选修8unit3 语言点与应用

1、 类型：说明理由类型：说明理由 典例：诚实可以赢得友谊吗？为什么？典例：诚实可以赢得友谊吗？为什么？ 模板：模板：(提出观点提出观点: 主题句主题句) there is no doubt that one can win real friendship by being honesty. (谚语证明谚语证明) just as the popular saying goes, honesty is the best policy. (理由理由 一一) honest people are more trustworthy, so others are more likely to make fri

2、ends with them. (理由二理由二) besides, being honest can avoid misunderstanding between friends, which will contribute to harmonious relationship between them. 1. _n. 专利证书专利证书 2. _ n. 人力资源人力资源; 人事部人事部 3. _ n. 粉末粉末; 火药火药 4. _ n.香水香水; 香味香味 5. _ n. 灯笼灯笼; 提灯提灯lantern patent personnel powder perfume 一、单词拼写一、单词

3、拼写 6. _n. 堵塞堵塞; 阻塞阻塞; 果酱果酱 7. _ n. 金属丝；电线金属丝；电线 8. _ n. 直升飞机直升飞机 9. _ n. 三角形三角形 10. _ n. 冰箱冰箱refrigerator jam wire helicopter triangle 11. _vt. 联想联想 n. 同伴同伴 12. _ vt. 捉住捉住; 抓住抓住; 夺夺 13. _ v. 显示显示的差别的差别 14. _ vt. 忍受忍受; 忍耐忍耐; 负担负担 15. _ adj. 熟的熟的; 成熟的成熟的ripe associate seize distinguish bear 16. _ adj.

4、 清白的清白的; 天真的天真的 17. _ adv. 高兴地高兴地; 愉快地愉快地 18. _ adv. 突然地突然地; 唐突地唐突地 19. _ n. 文件文件 vt. 提交提交 20. _ v. 轻打轻打 n.(水水)龙头龙头tap innocent merrily abruptly file 1._n. 污点污点; 颜料颜料 adj. 无锈的无锈的; 没有污点的没有污点的 _ 2. _ v. 冻结冻结; 凝固凝固 _ adj. 冰冻的冰冻的; 严寒的严寒的 二、单词拓展二、单词拓展(a)单词派生单词派生 stainless stain freezing freeze 3. _v. 鉴定鉴

5、定; 辨认辨认; 确定确定 _ n. 鉴定鉴定; 辨认辨认; 确定确定 4. _ n.流流; 电流电流 adj. 现在的现在的 _ n. 货币货币; 流通流通currency current identification identify 5. _adj. 稳固的稳固的; 稳定的稳定的; 安安 定的定的 _ n. 稳固；稳定稳固；稳定stability stable 6. _ v. 扩大扩大; 延伸延伸 _ n. 扩大扩大; 延伸延伸; 电话分机电话分机 7. _ adj. 有能力的有能力的 _ n. 能力能力; 胜任胜任; 本领本领 extend extension competent co

6、mpetence 1. water _(freeze) when the temperature drops to zero degree centigrade. 2. mark proved to be a very _ (competence) manager. (b)灵活运用灵活运用 形容词作定语形容词作定语 freezes competent 谓语动词用第三人称单数谓语动词用第三人称单数 3. much slower growth could pose a threat to social _(stable). 4. can you give me some forms of _(id

7、entify)? 名词作介词名词作介词of的宾语的宾语 stability identification 名词构成介词短语名词构成介词短语 5. today most kitchens are full of _(stain) steel. 6. the swimmer was swept away by the _(currency). stainless steel (不锈钢不锈钢)为固定搭配为固定搭配 stainless current 这里指水流这里指水流 1._ 挂断电话挂断电话 2. _ 偶尔偶尔; 有时有时 3. _开始开始; 着手着手 4. _迅速把手伸入迅速把手伸入; 一心投

8、入一心投入 三、短语翻译三、短语翻译 dive into ring off now and then set about 5. _开始开始(做做) 6. _不挂断不挂断; 稍等稍等; 紧紧握住紧紧握住 7. _次序颠倒次序颠倒; 发生故障发生故障 8. _设法联系上设法联系上(指打通电指打通电 话话); (设法设法)做完做完;通过通过 get through set out (to do) hang on out of order 1. 王强决定王强决定一心投入一心投入到英语学习中去。到英语学习中去。 1.wang qiang decided to dive into the learning

9、 of english. 2. 首先首先, 他他着手着手研究打电话的词语。研究打电话的词语。 2.first, he set about research on expressions about making a call. 四、短语运用四、短语运用 3. 他他想想弄清弄清hang on和和 ring off的区别。的区别。 3.he intended to make clear the difference between “hang on” and “ring off”. 4. 昨天他想打电话问他的老师昨天他想打电话问他的老师, 却却打打不不通通。 4.he tried to call

10、his teacher yesterday, but couldnt get through. 5. 原来他的电话原来他的电话偶尔出偶尔出 毛病毛病。 5.his telephone is out of order now and then. 合并合并: wang qiang decided to dive into the learning of english. first, he set about research on expressions about making a call. he intended to make clear the difference between “

11、hang on” and “ring off”. he tried to call his teacher yesterday, but couldnt get through. it is because his telephone is out of order now and then. 1. i set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.我着手研究蛇的习性以便能找到最我着手研究蛇的习性以便能找到最 容易的方法捉住它们。容易的方法捉住它们。(b8 p20) set abo

12、ut doing sth.=set out to do sth.着着 手做某事手做某事 五、词汇用法五、词汇用法 运用运用 根据汉语意思完成句子。根据汉语意思完成句子。 我们着手打扫房子。我们着手打扫房子。 we set _ the house. about cleaning/out to clean 2. i decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office. 我决定抓住这个机会把我的发明送到专我决定抓住

13、这个机会把我的发明送到专 利局去利局去, 请他们对于我这次成功的思路给请他们对于我这次成功的思路给 予认可。予认可。(b8 p21) 同义同义 clasp，grab，grasp，snatch 运用运用 根据汉语意思完成句子。根据汉语意思完成句子。 他突然抓住了我的手。他突然抓住了我的手。 suddenly he _ . seized my hand 3. bear vt. 忍受忍受; 忍耐忍耐; 负担负担(b8 p24) 同义同义 stand, endure, tolerate 和和put up with。常与。常与can, could连用连用, 且通常用于且通常用于 否定或疑问句中。否定或疑

14、问句中。 运用运用 根据汉语意思完成句子。根据汉语意思完成句子。 家中养猫我受不了。家中养猫我受不了。 i _ having a cat in the house. 冰太薄冰太薄, 承受不住你们的重量。承受不住你们的重量。 the ice is so thin that it _ _. cant bear your weight cant bear 4. this original telegraph sent a message over distances using morse code (a series of dots tapped out along a wire in a par

15、ticular order）. 这种原始的电报是在这种原始的电报是在 一段距离中用莫尔斯电码传递信息一段距离中用莫尔斯电码传递信息(通过通过 电线发出的以特定的次序敲击出的一连电线发出的以特定的次序敲击出的一连 串点划串点划)。(b8 p25) 运用运用 根据汉语意思完成句子。根据汉语意思完成句子。 老师轻轻地拍了下我的肩膀。老师轻轻地拍了下我的肩膀。 the teacher _ _shoulder. tapped me on the/gave me a tap on the 5. leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the wo

16、ods. 偶尔离开平路偶尔离开平路 去寻求困境。去寻求困境。(b8 p25) 运用运用 朗读并指出下列句中朗读并指出下列句中dive into的汉的汉 语意思。语意思。 she has been diving into the chinese literature.（_） 钻研钻研 the diver dived into the pool from the high diving board. ( _ ) she dived into her bag and took out a couple of coins. ( _ )迅速把手伸入迅速把手伸入 跳进跳进 6. i must ring o

17、ff now because. 我现在我现在 得挂了得挂了, 因为因为(b8 p26) 运用运用 用适当的词填空。用适当的词填空。 id better ring _now the boy is crying. ill ring _in half an hour. ring up 打电话打电话 (=call up) ring back 回电话回电话 (=call back) back off 7. i cant get through. 我打不通。我打不通。(b8 p26) 运用运用 朗读并指出下列句中划线部分的朗读并指出下列句中划线部分的 汉语意思。汉语意思。 the doorway is b

18、ig enough for five people to get through. ( _ )通过通过(门门) when you get through with your work, lets go out. ( _ ) tom got through in the examination. (_ ) i rang you several times but couldnt get through. ( _ ) 没能打通没能打通 完成完成 通过通过(考试考试) 8. im sorry, but this phone is out of order. 抱歉抱歉, 这部电话坏了。这部电话坏了。(

19、b8 p26) 联想联想 写出下列短语的意思。写出下列短语的意思。 out of breath _ out of control _失去控制失去控制 上气不接下气上气不接下气 out of question _ out of sight _ out of reach _够不着够不着 毫无问题毫无问题 看不见看不见; 在视野之外在视野之外 1. only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.只有你得到这种承认只有你得到这种承认, 你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。你才可以说是一个

20、真正的发明家。(b8 p21) 句型句型 only after/when.只有在只有在之之 后后, 才才 一、美句诵写一、美句诵写 仿写仿写 根据汉语意思完成下列英语句子根据汉语意思完成下列英语句子。 只有抓住今天只有抓住今天, 才能不丢失明天才能不丢失明天。 only when you seize today _ tomorrow. 只有当自由失去时只有当自由失去时, 人们才懂得它的价值人们才懂得它的价值。 only when one loses freedom _ one _its value.know can you win does 只是在做了几百次实验之后只是在做了几百次实验之后,

21、他们才他们才 成功地解决了这一问题。成功地解决了这一问题。 _they had performed hundreds of experiments _ they succeed in solving the problem. did only after 2. the patent was given in 1876, but it was not until five days later that bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant watson.这项专利是这项专利是1876年发布的年发布的, 但是贝尔是在五天以后才

22、跟他的助手华生通但是贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通 了第一次电话了第一次电话。(b8 p25) 句型句型 it was not until.that直到直到 才才 仿写仿写 根据汉语意思完成英语句子。根据汉语意思完成英语句子。 等你有了孩子才知道你父母的艰辛。等你有了孩子才知道你父母的艰辛。 it is _ you have kids _ you know the hardships your parents suffered. that not until 直到我遇到你以后直到我遇到你以后, 我才真正体会到幸福我才真正体会到幸福。 _i met you that i knew real

23、happiness. 直到二十世纪初直到二十世纪初, 人类才开始探索太空人类才开始探索太空。 it was not until the beginning of the twentieth century _ _. that man began to explore space it was not until 3. and they seem to have made their home here, not far from the walnut tree. 它们好像在这儿安了家它们好像在这儿安了家, 离核桃树不远。离核桃树不远。 (b8 p20) 句型句型 sb. seems to do

24、.=it seems that sb. do好像好像 仿写仿写 根据汉语意思完成下列句子。根据汉语意思完成下列句子。 他好像什么都知道他好像什么都知道。 _ _ 他好像已在销售部工作多年了。他好像已在销售部工作多年了。 _ _in sales for several years. he seems to have worked=it seems that he has worked he seems to know everything.= it seems that he knows everything. the first thing i did was to see if there

25、were any products that might help me， but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. 我所做的第一件我所做的第一件 事就是去看看是否有什么产品可以帮到事就是去看看是否有什么产品可以帮到 我我, 但是能找到的看来只有一些专门用来但是能找到的看来只有一些专门用来 灭蛇的粉末。灭蛇的粉末。(b8 p20) 二、难句分析二、难句分析 结构分析：结构分析：全句是一个由全句是一个由but连接的并列连接的并列 句句, 前一分句的主干是前一分句的主干是the first thing was to s

26、ee.; (that) i did是定语从句是定语从句, 修饰修饰the first thing; if引导的从句作引导的从句作see的的 _, 在这个从句中在这个从句中, that might help me是定语是定语 从句从句, 修饰修饰products; but后的分句中后的分句中, designed to kill snakes是过去分词短语作是过去分词短语作 _, 修饰修饰powders。定语定语 宾语宾语 prepared with some research findings, i decided1 _ three possible approaches: firstly, r

27、emoving 2 _habitat; secondly, 3 _(attract) them into a trap using male or female perfume or food; 一、课文填空一、课文填空 解析：解析：1. 搭配搭配decide on 对对作出决定。作出决定。 解析：解析：2. 指蛇的栖息地。指蛇的栖息地。 解析：解析：3. 同同removing, cooling形成并列关系。形成并列关系。 attracting their on and thirdly, cooling them so that they would become 4 _ (sleep) an

28、d could be easily caught. i decided to use 5 _ last one. i bought an ice-cream maker 6 _was made of stainless steel. 解析：解析：4. sleepy作作become 的表语。的表语。 解析：解析：5. 特指最后一个方案。特指最后一个方案。 解析：解析：6. 引导定语从句。引导定语从句。 sleepy the which/that between the outside and the inside 7 _ (wall) of the bowl there is some jell

29、y, 8_ freezes when 9 _(cool). i put the bowl into the fridge and waited for 24 hours. 10 _ the same time i prepared some ice-cubes. 解析：解析：7. 根据前面的并列关系可知用复数。根据前面的并列关系可知用复数。 解析：解析：8. 引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句。 解析：解析：9. 过去分词做状语过去分词做状语, 相当于相当于when it was cooled 的省略。的省略。 解析：解析：10. 是固定搭配。是固定搭配。 walls which co

30、oled at to trap snakes at home, the girl attempted three different ways. finally she was able to succeed in gaining a patent for her idea. 一、完形填空一、完形填空 2010天津天津 robert moody, 52, is an experienced police officer. much of his work involves dealing with 1 and gang(团伙团伙)problems in the schools of his c

31、ommunity. 1.a. alcohol b. drug c. security d. smoke 解析：解析：b根据下文的根据下文的drugs were always behind it 和和talking about drugs helped prepare me for the peer(同龄人同龄人)pressures in high school可以确定可以确定, 此此 处是指处是指“毒品毒品, 吸毒吸毒”。 knowing that many kids often 2 into trouble, he decided to do something about it. so h

32、e began to invite small groups of kids to go fishing with him on his day off. those fun trips had a(n) 3 impact. a chance encounter in 500 proved that. 3. a. immediate b. damaging c. limited d. lasting 3.d通过下文的例子通过下文的例子, 可以看出可以看出robert moody警官的钓鱼警官的钓鱼 教育法有着教育法有着“持久的持久的”影响。影响。 2. a. ran b. got c. lef

33、t d. looked 2.a由空格后的由空格后的trouble, 和句意可知此处是指和句意可知此处是指“很多小孩陷很多小孩陷 入困境之中入困境之中”。 one day, while working security at a school basketball game, moody noticed two young guys 4 . he sensed trouble between them. 5 one of them headed toward moody and gave him a hug. 5. a. slowly b. suddenly c. finally d. secr

34、etly 5. b 在在robert moody警官意识到要出乱子的时候警官意识到要出乱子的时候, “突然突然” 发生了下面的事情。对发生了下面的事情。对robert moody警官来说有点意外。警官来说有点意外。 4. a. quarrelingb. complaining c. talkingd. cheering 4. a从下文的从下文的he sensed trouble between them.可以判断，可以判断， 那两个人是在那两个人是在“吵架吵架”。 “ i 6 you. you took me 7 when i was in fifth grade. that was one

35、of the 8 days of my life.” 6. a. understand b. hear c. see d. remember 6.d因为下文提到是五年级带着去钓鱼，所以用因为下文提到是五年级带着去钓鱼，所以用 remember比较恰当。比较恰当。 7. a. fishing b. sailing c. boating d. swimming. 7.a我读五年级的时候我读五年级的时候, 你带着我去钓鱼。你带着我去钓鱼。 8. a. quietest b. longest c. best d. busiest 8.c既然记得那么清楚既然记得那么清楚, 说明那天对他来说很重要说明那天

36、对他来说很重要, 所以用所以用best。 deeply touched by the boys word, moody decided to create a foundation that 9 teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. “as a policeman, i saw where there was violence, drugs were always behind it. they have a damaging 10 on the kids, ” says moody. 9. a. connects b.

37、 introduces c. reduces d. commits 9.b把青少年引导过来。把青少年引导过来。 10. a. impression b. burden c. decision d. impact 10.d此处此处have an impact on是一个固定短语是一个固定短语, 意思是意思是 “对对有影响有影响”。 by turning kids on to fishing, he 11 to present an alternative way of life. “when youre sitting there waiting for a bite, ” he says, “

38、you cant help but talk to each other, and such 12 can be pretty deep.” 11. a. asked b. intended c. pretended d. agreed 11.b此处此处by turning kids on to fishing是方式是方式, 表示表示 意图意图, 用用intended合适。合适。 12. a. concernsb. interests c. conversations d. emotions 12.c与前面的与前面的talk to each other意义一致意义一致。 “talking ab

39、out drugs helped prepare me for the peer pressures in high school, ” says michelle, who 13 in the first program. “and i was able to help my little brother avoid drugs.” 13. a. participatedb. worked c. approvedd. made 13.a此处此处participated in是是“加入加入, 参加参加”的意思的意思; worked out 的意思是的意思是“解出解出, 制定制定, 锻炼锻炼”等

40、等; approved of 是是“赞同赞同”; made up是是“编造编造, 组组 成成”。 moody faces 14 in three years, when he hopes to run the foundation full-time.“ im living a happy life and i have a responsibility to my 15 to give back, ” moody says.“ if i teach a kid to fish today, he can teach his brother to fish tomorrow.” 14. a.

41、unemploymentb. challenge c. competitiond. retirement 14.d 根据后面的根据后面的when he hopes to run the foundation full- time.说明他不做工作才能全职管理基金说明他不做工作才能全职管理基金, 因此可判断是三因此可判断是三 年后年后, 退休。退休。 15. a. team b. school c. family d. community 15.d原词复现原词复现, 第一段中提到第一段中提到his community。 on ones day off 在某人休息日在某人休息日 have a res

42、ponsibility to 有责任做某事有责任做某事 community 社区社区 alternative 替换物替换物 peer 同龄人同龄人 foundation 基金会基金会 gave sb. a hug 给某人一个拥抱给某人一个拥抱 have an impact on 对对有影响有影响 助读词汇助读词汇 二、阅读理解二、阅读理解 2010江西江西 modern inventions have speeded up peoples lives amazingly. motor- cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour

43、, aircraft cross the world inside a day, while computers operate at lightning speed. indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boasts of saving precious seconds in handling tasks. all this saves time, but at a price.

44、when we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. we get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet- lag; our bodies feel that they have been left behind in another time zone. again, spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers. m

45、obile phones also have their dangers， according to some scientists: too much use may transmit harmful radiation into our brains, a consequence we do not like to think about. however, what do we do with the time we have saved? certainly not relax, or so it seems. we are so accustomed to constant acti

46、vity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time. perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world. there was a time when some peoples lives were devoted simply to the cultivation

47、 of the land or the care of cattle. no multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. there is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faced: they farmed with bare hands, of

48、ten lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood to stone. modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence. 助读词汇助读词汇 handle 处理处理 cultivation 耕作耕作 boast 吹嘘吹嘘 primitive 原始的原始的 transmit 传送传送 consequence 结果结果 1.the new products become more and more time-saving because _. a.

49、our love of speed seems never- ending b. time is limited c. the prices are increasingly high d. the manufacturers boast a lot 1.a细节理解题。根据第一段第三句细节理解题。根据第一段第三句indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending可知。可知。 2. whats the danger of using mobile phones too much? a. it leads to painful wrists and fing

50、ers. b. we may get the uncomfortable feeling as jet-lag. c. harmful radiation may enter our brains. d. we may feel sick and tired. 2.c细节理解题。根据第二段细节理解题。根据第二段too much use may transmit harmful radiation into our brains可知。可知。 3. what does “the days” in paragraph 3 refer to? a. imaginary life. b. simple

51、life in the past. c. times of inventions. d. time for constant activity. 解析：解析：b词义猜测题。根据句子结构可知词义猜测题。根据句子结构可知the days为先行词为先行词, 后面是由后面是由when引导的定语从引导的定语从 句句, 根据从句的意思可推知根据从句的意思可推知the days指的是指的是 “过去简单的生活过去简单的生活”。 4. what is the authors attitude towards the modern technology? a. critical.b. objective. c.

52、optimistic.d. negative. 解析：解析：b推理判断题。作者开始谈到现代社推理判断题。作者开始谈到现代社 会不好的一面会不好的一面, 向往过去简单的生活向往过去简单的生活, 但最后但最后 话锋一转话锋一转, 又说过去生活的艰难。可以看出作又说过去生活的艰难。可以看出作 者的观点是比较客观的。者的观点是比较客观的。 5. what does the passage mainly discuss? the present and past times. b. machinery and human beings. c. imaginations and inventions. d

53、. modern technology and its influence. 解析：解析：d主旨大意题。本文主要讲述并主旨大意题。本文主要讲述并 客观分析了现代科技给人类社会带来的客观分析了现代科技给人类社会带来的 影响。影响。 段落主题句的模式段落主题句的模式 高考的读写任务的高考的读写任务的“发表看法发表看法”部部 分分, ,通常是三个要点通常是三个要点, ,建议将三个要点依建议将三个要点依 次设为三段次设为三段, ,每段写一个主题句每段写一个主题句, ,放在段放在段 首首, ,然后再围绕主题句进行展开。这样可然后再围绕主题句进行展开。这样可 使写作内容一目了然使写作内容一目了然, ,既可

54、避免写作时出既可避免写作时出 现走题或偏题现走题或偏题, ,又方便改卷老师落实要点又方便改卷老师落实要点 是否齐全。写主题句的主要方法有：是否齐全。写主题句的主要方法有： 1.具体回答具体回答 对含特殊问句性质的要点对含特殊问句性质的要点, 问什么答什么问什么答什么 如：如： (1) 假如你处在那些动物的处境假如你处在那些动物的处境, 你会有你会有 什么反应？什么反应？(2009广东广东) if i were an animal in the wildlife park, i could feel annoyed when people keep photographing with me.

55、(感觉烦恼感觉烦恼) (2) 你认为好老师应该具有什么样的好你认为好老师应该具有什么样的好 品质。品质。(2007汕头一模汕头一模) in my eyes, a good teacher should treat his students fairly as well as make the class lively and interesting.(公平对待学公平对待学 生生, 上课生动有趣上课生动有趣) 2.肯否明确肯否明确 对带有一般问句性质对带有一般问句性质, 要求考生作出肯定要求考生作出肯定 或否定回答的要点或否定回答的要点, 考生要明确表示支持考生要明确表示支持 还是反对、赞同还是

56、不赞同、该还是不还是反对、赞同还是不赞同、该还是不 该等该等, 或表明会不会做某事。如：或表明会不会做某事。如： (1)你是否赞成你是否赞成(熄灯一小时活动熄灯一小时活动)这种做这种做 法并说明理由法并说明理由; (2011深圳二模要点深圳二模要点(1) im strong for this activity , which is really meaningful and helpful. (赞成赞成) (2)你认为是否应该禁止游客和动物拍照。你认为是否应该禁止游客和动物拍照。 (2009广东广东) i believe that taking photos with animals should be banned. (应该应该) 3.直接翻译直接翻译 对不含提问性质的要点对不含提问性质的要点, 一般将其译成英一般将其译成英 语即可。必要时语即可。必要时, 可增加关联词。如：可增加关联词。如： (1)其它督促