(完整版)虚拟语气详解0001

1、虚拟语气详解虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望（往往与客观事实相反），或是表示假象和猜测。 虚拟语气无论从形式上还是时态上都比较复杂，需要归类记忆。虚拟语气大体分为三类：（1） be型虚拟（2） were型虚拟（3） if条件句及主句虚拟 下面会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律， 考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型，剩 下的皆是套路（1）be型虚拟（基本是套路）形式：should + 动词原形，should 可以省略用法：1）表示命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句用be型虚拟，常见的词如下 ：dema nd, desire, insist, order, ask, comma nd, propose

2、, recomme nd, suggest, prefer, require, requests最常见的形式是这类动词后面接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要用（should）+动词原形来虚拟例:We dema nd that the meeti n（ should）be postp on ed.The man ager suggested that we （should） work together.注意：有时候你所见到不一定是上述动词引导的宾语从句，而是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句（it 做形式主语，如：it is advised/ suggested/requested/ order

3、ed/ proposed that 、表语从句或同位语从句例如：It is required that the students （should） learn a foreign Ianguage主语从句）The requireme nt is that all the equipme nt in the meet ing room （should） be checked twice before.表语从句）We did n t sta nd for his proposal that the meeti ng （should）be postp one同位语从句）只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体

4、，不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变，都用be型虚拟！特例：suggest和insist这两个比较特殊，当 suggest作 暗示、表明、说明 ”讲， insist作 坚持说”讲，后面一般跟的是客观事实，不需要虚拟 这是一个比较重要 的考点，体会下面两组句子：We all suggest that a lab (should) be built .我们都建议建一个实验室。Her expressi on suggests that she is angry也的表情说明她生气了。She in sisted that we should find the source of the river.她坚持主张我

5、们应该找到河的源头。She in sisted that she had done no thi ng wrong 她坚持说自己没做错事。suggest的区别很明显，但insist有点难辨别，一般来说如果insist后面跟的是某种主张，或是坚持要做一件事，那么用虚拟。2) 表示主观看法，常表示 某事是必要的、重要的。怎么怎么样的”，尤其是在“it is名词/形容词+ that从句”结构中，常见的形容词包括：advisable, desirable,essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, dispensab

6、le, impossible, n atural, surpris ing 等例如：It is advisable that you (should) leave now.It is necessary that teenagers (should) take part in outside activities.It is of great importa nee that smok ing (should) be banned in public area.依旧是套路，熟悉这些关键提示词即可 3) 表示 恐怕，担心，以免，万一 ”等，例如：if, lest, in case, for fe

7、ar that等，后面的从句用(should)+动词原形来虚拟注意：这里的if不是引导条件句，而是表示以防”、万一”例: He took his rain coat with him in case it (should) rain.He took his rain coat with him for fear that he (should) be caught in the rain.4) be型虚拟还用于表示 祝愿”的特殊结构，通常是 May +主语+动词原形例： May you be happy.几乎不考，了解即可（2）were型虚拟（要推时态）表达与事实情况相反、未曾实现的主观愿望，

8、形式如下:主观表达的愿望从句谓语的形式与现在事实相反的愿望过去式（be动词一律用were）与过去事实相反的愿望过去完成式had + 过去分词与将来事实相反的愿望过去将来式would/ could +动词原形用法：1）wish引导的宾语从句，表示 希望 例：I wish I were a bird.（对现在情况的虚拟）I wish you came here now.我希望你现在就来）I wish that I had passed the fi nal exam.对过去情况虚拟，实际上未通过考试 ）I wish he would/ could come to help me with my p

9、aper, but he will go on bus in essnext week.（对将来情况虚拟，实际上下周来不了 ）注意句子里的时间标志，有时没有时间标志，就需要自行体会2）if only引导的感叹句，表示 要是就好了”例：If only she were here at this moment.要是她此刻在这儿就好了。If only I hadn t made this misS是我没犯这个错误就好了。If only you would / could atte nd my wedd ing.要是你能来参加我的婚礼就好了。（现在也会用过去式表示将来，但是表示将来的不怎么会考，所以无

10、需纠结）3) would rather, would sooner, would prefer, had rath等引导的宾语从句，表示宁 愿，但愿”例：I would rather you came here now.l would rather he hadn t told me the truth.I rather you went tomorrow.（同样也会用过去式表示将来）4）as if / as though引导的状语从句，表示 似乎，好像.,与事实情况相反或 几乎不大可能会发生例: She speaks as though she were sick.He talked abo

11、ut the film as if he had seen it before.It seems as if the meeting would never end.注意：如果as if / as though后面跟的是事实或者近乎事实，则不需要虚拟，只能 意会不能言传，对比一下下面两句话就知道了，但这并不是高频考点It seems as if he has no worries看起来他似乎没有烦恼，是真的没有烦恼。It seems as if he had no worries他只是看起来没烦恼，其实内心世界很纠结。（3）if条件句及主句虚拟if引导的条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句，非真

12、实条件句的主句和从句都要用虚拟语气，表示根本不存在的情况或可能性很小的假设。主句和从句都有一定套路，而且要根据时态搭配使用，具体见下表：从句（if主句与现在事实相反过去式（be动词都用were）would/ could/ might/ should +动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成式would/ could/ might/ should +现在完成时与将来事实相反过去式/ should+动词原形/ were to dowould/ could/ might/ should +动词原形例：If I had eno ugh mon ey, I would buy myself a computer

13、.If we had had eno ugh rain last year, we could have gained a good harvest.If I should see/ were to see/ saw him tomorrow, I would in vite him home.would, could, might, should在意思上稍有区别，would语气肯定，表示十有八九 会出现的结果；could表示能够；might表示或许；should表示应该，但这个区别 真的不重要考试也不会在这个上面做文章，自己稍稍理解体会，留个印象就行。 注意1:表格中的是最基本的规则，主句和

14、从句发生在同一个时空（假如我当初 怎样，那么我当时就会怎样，都是发生在过去时间；假如我现在怎样，我现在就 会怎么怎么，都是发生在当下）。但也会有些情况，主从句动作发生的时间不一 致（假如我以前怎么样，我现在就会怎样；假如我现在怎样，我将来就会怎样。） 我们把这种类型的句子称作 错综时间”虚拟条件句,看上去很厉害的样子，其实 只需要把主从句分开独立分析， 看主、从句分别是对什么时间的虚拟， 各自对应 表格就行。关键是先判断主、从句发生时间是否一致，考试很喜欢考例：If you had worked hard, you would be very tired.如果你刚才认真工作了，你 现在就会很累

15、。主句对现在虚拟，从句对过去虚拟。If you followed my advice now, you would succeed in the final exam n ext mon th.要是你现在听我的话，下个月的期末考肯定没问题。主句对将来虚拟，从句 对现在虚拟。注意2:虚实混用,有的部分是真实的，有的部分是虚拟的，非真实的部分才虚拟，真实的部分用正常语法形式例: If I had bee n at the con cert yesterday eve nin g, I should have met the famous sin ger.But I failed to get a

16、ticket.前面是对过去的虚拟，是没发生的，但是没买到是真实发生的，所以正常用过去式即可。注意3:倒装结构：if从句中如果含有 were： should：had时可以省略if,将were,should, had倒装至主语之前例：If I were you, I would apply for the job. Were I you, I would apply for tjob.If you had take n my advice, you would n t have failed in the exam in ati on.Had you take n my advice, you w

17、ould n t have failed in the exam in ati on.If he should arrive there in adva nee, I would show him around London.Should he arrive there in adva nee, I would show him around London.注意4:有时假设的情况并不用if从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词/介词短语(without, but for 等)、副词(otherwise)、连词(or, but, but that等)、were it notfor、had it not

18、been for,这属于含蓄的虚拟语气。虽然没出现if，还是按照前面说的套路来例: Without air, there wouldn t be living things in the world.But for your advice, I would have failed.He came to town yesterday, otherwise/ or I would not have met him.She would have come to see you, but she was so busy that day.注意：were it not for +名词/名词短语、had it not been for +名词/名词短语，这两个结构也是倒装后的形式，意思是 要不是”还原成if虚拟条件句如下：If it were not for peace, we could not live a happy life.=Were it not for peace we could not live a happy life.If it had not been for your help, I would have gone bankrupt.=Had it not bee n for your help, I would have gon