惠州学院外语系英语专业毕业论文写作规范new

1、惠州学院外语系英语专业毕业论文写作规范 2008年11月修订稿PART ONE 写作指南一、毕业论文写作要求 (1) Requirements of ThesesA. The thesis shall represent part of the knowledge the student has acquired during the 4 years of study and must be partly original. The originality shall be shown either by the discovery of new facts or by independent

2、 judgments.B. The thesis shall contain the students own account of his/her research.C. The thesis shall be not less than 4,000 words and not more than 5,000 words in English.D. Pure translation is not acceptable while comments on translation are encouraged.论文要求：A、论文应与本系专业有关；B、独立完成；C、4000-5000字；D、毕业论

3、文可以是翻译评论，3000字左右。但不接受单纯的翻译文本。(2) Format of the Thesis论文结构A. The cover page (provided by the university) with the title of the thesis in both English and Chinese, full name of the student, full name of the supervisor, and the date of submission.B. Statement of student contribution.C. The abstract (40

4、0-500 words, in both English and Chinese).D. Key words in English and Chinese (3-5 words just below the abstract).E. The table of contents.F. The main text.G. List of references following the FLS Format.H. Appendices (possible but not required).I. Acknowledgement.J. Penalty for Plagiarism：If a stude

5、nt submits a dissertation which is partly or wholly a product of plagiarism, he will be given an“F”score.毕业论文规格及要求：所有毕业论文一律用计算机打印。论文用A4纸印刷. 1. 论文结构（按前后顺序）包括：中英文主标题、原创声明、中英文论文摘要 （按中文计算约400 - 500字，并在摘要下面列出关键词）、 目录、正文、参考文献、致谢（具体请参照范本）；2. 所引的数据和观点应在注释中标明具体出处；3. 要求在参考文献中有一定的外文文献；4. 严禁任何抄袭或复制他人论文的作弊行为，违者记

6、为不及格，并按课程考试作弊处理。(3) Grading system评分等级GradeStandardGrade Points优秀良好中等及格不及格ExcellentGoodFairPassFailure90 and above80-8970-7960-6959 and below(4) Oral DefenseOral defense shall be held in the eighth semester. All teachers are supposed to take part in this academic activity.论文答辩：第八学期举行，全体教师参加。(5) Obje

7、ctives for the Oral Defense答辩目的A. To verify the authenticity of the writing.B. To check the oral presentation of the students.C. To double check and balance the grades given by the supervisor.检查论文的可信程度、学生的口头表述能力、评分是否合理。(6) Procedures for the Oral Defense答辩程序A. 15-20 min. altogether for each student.

8、B. 3-5 min. of a summary of the thesis by the student.C. 10-15 min. for the questions and answers.每场答辩15-20分钟；学生讲论文摘要3-5分钟；提问与回答10-15分钟。二、摘要写作的关键字眼B= some background information (a general introduction)P= purpose and the principle activity (usually a specific problem)M= the main information about th

9、e methodology usedR= the most important results of the studyC= a statement about your conclusion or the (kind of) closing recommendation(s) you make.三、注释及参考文献格式要求 (说明：本格式参阅了MLA、CMS和外语教学与研究的格式，部分例子源于其他学术刊物。)（一）毕业论文的注释采用夹注，不采用脚注。某些引文或所依据的文献无需详细注释者，以夹注的形式随文在括弧内注明。In-text citations are used in graduatio

10、n theses. The citations are placed in parentheses () within the text.A. 来自专著的直接引语，作者姓名在文中已经出现 Direct quotations from a book, authors name in text格式：出版年份：页码。Format: Year: page number(s).Example: Rees said, “As key aspects of learning are not stable, but changeable, this opens the way for the role of

11、the teacher as the pre-eminent mediator in the process”(1986: 241).B. 来自专著的直接引语，作者姓名在文中没有出现 Direct quotations from a book, authors name NOT in text格式：作者姓名，出版年份：页码。Format: Authors last name, year: page number(s).Example: “One reason perhaps is that the Chinese audience is more familiar with and recep

12、tive to Western culture than the average English reader is to Chinese culture.” (Fung ,1995: 71).C. 来自某篇文章的直接引语，作者姓名在文中已经出现 Direct quotations from an article, authors name in text格式：发表年份Format: YearExample: Ernst Rose submits,“The highly spiritual view of the world presented in Siddartha exercised i

13、ts appeal on West and East alike.” (1974)D. 来自某篇文章的直接引语，作者姓名在文中没有出现 Direct quotations from an article, authors name NOT in text格式：作者姓名（英文只注姓）、出版年份。Format: Authors last name, year.Example: “Everything rests on the notion that there is such a thing as just words but there isnt.” (Bateson 1972)E. 来自专著的

14、间接引语，作者的姓名在文中已经提到Indirect quotations from a book, authors name in text格式：出版年份：引文页码。Format: Year: page number(s).Example: According to Alun Rees (1986: 234), the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation.F. 来自专著的间接引语，作者的姓名在文中没有提到Indirect qu

15、otations from a book, authors name NOT in text格式：作者姓名，出版年：引文页码。Format: Authors last name, Year: page number(s).Example: It may be true that in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance. (see Robertson 1987: 136)Note: If the stating theory can be directly

16、found in the original text, declare the source by (see Robertson 1987: 136); if the stating theory can only partly be found in the original text, declare the source by (c.f. Robertson 1987: 136)G. 来自文章的间接引语，作者的姓名在文中没有提到Indirect quotations from an article, authors name NOT in text格式：作者姓名，出版年份。Format:

17、 Authors last name, Year: Examples:Example:It is argued that if communication is to be successful, the people involved need to share the same referential meaning of the words they are using (Byron & Fleming 1999)H提到某人的观点与姓名 Reference of authors name and opinion(s) in text格式：发表年份（紧跟姓名后）Format: Year（f

18、ollowing the authors last name）.Example:Fries (1981) attempted to provide evidence that Theme is a meaningful concept by showing a number of short texts.I 提到某人的观点（没有提到姓名）Reference of authors opinion(s), name NOT in text格式：作者姓名，发表年份Format: Authors last name, Year.Example:The writers focus on the uniq

19、ue contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation (Rees 1986: 32). J.正文引文中涉及到中国作者有两种情况：1）在参考文献中，如果用英文表述中国作者及著作，Shen, Dan. Stylistics and Translation. Beijing: Peking UP, 1995. 那么在正文中，引用原作者话之后要这样在括号里标注, 例如，Professor Shen writes that the standard of faithfulness and accurac

20、y is not only “a principle for translating business contracts, but an attitude in translation” (Shen 191). (引文标注用汉语拼音)。2）在参考文献中，如果用汉语表述中国作者及著作，袁振国. 当代教育学. 北京：教育科学出版社，2002. 那么在正文中，引用原作者话之后要这样在括号里标注, 例如，Educator Yuan states that the Social Educational Model was first proposed by Gardner and his collea

21、gues in early 1970s and reformulated in 1985 (袁振国 116).（引文标注用汉语方块字)。(此处引文为间接引文，故没有双引号)。（二）参考文献 References1 专著 Books格式：作者的姓名，书名，出版地，出版商和出版年份.Format: Authors last name, given name. Title. Place of publication: Publisher. Year of publication.A. 独立作者 A Book by a Single AuthorExample:王力，音韵学初步.北京：商务印书馆，19

22、80.Fairbanks, Carol. Prairie Women: Images in American and Canadian Fiction. New Haven: Yale UP, 1986.B. 同一作者两本以上的参考书 Two or More books by the Same AuthorExamples:黄国文，语篇分析概要.长沙：湖南教育出版社，1988.黄国文，英语语言问题研究.广州：中山大学出版社，1999.Hirsch, David. Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know. Boston: Houg

23、hton, 1987.Hirsch, David. The Philosophy of Composition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977.C. 同一作者两本以上同年出版的参考书Two or More books by the Same Author in the Same YearExamples:周兆祥，翻译与人生香港：商务印书馆，1996a.周兆祥，翻译初阶.香港：商务印书馆，1996b.Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation. London:Prentice Hall Interna

24、tional Ltd., 1988a.Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International Ltd., 1988b.D. 同一本书有两、三位作者A Book by Two or Three AuthorsExample:金圣华、黄国彬，因难见巧-名家翻译经验谈.香港：三联书店有限公司，1996.E. 同一本书有四位或更多作者 More than Three AuthorsExample:张三、李四等，语言杂谈.香港：博益出版有限公司，1978.Edens, Walter,et al. Tea

25、ching Shakespeare, Princeton:Princeton University Press, 1997.F. 书的主编 A Book with an EditorExamples:杨自俭、李瑞华主编，英汉对比研究论文集.上海外语出版社，1990.Hall, David. ed. The Oxford Book of American Literary Anecdotes. New York: OUP, 1981.G. 机构作者 A Book by a Corporate AuthorExample:高等学校外语学刊研究会，外国语言研究论文索引（1990-1994）.上海：上

26、海外语教育出版社，1996.H. 无作者署名的书 An Anonymous BookExample:现代汉语词典.北京：商务印书馆，1992.I. 一书多册 A Multi-volume BookExamples:张道真，现代英语用法词典（5册）.上海译文出版社，1983.Blotner, Johnson. Faulkner:Abiography (2vols.).NewYork: Random,1974.J. 翻译著作 A TranslationExamples:赵元任，中国话的文法（丁邦新译）.香港中文大学出版社，1986.Calvino, Ian. The Uses of Literat

27、ure. (P.Creagh,Trans.) San Diego: Harcourt,1986.K. 政府文件 A Government DocumentExample:中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法.香港：三联书店有限公司，1991.2. 文章 Articles格式：作者姓名，篇名，刊名，刊物的卷号和期号，年份，文章的起止页码.Format: Authors last name, given name. Article Title. Journal Title, Volume number(Issue/Issue number), year:page number.L. 期刊文章 Per

28、iodical ArticlesExample:陈渊，国外英语教材初探，外国语，1979. 1: 66-68.Fulwiler, T. How well does writing across teaching work? College English 46, 1984: 13-25.M. 论文集的文章 An Article in an Anthology or the Published Proceedings of a conferenceExample:张美芳，翻译学-关系繁多的综合性学科.黄国文主编，语文研究群言集.广州：中山大学出版社，1997：308-318.Peters, M.

29、 & Stephen, T. B. Interaction Routines as Cultural Influences upon Language Acquisition. In Schieffelin, B.B. & Ochs, E. eds. Language Socialization Across Cultures. Cambridge: CUP, 1986: 80-96.N. 报纸署名文章 A Signed Article in a Daily NewspaperExample:吴天，外来语与我国文化的冲突.牛城日报10月23日，2000：5.Darst, James. Envi

30、ronmentalists want hotels, concessions removed from US parks. Boston Globe, May 25, 1988: 17.O. 工具书署名文章 A Signed Article in a Reference BookExample:南文，联合国的口述录音翻译.中国翻译词典1997年版.Tobias, Richard. & Thurber, James. Encyclopedia Americana. 1987 ed.P. 工具书非署名文章 An Unsigned Article in a Reference BookExample

31、:Tharp, Twyla. Whos Who of American Women. 15th ed. 1987-88.Q. 社论 An EditorialExample:大力加强金融系统思想政治工作-纪念中国共产党诞生79周年.金融时报7月1日社论，2000：1.Young, Gifted, Black-and Inspired.Editorial.Washington Post, May 18, 1988: 20.3. 非文字材料 Non-printR. 电脑软件 Computer Software格式：制作人姓名、软件名(说明是电脑软件)、型号，年份.Format: Computer p

32、rogrammers last name, given name. Title (Computer software). Model number, year.Example:Rosenberg, Victor, et al. Pro-Cite. Vers.1.3. (Computer software).IBM PCDOC 2.0, 256KB, disk, 1987.T. 电影、电视、广播、幻灯、录像、录音、艺术品 Films, TV and Radio Programs, Slides, Videotapes, Audiotapes and Art Works.格式：片名(或节目名)，导

33、演(或制作者)姓名，出品地(或播出台和播出地)，年份(或播出日期).Format: Name of film. Directors last name, given name. Place of production, year (or date of showing).Examples:我的父亲母亲(电影)，张艺谋(导演).北京，1998.The Last Empero r(Film). Bertolucci, Bernardo (Director). With J. Lone & PoToole. Columbia, 1987.If God Ever Listened: A Portrai

34、t of Alice Walker. Horizons (Radio program). Rosenthal, Jane(Producer). NPR. WBST, Muncie. 3 Mar. 1984.U. 网上文献的格式：主要责任者. 题名：其他题名信息. 出版地：出版者，出版年(更新或修改日期) 引用日期.获取和访问路径(联机文献必备). He, Gang. Grammaticalization: Construction and slot. Guangzhou: CPrA. 2003 2008-10-29. /grammati

35、calization.htm.汤富华，母语语感涵义与二语语感涵义的区分EB/OL.(2004-11-15)2008-08-05./yugan/.V 采用著者-出版年制组织参考文献（即夹注）时，采用悬挂格式，悬挂缩进2个汉字符。同时有中英文参考文献时，英文文献在前，按首字母排列；中文文献在后，按拼音首字母顺序排序（见下文具体格式范本第25-26页）。（三）翻译类科研论文写作规范1. 中文名字：先写拼音，随后写中文e.g. Yan Fu 严复2. 关键词语：翻译后，紧跟原中文词语。表达方式有以下几种。 1) In the 1960s, Qian Zh

36、ongshu钱钟书explained his idea of “sublimation” 化境 as “the transmigration of souls.” 2) The poem is a lshi律诗, a poem of eight line with seven characters to each line. 3) Davis concentrated on the “golden age” of what proves to be one particular tradition of classical Chinese poetry - shi 诗 and especial

37、ly lshi律诗 “regulated poetry” - which matured and flourished under the Tang dynasty (618-906). 3汉语引文：先写英语翻译且用引号，随后紧跟中文原文但不用引号。The first exploration in this direction can be found in Zhi Qians 支谦 writing in which he quoted Lao Zis (Lao-Tzu) 老子maxim that “beautiful words are not faithful, and faithful

38、words not beautifu” 美言不信，信言不美, the time-honoured aesthetic controversy of “beauty vs. truth”.如果引语独立成段，则不用引号；如果译者是他人，译文后面要标识译者（trans. by Yan Waiping）。Qu Qiubai 瞿秋白 made a answer to Lu Xun in blunt words: Translation can indeed helps us create new words, new sentence structures, a rich vocabulary, and

39、 subtle, precise and correct ways of expressing ourselves. Since we are engaged in the struggle for a new modern Chinese language, we cannot but set two standards for translation: absolute accuracy and absolute vernacular Chinese. This is to introduce the language of a new culture to the masses. (tr

40、ans. By Yan Waiping) 翻译，的确可以帮助我们造出许多新的字眼，新的句法，丰富的词汇和细腻的精密的正确的表现。因此我们既然进行着创造中国现代的新的言语的斗争，我们对于翻译，就不能够不要求：绝对的正确和绝对的中国白话文。这是要把新的文化的言语介绍给大众。（3）4. 文章名或书名: 汉语的单独出版物用双书名号；汉语的非单独出版物用单书名号（包括诗歌名，散文等）。英语的单独出版物用下划线；英语的非单独出版物用引号。1) For instance, the title of a Chinese book like chunzai caotang shu 春在草堂书(The Compl

41、ete Works of Yu Yue 俞樾), to me defies translation. It draws upon his famous line: 花落春常在 （ “Though flowers have fallen, spring is still with us”）. We can translate The Complete Works of the Hall of Spring Being Still There, but it fails miserable to tell the readers a beautiful anecdote behind the wh

42、ole line.2) Another domestic drama, in which a clever magistrate establishes the identity of the true mother in a case of disputed custody is “The Circle of Chalk” .5翻译译例：译例是独立成段的，统一用Example X标识In Zhou Shoujuans translation, we can pick out a lot of examples that to some extent, reflect the influenc

43、e of Confucianism, Mencism and Taoism. The concrete examples are as follows.Example 1:Source text: 天性素笃厚，爱兄甚至。（死后之相见; tr.1918:3）Target text 1: She was a very pious woman. (the Relation of the Apparition of Mrs. Veal; trans. by Liu Ying in 1936)Target text 2: She was a very kind and nice woman.and lo

44、ved her brother. (trans. by He Hui in 1984) 译例是汉语词或短语的，先用拼音且为斜体，再用汉字，随后接其英语翻译且用引号。如果需要，将字面意思翻译出来并用括号。但如果，翻译是独立于句子之外的则还要加上括号。如果是他人的翻译，还要标注文献来源，例如下面的Linda 1。1) The first Chinese expression I learned was nihao你好 (“hello”; Linda 1).2) There is no equivalent of xiu 羞 “to shame”.3) Take the mythological a

45、nimal long龙in Chinese, which has often been translated into English as “dragon.”4) It is, for instance, better to put shuocaocao caocao jiudao说曹操曹操就到 into “speak of the devil and he will appear,” rather than “ Speak of Cao Cao and Cao Cao will be here right away.”5) The Chinese equivalent of “dating

46、” is you yuehui 有约会. A more serious kind of relationship is called tan lianai 谈恋爱 （literally “talk romance”）. 2008年10月修定，参考文献 中山大学英语专业论文规范上海外国语大学英语专业论文规范湘潭大学英语专业论文规范外语教学与研究格式 PART TWO 写作范本：惠州学院HUIZHOU UNIVERSITY毕 业 论 文（设 计）中文题目：_ 英文题目： 姓 名_学 号_专业班级_指导教师_提交日期_教务处制学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研

47、究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。作者签名：日期： 年 月 日小三、宋体、加粗、两汉字之间空一个汉字、居中小四、宋体、空一行小四、宋体、2倍行距摘 要隐喻研究归根到底是隐喻机制的研究，它是隐喻研究的核心。两千多年来，隐喻一直被仅仅看作一种修辞手段，一种语言的陪衬，被看作是两种不同事物事先存在的相似性的比较或一个词对另一词的替代，进而形成对隐喻阐述的比较论和替代论。现代学者通过大量研究表明，隐喻不仅仅是一种修辞手段，

48、更重要的是，它是人类的主要认知方式。隐喻这一认知方式，给人们一种新的视角，创造一种相似。因此，现代学者着重于阐述相似是如何被创造出来的。在众多的隐喻理论中，影响较大的有布莱克和莱科夫的隐喻理论。 (大约200字左右)小四、宋体、加粗关键词：隐喻；搭配；术语（中文摘要的内容和关键词应与英文摘要相对应，关键词3-5个，词与词之间用分号分开）Times New Roman、小四、2倍行距Times New Roman、小三、加粗Abstract The mechanism of metaphor is actually the nucleus of the study of metaphor. Fo

49、r more than two thousand years, metaphor was viewed as a device of rhetoric, an attachment to language. In accordance with this perspective, metaphor was a comparison between two things that do not belong to the same category or was regarded as one word used to substitute another because there were

50、preexisting similarities between them. As a result of this perspective, two theories took shape: one was the Comparison Theory, the other was the Theory of Substitution. But modern scholars discard the perspective, holding that metaphor is not only a device of rhetoric, to be more important, it is a

51、 leading way for human beings to know this world, a way of thinking. （中文摘要的对应译文）Times New Roman、小四、加粗Key words: metaphor; collocation; terms（注意：关键词3-5个，字体要加粗，词与词之间用分号分开，除专有名词外，其他单词首字母不大写）一级标题、小四、Times New Roman、加粗空一行、Times New Roman、小四Times New Roman、小三、加粗、居中Contents摘 要 .iAbstract .iiI. Introduction

52、.1II. A Historical Retrospection of Metaphor.2二级标题、小四、Times New Roman、不加粗、缩进一个字母2.1 Aristotelian School: MetaphorA Device of Rhetoric.22.2 The Platonic SchoolLanguage is Metaphorical. 52.3 The Study of Metaphor from the 20th Century to the Present.6III. On Similarity73.1 Similarity: A Fundamental Cr

53、iterion for the Classification of Metaphor.73.2 Similarity and Culture.93.3 Similarity and Category.103.4 The Relationship Between Similarity and Knowledge.13三级标题、小四、Times New Roman、不加粗、缩进约3个字母IV. On the Mechanism of Metaphor.154.1 Blacks Interaction Theory.154.1.1 Introduction to the Interaction Theory.154.1.2 Some Defects of the Interaction Theory164.2 Lakoffia