新课标人教版】(全国通用)2012届高考英语一轮复习精讲精练学案必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists

1、Unit 1Great scientists.重点单词聚焦1We were_(击败，打败) 01 in the football game，which made us very upset.答案：defeated2Some_(专家) in the field of English teaching have been invited to give us a lecture.答案：experts3Environmental pollution is one of the most serious_(挑战) we face.答案：challenges4The police_(怀疑) the ma

2、n in the red jacket was a criminal，but they didnt have any evidence.答案：suspected5So busy was the mother that she had to ask her neighbor to _(照顾) her baby for a day.答案：attend6After graduating from college，he became an excellent_(内科医生)答案：physician7Happiness，instead of medicine，was the_(治愈方法) for her

3、illness.答案：cure/treatment8People all around the world tried to help the_(受害者) of the earthquake in that area.答案：victims9Richardson_(推断出) from his studies that equality between the sexes is still a long way off.答案：concluded10Youd better not be_(暴露) to the sun too long；it may lead to skin diseases.答案：

4、exposed.重点短语扫描1put 提出2 .to 使显露；暴露3apart 除之外；此外4make 讲得通；有意义5draw a 得出结论6link. .将和联系或连接起来7be with.对严格的8make for为腾地方9be to 应受谴责，应负责任forwardexposefromsenseconclusiontostrictroomblame10be 违背，反对11point of 态度，观点，看法12slow 减速13lead 通向，导致14look 调查againstviewdowntointo.课文原句突破1人们不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。_its cause_i

5、ts cure was understood.答案：Neither；nor2每次暴发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。So many thousands of terrified people died_ _ there was an outbreak.答案：every time 3为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。_ _ this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies_ _.答案：To prevent；be examined4只有当你把太阳放

6、在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。_ _you put the sun there_the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.答案：Only if；did5他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星围绕着它转，只有月球仍绕着地球转。He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system _the planets _round it and only the moon still going round the earth.答案：with；goingconc

7、lusion nC，U 结论；结束教材原句P1：Draw a conclusion得出结论We may conclude from his appearance that he is a heavy smoker.从他的外表我们可以断定他烟抽得很凶。We concluded the meeting with an English song.我们以一首英语歌结束这次会议。They came to the conclusion that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace.他们断定是小偷偷走了他们的钻石项链。We will ha

8、ve a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。In conclusion，I think there is hope for the future.总之， 我认为将来还有希望。1.Ann seems to be upset.Whats up?She_from the voice on the line that her mother is not satisfied with her test scores.Aincludes BconcludesCsuggestsDcontains

9、解析：下句意为：她根据电话中的声音判定母亲对她的考试成绩不满意。答案：Bdefeat (defeated；defeated) vt.打败；战胜；使受挫；n.失败教材原句P2：JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”The army was welltrained and wellarmed，and had little difficulty defeating the enemy.这支部队装备齐全又受过良好的训练，打败敌人没有困难。Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome，she ne

10、ver let her problems defeat her.虽然生活中有许多困难，但她从不让困难打败自己。Our baseball team has suffered another defeat.我们的棒球队再次失败。辨析：defeat，beat与win这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但用法不尽相同。(1)defeat和beat都可接sb.作宾语，一般可以互换，其宾语通常是“人”或“一个团体”，如a team，a class，a school，an army等。另外，defeat还可用于指战争中“击败”敌军或入侵者。(2)win后接sth.，如game，war，prize，love，respe

11、ct等；后接sb.时表示“争取某人”。2.用win，beat或defeat填空：(1)Much to his disappointment，he was badly _in the election.(2)Who do you think will_the beauty contest?(3)You_me in the race，but Ill_you at tennis.答案：(1)defeated(2)win(3)beat/defeated；beat/defeatexpose vt.暴露，揭露；使曝光；使面临教材原句P2：But he became inspired when he tho

12、ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。Dont expose your skin to direct sunlight，or youll get sunburnt.不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。The bicycle was exposed to the wind and rain.那辆自行车任由风吹雨打。We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.我们想

13、让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。As a nurse in the war she was exposed to many dangers.作为战地护士，她置身于危险之中。3.完成句子暴露在阳光下太久对皮肤有伤害。_sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.答案：Being exposed to absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；并入，并吞教材原句P2：The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their

14、meals.第二种看法表明人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。(1)absorb ones attention吸引某人注意(2)absorbed adj.聚精会神的；专心致志的，极感兴趣的be absorbed by/into被吞并，被所吸收be absorbed/buried in全神贯注于I was so absorbed in this book that I didnt hear you come in.我正入神地看这本书，连你进来也没听见。Absorbed in his work，Tom simply forgot food and sleep.汤姆专心于工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。

15、The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司渐渐把这些小公司吞并了。4.(2010河南省实验中学模拟)For the next two hours she was_the film，so she didnt notice what happened around her.Aengaged inBbusy withCabsorbed inDoccupied with解析：考查短语辨析。句意为：在此后的两个小时里，她在专心看电影，因而没有注意到周围所发生的事情

16、。be engaged in从事；be busy with忙于；be absorbed in全神贯注于；be occupied with忙于。答案：C5_in her new novel，the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours in her study.AHaving deeply absorbedBDeeply absorbingCDeeply having been absorbedDDeeply absorbed解析：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。短语be absorbed in的意思为“专心于”。答案：Dbl

17、ame vt.责备；谴责；把归咎于是；n.过失；责备教材原句P2：It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。 The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving.警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。I dont blame you for doing that.我不责备你做了那事。The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.这位司机不应承担交通事故。You must bear the blame fo

18、r the accident.你必须承担这次事故的责任。6.(安徽高考)Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16yearold boy，saying that he was not the one _.AblamedBblamingCto blameDto be blamed解析：he was not the one to blame意为“他不是那个应该受责备的人”。答案：C7(福建高考)_for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits.ABlamingBBl

19、amedCTo blameDTo be blamed解析：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：Alice因为电脑网络故障被责备，情绪很低落。非谓语形式用做原因状语，主语是这个动作的承受者，故用过去分词blame。D项to be blamed有将要的意思。答案：B8Dont always_your own failure_others.Sometimes you yourself_.Ablame；on；are to be blamedBblame；for；are to blameCblame；on；are to blameDblame；for；are to be blamed解析：句意为：不要总把

20、失败归咎于他人。有时该责怪你自己。blame sth.on sb.把归咎于某人；be to blame该受责备，要用主动式表被动意义。答案：Ccontribute vt.& vi.捐款；贡献；捐助He contributed some money to the flood victims.他捐出一些钱给遭受水灾的难民。Our teacher tells us that exercise contributes to good health.我们的老师告诉我们锻炼有助于身体健康。He has made great contributions to a space development prog

21、ram.他对太空发展计划有很大贡献。Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to a newspaper.许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐钱，这使他重新回到了校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的文章并把它投到了报社。9.Eating too much fat can_heart diseases and cause high blood pressure.Ares

22、ult fromBcontribute toCattend toDdevote to解析：contribute to导致，其后常接表示结果的名词。答案：Bput forward 提出(建议)；推荐；将提前教材原句P1：Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出的黑洞理论？He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.他在会上提了一个很好的建议。The plan put forward by the old professor was well worth considering.那位老

23、教授提出的计划很值得考虑。They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.他们将婚礼日期提前了一周。put aside节省；储蓄；储存put away放好；积蓄put off延期；推迟put on穿上；演出put out熄灭；生产put up举起；张贴；公布；挂起；建造Never put off till tomorrow what you can to today.今日事今日毕。Its wise to have some money put away for old age.存些钱养老是明智的做法。They have p

24、ut up a lot of highrise buildings recently.最近他们盖起来很多高楼大厦。10.完成句子The manager was very satisfied with the suggestion that Mr Smith_(昨天在会议上提出的)答案：put forward at the meeting yesterdayapart from除之外；此外教材原句P4：Apart from the construction mentioned above you have also learned the following phrases.除了以上提到的结构，

25、你也学过下面的词组。Apart from you，I had no one to talk to.(相当于but/except)除了你，我再也没有可交谈的人了。Apart from a few faults，he is a respectable teacher.(相当于except for)除几个缺点外，他是个值得尊敬的老师。This essay is good apart from a couple of spelling mistakes.除了有些拼写错误，这篇文章写得不错。in addition to相当于介词besides，表示“除以外还”。In addition to giving

26、 a general introduction to computers，the course also provide practical experience.课程除了介绍一般电脑知识之外，还提供实际操作的机会。11.(2010杭州学军中学模拟)_its low cost，the appeal of iron as a building material lies in its strength，its resistance to fire，and its potential to span vast areas.AOther thanBApart fromCExcept forDRath

27、er than解析：句意为：除了低成本外，对作为建筑材料的铁的需求在于其自身的优点，耐火性以及在其他广泛领域中的应用潜能。apart from在此处相当于介词besides，符合语意。other than除了；except for除以外，rather than胜于，均不符合语意。答案：B12She knows nothing about her new neighbor_he moved into the building last Sunday.Aexcept thatBexceptCapart fromDbesides解析：此题考查except后跟宾语从句的用法，except后连词不可省略

28、。答案：Amake sense有意义；有道理；讲得通教材原句P7：Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。This sentence just doesnt make sense，no matter how you read it.无论你怎样读这个句子，它还是讲不通。It makes no sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper on

29、es are just as good.这些便宜的大衣也很好，何必非买那件贵的不可呢？make sense of理解，明白make no sense没道理，没意义there is no sense in doing sth.做没道理in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说in no sense决不Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it.我把这首诗又读了一遍之后才理解了它的含义。Theres no sense in getting angry about it.为此生气是没有意思的。You are ri

30、ght in a sense，but you dont know all the facts.在某种意义上你是对的，但你不了解全部事实。13.Whats the central idea of the passage，Bob?Sorry，I cant make_of it.Its beyond my ability.AjudgementBunderstandingCideaDsense解析：句意为：Bob，这篇文章的中心思想是什么？对不起，我不明白(这篇文章)。这超出我的能力范围了。make sense of明白，理解。答案：DNeither its cause，nor its cure wa

31、s understood.人们既不知道其起因，又不知道它的治疗方法。neither.nor.既不，也不，连接句中两个相同成分。Neither my father nor I was there.我父亲和我都不在那里。I have neither time nor money for the ball.我既没时间也没钱参加舞会。 If Joes wife wont go to the party，neither will I.如果Joe的妻子不参加晚会，我也不去。The man never went to school，so he could neither read nor write.这个人

32、从来没上过学，因此他既不会读也不会写。14.Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and_.AI was neitherBneither was ICI was eitherDeither was I解析：句意为：比尔对Jason做报告推迟这件事表示不高兴，我也不高兴。根据题意可知，我也不 (高兴)，neither/nor系动词/助动词/情态动词sb.表示某人也不 (同意或赞成上文的观点)，易把either看做neither，无either was I句式，故选B。答案：BSo many thousands of ter

33、rified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。(1)every time引导一个时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意思是“每当”。 (2)名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的有：every time，each time，any time，the last time，next time，the first time，the moment，the second，the minute，the hour，the day等。 (3)有些副词，如directly，instantly，immediatel

34、y也可引导状语从句。Every time I catch a cold，I have pains in my back.我每次感冒背就痛。The first time I climbed onto the wall，I felt very nervous.我第一次爬到墙上去时，感到很紧张。She let out a cry the moment she saw the snake.她一看到蛇就叫了起来。I left immediately the clock struck 5.钟刚敲了五下我就离开了。(1)for the first time是介词短语，只可作时间状语，而the first t

35、ime是连词，引导时间状语从句。 (2)It is the first time that.如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果用was，则用过去完成时。 (3)Its high/about time that.从句动词用过去时或should动词原形。It is the first time that I have been to Beijing.这是我第一次去北京。It is high time that we left for Beijing.该到我们出发去北京的时间了。15.(2009辽宁卷)Its the first time that he has been to Austra

36、lia，_？Aisnt heBhasnt heCisnt itDhasnt it解析：句意为：这是他第一次到澳大利亚，不是吗？Its the first time that.是固定句型，反意疑问句的构成需依据主句的主语和谓语而定。答案：C16(2009陕西卷)This is the first time we_a film in the cinema together as a family.AseeBhad seenCsawDhave seen解析：句意为：这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。“This/It is the序数词time that 从句”为固定句型，that从句需用现在完成时。

37、答案：D17Dont stop_you meet with a word you dont understand.Aat the timeBeach timeCby the timeDsometimes解析：考查名词性词组用做连词引导时间状语从句。句意为：不要每次遇到不理解的词就停下来。有类似用法的还有：next time(下次)，last time(上次)，the moment(一就)等。而A、D两项不能连接句子，C项意义不对。答案：B18(2011云南玉溪模拟)_you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to o

38、thers.AAt timesBSome timeCEvery timeDThe time解析：句意为：每次你与别人交谈或写信息，你都向别人展示你的技能。every time是名词词组用做连词，引导时间状语从句。答案：CTo prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测。suggest在此意为“建议”，后接从句作宾语时，谓语动词要用should do，should可以省略。I

39、 suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way.我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。He suggested that we sit down to work out a practical solution.他建议我们坐下来拟定一个实际的解决办法。(1)suggest后接动词时要用ing形式。(2)suggest意为“暗示”时，表语从句用正常的时态。The headmaster suggested putting off the sports meeting because of the bad weathe

40、r.由于天气不好，校长建议推迟运动会。Her expression on the face suggested that she was not satisfied with what we had done.她脸上的表情暗示了她对我们做的事情不满意。19.Janes pale face suggested that she_ill，and her parents suggested that she_a medical examination.Abe；should haveBwas；haveCshould be；hadDwas；has解析：句中第一个suggest意为“表明”，从句不用虚拟语

41、气，应用过去时态；第二个suggest意为“建议”，应用虚拟语气，省略了should。答案：B.完成句子1We are divided into 6 groups to discuss the questions_(提出) by the teacher.答案：put forward2In the end，he_(得出结论) that the murderer was one of the four people.答案：concluded/drew a/the conclusion3The camera_(连接到) a computer so that the photos can be cop

42、ied onto the computer.答案：is linked to4In fact，_(除之外)money，the old man needs more care.答案：apart from5It is not the child but his parents who_(该负责) for this.答案：is to blame6The police_(调查) the case for several months but didnt find any useful clues.答案：had looked into7The bus_(减速) and stopped as it appr

43、oached the bus station.答案：slowed down8When the party_(结束)，the girls left together.答案：came to an end.巧思妙解1(2011江西师大附中模拟)_you take part in physical activity_be able to keep fit and stay healthy.AOnly if；you willBOnly if；will youCUnless；you willDUnless；will you解析：考查部分倒装。句意为：只有参加体育锻炼，你才能保持身体健康。“Only状语从句

44、”放于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。此处是“Onlyif引导的条件状语从句”，故主句须用倒装形式，因而排除A、C两项，unless不符合语意，故排除D而选B。答案：B 2Only at the moment_that only_late for the meeting.Everybody else was seated calmly in their places.Adid I realize；I wasBdid I realize；was ICI realized；I wasDI realized；was I解析：考查倒装句和语序。当only修饰主语之外的句子成分如状语、宾语并与它所修饰的成分一起放在句首时，句子要用倒装，因此第一空用倒装形式；第二空的only修饰宾语从句的主语，此时句子应用正常语序，因此选A。答案：A3Every one of us must know：_we live can we save the earth.Aby changing the way onlyBonly by changing the wayCby only changing the wayDby changing only the way解析：空格后为倒装语序，判定选项应为only介词短语。答案：B4_by keeping down c