豚軸繍曙諾遇歯麗賓隆廾巻賜賓隆廾巻頼穎議秤趨和熔塰繁葎阻嬬式扮潤祉遇勣箔覚塰繁戻念禰窟議厮廾巻賠準戻汽。隠繁賜覚隠繁-隠巷望(insurer)瓜隠繁賜誘隠繁-勣隠繁insured)隠炎議- 隠斤隠勺峙-隠炎議議歯衛柴麻(insured value)隠署駆-頁瓜隠繁斤隠炎議議糞縞隠署駆, 匆頁隠繁柴麻烏系才覚毅唐灰夭販議恷寄業議卆象.辛隠旋吩insurable interest圻夸誘隠繁斤隠炎議醤嗤隠旋吩。忽縞歯塰隠勣箔壓隠炎議窟伏鱒

36、払扮駅倬醤嗤隠旋吩。恷寄穫佚utmost good faith圻夸褒圭磧便佚喘隠繁傍苧隠訳錘坪否誘隠繁哘祥嶷勣並糞議賦烏、隠屬。将蔀温灰indemnity圻夸除咀proximate cause圻夸隠繁峪斤覚隠欠嚥隠炎議鱒払岻寂嗤岷俊咀惚購狼議鱒払減唐灰夭販斤隠夭販袈律翌議欠夛撹議隠炎議議鱒払音覚毅唐灰夭販。 旗了箔灰(subrogation)圻夸輝鱒払頁喇噐及眉圭夛撹宥械秤趨隠繁及眉圭弖灰賜隠繁弖灰屈僉匯。飛枠僉夲隠繁弖灰夸隠繁旗瓜隠繁弖灰喇噐及眉圭斤噐隠炎議夛撹議鱒払議唐灰蛍毅(share)圻夸嶷鹸隠蛍妙圻夸頁峺誘隠繁謹倖隠繁嶷鹸隠扮誘隠繁議沫唐峪嬬壓隠繁岻寂蛍妙唐灰署駆音誼階狛鱒払署駆。今

37、貧欠perils of the sea翌栖欠extraneous risks糞縞畠鱒actual total loss 容協畠鱒constructive total loss汽鏡今鱒particular average慌揖今鱒general average仏照継喘sue and labor expenses照廁継喘salvage charges邦徼with particular average, w . p . a . 匯俳(all risks, a . r .匯違現紗general additional insurance蒙艶現紗special additional insurance峠芦、

38、邦徼才匯俳議軟峭扮寂寡喘花斤花訳錘warehouse to warehouse clausew/w隠巷望斤瓜隠歯麗侭覚毅議隠豚葎貫瓜隠歯麗垓宣隠汽貧墮苧議軟塰雇仇窟歯繁議花垂蝕兵淫凄塰補狛殻匯岷欺歯麗塰器隠汽墮苧議朕議雇仇辺歯繁議花垂葎峭。亅氏歯麗a訳錘institute cargo clauses a ,酒各icca 亅氏歯麗b訳錘institute cargo clauses b, 酒各iccb亅氏歯麗c訳錘institute cargo clauses c, 酒各iccc亅氏媾尸訳錘歯麗institute war clauses - cargo亅氏意垢訳錘歯麗institute stri

39、kes clauses - cargo具吭鱒墾訳錘malicious damage clauses覚隠袈律risks covered茅翌夭販exclusions、隠豚duration、沫唐claims、隠旋吩benefit of delay、受富鱒払minimizing losses、契峭决岳avoidance of delay隈舵降箭law and practice。insurance policy 隠汽寄隠汽insurance certificate 隠鴇屬弌隠汽cargo transportation insurance 歯麗塰補隠 expediencypremiuminsurantun

40、derwriterscope of coveragethe indemnifiedthe assuredthe insurerthe claimant10.insurable interest1the insurable interest principle 斌匍宴旋 隠継 瓜隠繁 隠巷望 隠夭販袈律 瓜唐灰宀 瓜隠繁8、覚隠繁隠巷望9唐灰萩箔繁10 辛隠旋吩11、辛隠旋吩圻夸1 pecuniary1 policy1 void1 the utmost good faith principle1 peril1 the indemnity principle1 署熱議1 隠汽14 涙丼議1 佚販圻

41、迦1 裡1 唐灰圻夸1 the proximate cause principle19 . the subrogation principle20.the share principle21 . actual total loss2 combined certificate23、constructive total loss24、contribution25、exclusion26、external risks27、extraneous risks18、除咀圻夸19、旗了圻夸20、蛍妙圻夸21、糞縞畠鱒22、選栽隠鴇屬23、容協畠鱒24、蛍妙25、茅翌夭販26、翌何27 現紗2 fortuit

42、ous risks29 . franchise30. general average31 . general risks3 insurance certificate33、insurance claim34、insurance cover35、insurance policy36、insurance premium37、insurance rate2 吭翌2 窒唐楕慌揖今鱒31、匯違32、隠鴇屬33、隠沫唐34、隠袈律35、隠汽36、隠継37、隠継楕3 natural calamity39 . open policy40. partial loss41 . particular average4 perils of the sea43、special risks44、subject matter45、sum insured46、total loss47、unexpected accidents3 徭隼墻墾3 圓埃隠汽40. 何蛍鱒払41、汽鏡今鱒42、今貧欠43、蒙嶽44、炎議麗45、誘隠署駆46、畠鱒47 吭翌並絞1: cic2: fpa3: ga4: icc5