英语必修三unit3名词性从句

1、名词性从句 noun clausesnoun clauses reviewreview noun 名词名词 subject 主语主语 object 宾语宾语 predicative 表语表语 appositive 同位语同位语 what is a noun clausewhat is a noun clause？ noun clause (名词性从句名词性从句) subject clause (主语从句主语从句) object clause （宾语从句）（宾语从句） predicative clause(表语从表语从 句句) appositive clause（同位语（同位语 从句）从句） 宾

2、语从句宾语从句 object clause henry say that he doesnt have i know who he is . i dont remember when we arrived henry doesnt know what he should do. i want to know if / whether the news is. i cant understand why the brothers made we are talking about whether we can complete . 动词，动词动词，动词 词组（谓语）词组（谓语） 连接词连接词/连

3、接连接 代词代词/连接副连接副 词词 连接词（不充当从连接词（不充当从 句的任何成分）句的任何成分） 连接代词连接代词 连接副词连接副词 that if whether who(m), whose, what, which when, where, how, why 观察：观察： henry say (that) he doesnt have any plans. she said (that) she didnt want to accept the gift. he claimed (that) he was responsible for the accident. that 起连接作用

4、；不作成分；无意义；第一个that可 省 whether / if 观察：观察： he doubts whether / if i do it. i want to know whether / if the news is true. i am curious about whether he will come tomorrow. 起连接作用；不作成分，但有意义表起连接作用；不作成分，但有意义表“是否是否” 宾语从句中只用宾语从句中只用whetherwhether的情况：的情况： 1介词后介词后2与与or或或or not连用连用3与与to do连用连用 who(m) / what / wh

5、ich/ whose 观察：观察： -do you know who has won the game. -the book will show you what a best ceo should do. -nobody knows who he is. -have you determined which you should buy , a motorola or nokia cell phone? -naughty boy! tell me whose child you are! 主主 宾宾 表表 宾宾 定定 作作主主/宾宾/表表 -谁谁 作作主主/宾宾/表表 -什么事情什么事情/

6、什么东西什么东西/ 的话等的话等 作作主主/定定/表表 -哪一哪一 作作定语定语 - 谁的谁的 when / where / why / how： 观察：观察： i cant understand why the brothers made the bet. could you please tell me how you use the new panel. none of us knows where these new products can be bought. 时间时间 地点地点 原因原因 方式方式 什么时候什么时候 在哪在哪 为什么为什么 怎么样怎么样 1. 1. he alwa

7、ys thinks _ he can do his job better.he always thinks _ he can do his job better. 2. 2. life has taught us _ nothing is impossible.life has taught us _ nothing is impossible. 3. 3. i am curious about i am curious about _ _ she is crying she is crying in the in the corner.corner. 4. the students want

8、 to know _ they will have 4. the students want to know _ they will have dictation today. dictation today. 5. life is like a box of chocolate. you never know _ you are 5. life is like a box of chocolate. you never know _ you are going to get.going to get. 6. know _ you are before you try. 6. know _ y

9、ou are before you try. that that why whether/if what who 宾语从句引导词小结宾语从句引导词小结 that if/ whether why/how/ where/ when what/who(m)/ whose/which 不作成分，没有意义，可省不作成分，没有意义，可省 不作成分，但有意义表不作成分，但有意义表“是否是否” 作状语作状语-为什么为什么/怎么样怎么样/在哪里在哪里/什什 么时候么时候 作主，宾，表，定作主，宾，表，定 什么东西、事情什么东西、事情/谁谁/谁的谁的/哪哪一一 表语从句表语从句 predicative claus

10、e 表语（表语（predicative） 1、表语的语法意义：表语位于系动词后面，说明主语的身表语的语法意义：表语位于系动词后面，说明主语的身 份，特征和状态份，特征和状态 常见的系动词常见的系动词： 感官类：感官类：feel, look, smell, taste, sound（-起来）起来） 状态类：状态类：be, remain, keep, stay(保持保持),stand(仍然仍然) 变化类：变化类：become, get, turn, grow, go,come 表语从句的连接词表语从句的连接词 that(不可省不可省), whether, as, as if/though, bec

11、ause， who,whom, which, what, whose，where, when, why, how ifif不能引导表从不能引导表从 the fact is that i earned my living by myself. the question is whether the film is worth seeing. that is what i want to stress. the problem is who we can get to replace her. that is why weve given you the letter. home is where

12、 the heart is. that was because he didnt understand me. it seems that we should answer for this. it appears that she was wrong. 表语从句引导词小结表语从句引导词小结 that- whether- because/as / as if/as though- why/how/ where/ when- what/who(m) /whose/which- 无成分，无意义，不可省无成分，无意义，不可省 无成分，有意义表无成分，有意义表“是否是否” 作状语作状语-为什么为什么/

13、怎么样怎么样/在哪里在哪里/什么时候什么时候 作主，宾，表，定什么东西事情话作主，宾，表，定什么东西事情话 等等/谁谁/谁的谁的/哪一哪一 无成分，有意义无成分，有意义 1. his suggestion is _ we should stay calm. 2. the question is _ caused the accident. 3. the question is _ the thief got into the house. 4. what i want to know was _ he liked the gift given by us. that what / who ho

14、w /when whether 主语主语从句从句 subject clause when i was just a little girl, 当我还是个小女孩，当我还是个小女孩， i asked my mother, 我问妈妈，我问妈妈， what will i be? “将来我会变成什么样子呢？将来我会变成什么样子呢？ will i be pretty? 会漂亮吗？会漂亮吗？ will i be rich? 会富有吗？会富有吗？” heres what she said to me: 她对我说：她对我说： que sera, sera, “世事不可强求世事不可强求 whatever will

15、 be, will be; 顺其自然吧。顺其自然吧。 the futures not ours to see. 我们不能预见未来。我们不能预见未来。 que sera, sera, 世事不可强求，世事不可强求， what will be, will be. 顺其自然吧。顺其自然吧。” when i grew up and fell in love. 当我长大并恋爱了，当我长大并恋爱了， i asked my sweetheart, 我问我的心上人，我问我的心上人， what lies ahead? “我们将来会怎么样呢？我们将来会怎么样呢？ will we have rainbows day

16、after day? 生活每天都美好吗？生活每天都美好吗？” heres what my sweetheart said: 我的爱人对我说：我的爱人对我说： que sera, sera, “世事不可强求世事不可强求 whatever will be, will be; 顺其自然吧。顺其自然吧。 the futures not ours to see. 我们不能预见未来。我们不能预见未来。 que sera, sera, 世事不可强求，世事不可强求， what will be, will be. 顺其自然吧。顺其自然吧。” now i have children of my own. 现在我有

17、了自己的孩子，现在我有了自己的孩子， they ask their mother, 他们问我，他们问我， what will i be? “将来我会变成什么样子呢？将来我会变成什么样子呢？ will i be handsome? 会英俊吗？会英俊吗？ will i be rich? 会富有吗？会富有吗？” i tell them tenderly: 我轻声地回答：我轻声地回答： que sera, sera, “世事不可强求世事不可强求 whatever will be, will be; 顺其自然吧。顺其自然吧。 the futures not ours to see. 我们不能预见未来。我

18、们不能预见未来。 que sera, sera, 世事不可强求，世事不可强求， what will be, will be. 顺其自然吧。顺其自然吧。 que sera, sera! 顺其自然吧。顺其自然吧。” 1. no one knows exactly _ the earth began, 2. ,the universe began with a “big bang” _ threw matter in all directions. 3. _ it was to become was uncertain until 4. it was not clear _ the shape wo

19、uld last or not. 5. _ is even more important is _ as the earth cooled down, 6.it was not immediately obvious _ water was to be fundamental to the development of life how that what whether whatthat that 7. _ many scientists believe is _ the continued presence of waterinto the oceans and seas. 8.they

20、multiplied and filled,_ encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. 9._ they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 10. they are putting too much co2 into the atmosphere, _ prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 11. so _ life will continue on the

21、 earth formillions of years to come will depend on _this problem can be solved. whatthat which why which whether whether 1.that the earth travels round the sun is a well-known fact. 2. it is uncertain whether the artist can do it or not. 3. who will act the lead in the play has not been decided yet.

22、 4. where the young man has gone is not known. 5. it is not yet decided when and where the test will be given. 主语从句的引导词主语从句的引导词 连词连词 连接代词连接代词 连接副词连接副词 that if / whether who(m), whose, what, which when, where, how, why 1. _ he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. 2.

23、 _ we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. 3. it is a pity _ we wont be able to go to the south to spend our summer holidays. that whether / where that 4. _ she is coming or not doesnt matter too much. 5. _ he came from still puzzles all of us. 6. it happened _ i saw him yesterday. 7. it

24、does not make any difference to me _ you do. whether where that what 8. _ was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. 9. _ they will have the sports meet is still a question. 10. it doesnt matter _ she looks like. who when/where/whether what 主语从句引导词小结主语从句引导词小结 that if/ whether why/how/ where/

25、 when what/who(m)/ whose/which 不作成分，没有意义，不可省不作成分，没有意义，不可省 不作成分，但有意义不作成分，但有意义 表表“是否是否”；if不不 放句首放句首 作状语作状语-为什么为什么/怎么样怎么样/ 在哪里在哪里/什么时候什么时候 作主，宾，表，定作主，宾，表，定 什么东西事情话等什么东西事情话等/谁谁/谁的谁的/哪一哪一 这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用， 同时在从句中充当各种成分。同时在从句中充当各种成分。 whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从等也可引导名词性从 句

26、，其意分别为句，其意分别为“所所的一切事或东西的一切事或东西”、“任任 何何的人的人”、“的任可人或物的任可人或物”等。等。如：如： 1. whoever wants the book may have it. 2. ill do whatever i can to help him. 3. buy whichever is cheapest. 注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子：注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子： 任何人来都欢迎。任何人来都欢迎。 1. who comes will be welcome. 2. whoever comes will be welcome. 【常见错误展示常

27、见错误展示】下列各句均有一处错误，请改下列各句均有一处错误，请改 正并分析错误的原因。正并分析错误的原因。 1. light travels faster than sound is common knowledge. 2. if shes coming or not doesnt matter much. thatthat虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能 省略。省略。 whether if, whether都可表示都可表示“是否是否”, 但但if不能引导位于主句之不能引导位于主句之 前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语前的主语从句，它可以引

28、导位于主句之后带有形式主语 it的主语从句。的主语从句。 3. that the professor said is of great importance. 4. where will the trees be planted has not been decided. what that引导主语从句时无词义。引导主语从句时无词义。what the professor said 表示表示“教授所说的教授所说的”。 将将will置于置于trees之后。主语从句要用陈述句语之后。主语从句要用陈述句语 序。序。 5. no matter who breaks the rule will be pu

29、nished. 6. when and where the meeting will be held still remain a question. 引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句 时只能用时只能用whoever。 whoever 主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。 remains 7. what were your problems a year ago has now become mine. 8. it was requested that everyone made a s

30、peech at the meeting. has要改为要改为have。主语从句表示复数概念时，谓。主语从句表示复数概念时，谓 语要用复数形式。语要用复数形式。 have 在在“it is requested / ordered / suggested + that从句从句” 中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should + 动词原动词原 形形”，should可省略。可省略。 (should) make 1. 他在找什么与你无关。他在找什么与你无关。 iv. 用主语从句翻译下列句子。用主语从句翻译下列句子。 2. 他喜欢这种书，这件事非常有趣。他喜欢这种书，这件事

31、非常有趣。 3. 他是否能来仍然是个问题。他是否能来仍然是个问题。 what he is looking for is none of your business. that he likes books of this kind is very interesting. it remains a question whether he will be able to come. 5. 飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。 4.他们哪一个是从监狱里逃跑的，仍然是个谜。他们哪一个是从监狱里逃跑的，仍然是个谜。 which of them escaped from the prison

32、 is still a mystery. when the plane is to take off has not been announced. / it has not been announced when the plane is to take off. 主语从句注意事项：主语从句注意事项： 1. 引导词引导词 2. 从句的语序从句的语序 3. 从句的时态问题从句的时态问题 同位语从句同位语从句 appositive clause 同位语从句同位语从句 1. the thought that they could cross the whole continue was exciting. 2. some people have the idea that you can cross canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that canada is 5,500 kilometers from coast to coa