基于Matlab的ASK、FSK、PSK信号的算法研究（外文翻译）

1、 基于matlab的ask、fsk、psk信号的研究算法（外文翻译） integrated circuit 1.integrated circuit integrated circuits are using specialized manufacture technology, components and attachment to the integrity of the circuit of printed on a substrate, and complete particular function.integrated circuit on the structure featu

2、res are: adopt direct coupling method; in order to overcome the temperature drifting which brought directly by the coupled way, using the phenomenon of temperature compensation method; adopt a large number of bjt or make a constant current source fet, instead of big resistance, or used to set the st

3、atic current;use method mulriple pipe to replace of the single pipe performance.according to their function, integrated circuit of the different structure can be divided into analog integrated circuits, digital integrated circuit and mold mixture three integrated circuit.analog integrated circuit al

4、so called linear circuit, used to produce, amplification and dealing with various kinds of analog signals (such as semiconductor radios audio signal), the input signal and the output signal has proportional relations.while digital integrated circuit used to produce, amplification and deal with vario

5、us digital signals, digital signal means the signal is discreted based on time. (for example the 3g mobile phones, digital cameras, digital tv, computer cpu logic control and replay the audio and video signals).according to the production process of integrated circuit,it can be divided into semicond

6、uctor integrated circuit and membrane integrated circuit.film integrated circuit can divided into thick-film integrated circuits and thin-film integrated circuit;according to the conductive types, they can be divided into a bipolar integrated circuit and unipolar type integrated circuits,they are al

7、l digital integrated circuits.bipolar type ic manufacturing process is complicated,the consumption of power is bigger,the represent integrated circuits are ttl, htl ecl, tl, sttl, developed - type etc. unipolar type of integrated circuits,simple manufacturing process is also lower power consumption,

8、easy to made large-scale integrated circuits,represent integrated circuits are cmos, nmos and pmos type etc. according to the application of integrated circuit,it can be divided into standard general integrated circuit and application-specific integrated circuit,according to the use they can be divi

9、ded into television integrated circuit and sound integrated circuit, vcr use integration,pc integrated circuit, microcomputer with integrated circuits, communication integrated circuit, cameras use integrated circuits, remote control integrated circuit, language integrated circuits, alarm integrated

10、 circuit and various application-specific integrated circuit.television integrated circuit including row and field scans integrated circuits, putting integrated circuits, sound integrated circuits, color decoding integrated circuits, av/tv conversion integrated circuits, switch integrated circuits,

11、remote control integrated circuit, decoding, integrated circuits, the paint of paint processing integrated circuits, microprocessor integrated circuits, memory integrated circuit, etc.;stereo and radio decoding integrated circuit including audio preamplifier, audio operation amplifier integrated cir

12、cuits, audio power amplifier integrated circuits, level driver integrated circuits, electronic volume control ic, delay reverberation integrated circuit, etc.; vcd integrated circuits have system control integrated circuits, video coding ic, megf decoding integrated circuits, audio signal processing

13、 integrated circuits, the acoustics integrated circuits, rf signal processing integrated circuits, digital circuit processing integrated circuits, servo integrated circuits, motor drive ic, etc;video recorder integrated circuit has system control integrated circuits, servo integrated circuit, drive

14、ic, audio processing integrated circuits, video processing integrated circuit. 2.integrated operational amplifier circuitintegrated operational amplifier circuit is high gain direct coupling amplifying circuit, and its the earliest published and most widely used.at first its used in various analog s

15、ignals operations, is a kind of high magnification, high input resistance, low output resistance of direct coupling amplifying circuit.with the feature of high reliability,convenience, good performance of amplifying(such as extreme amplification method of multiple, with wider broad passband, very lo

16、w zero temperature drifting, etc.), and other characteristics.with the constantly improvement of the standard of technology and the reduce of price，as a general high-performance amplifiers,currently has widely applicated in automation control, precision measurement, communication, signal processing,

17、 waveform produce and some other kinds of electronic technology applications.in integrated circuit technology is difficult to manufacture inductive components;the input stage of operational amplifiers are using differential amplifying circuit，it requires the two tubes performance should be the same;

18、in integrated circuit, more appropriate resistance should roughly be 10 to 30；it is used the diodes and transistors constitute, it takes the launch level, base level, collector and appropriatly used in combination.integrated amp are divided into general type, low power consumption type, high precisi

19、on type, high impedance type. integrated amp is a kind of high voltage magnification (usually more than the forth power of ten) multi-level directly coupled amplifier, internal circuit, usually consist of the input stage, intermediate grade the output stage and offset circuit four parts.input level

20、role is to provide the coincidental and reverse input,and should have higher input resistance and certain magnification, while also minimize zero drift, so, the differential amplifying circuit had been commonly used.the intermediate grade major functions is to provide adequate high voltage magnifica

21、tion, often use total emission amplifier circuit.the role of the output stage is to provide certain signal amplitude load voltage and the signal current,and should have certain protection function.output level generally use the output level at very low resistance level or make up by complementary sy

22、mmetry output circuit which consist of two output level. offset circuits function is to provide the needed at all levels the stability of static working current.a representative of integrated operational amplifier amplification times, because the integrated operational amplifier is differential inpu

23、t, the input stage has two input, therefore with + says the coincidental input, with - said reverse. the characteristic of ideal integration is op-amp open loop differential-mode voltage magnification is approaching to infinite; the differential-mode input resistance is approaching to infinite; outp

24、ut resistance close to zero; common mode rejection ratio is approaching to infinite; output voltage u input disorders current imbalance i and their drift are zero.because input resistance is approaching to infinity, namely, the input current of ideal op-amp two input terminal is approximate to zero;

25、 because voltage magnification is approaching to infinity, namely, ideal op-amp two input terminal point are approximately equal. a (od) refers to integrated operational without plus a feedback loop put under the circumstance of differential-mode magnification, for integrated amp, hope a (od) large

26、and stability;the differential-mode input resistance r (id) size reflects integrated amp inputs for the differential-mode input signal to the size of the current.r (id) is much bigger much better; output resistance r (o) size reflects integrated operational in small signal output load ability; commo

27、n mode rejection ratio cmrr) to reflect the integrated amp input common-mode signal suppression ability, cmrr), the bigger the better; maximum differential mode from integrated amp input voltage in the input see, generally has two or more input duanxiang series, if the differential-mode voltage inpu

28、t to launch too high, it will make the breakdown; maximum input common-mode voltage is input common-mode signals over a certain value, integrated amp didnt work properly, lose the differential-mode amplification ability; input disorders voltage is to point to to make output voltage is zero and in th

29、e input voltage, and compensation of its size reflects the degree and the asymmetry of circuit, the ease of zero; - 3db bandwidth refers to rise, with the input signal frequency amplifier circuit voltage magnification drop, then to the 0.707 times frequency for cut-off frequency, measured in decibel

30、s 3db, therefore fell to the frequency called cap at cut-off frequency, also called - 3db bandwidth. 3.the way of coupling between multi-level amplifier circuit the coupling way of multi-level amplifier circuit are direct coupling capacitance, coupling resistance, transformer coupling and photoelect

31、ric coupling.direct coupling between the amplifier circuit before coupling capacitance, grade two levels without directly with wire connection between. enlarge change very slowly in the signal and dc component varying signal, must adopt direct coupled mode. in integrated circuit, in order to avoid t

32、he difficult of manufacture high-capacity capacitor, we also use direct coupled mode.so directly coupled amplifier circuit principle and analysis method of capacitance coupled with resistance amplifier circuit are exactly the same. because no coupling capacitors, so direct coupling amplifying circui

33、t at low frequency voltage of magnification wont because signal frequency decrease. at high frequencies, transistor junction and circuit of the distributed capacitance on signal current role with the shunt capacitance coupled amplifying circuit as friction cannot oversight, so as the signal frequenc

34、y of increased voltage magnification also can be reduced.direct coupling seems simple; actually it brings much more problems than resistance of capacitance coupled. there are two major problem need to be solved：one is, the latter stage of the static set-point influence each other; another is the so-

35、called zero drift. zero drift is a ideal directly coupled amplifying circuit, when the input signal is equal to its output voltage should remain unchanged (not necessarily zero). but in fact, put a multi-level amplifier circuit directly coupled short-circuited the input voltage, measure their output

36、, but see a recorder on the scale, it does not keep constant value, but slowly, changing without regular. this phenomenon is called zero-drifting, short for zero drift.the principle of restrain zero drift when in static is to make the equal of voltage of the two ends, namely, make the two circuit sh

37、ortcut, this time, from negative power through the resistance and two tube launch level provide two pipe base level. because the symmetry, the two collector current are equal, so collector voltages output is zero. when the temperature changes, for example, when the temperature rises, the collector c

38、urrent circuits two pipe will increase, collector spotting downshift. due to the circuit symmetrical, so both tube the variation of equal. although each tube produces the zero-point drift, but, owing to the change of two tube collector point when offset each other, so the output voltage still is zer

39、o. visible zero drift completely suppressed. symmetry of two tube amplifier circuit differential produced the coincidental drift (whatever the reasons are)they have inhibition, these are outstanding advantages.the way of resistance capacitance coupled is via the amplifier circuit preamp output termi

40、nal after by capacitance received input, called resistance level capacitance coupled mode. due to the capacitance of the circuit reactance for straight flow are infinity, so, the way between resistance levels capacitance coupled amplifier circuit are interlinked, the static set-point are independent

41、 at various levels. as long as the input signal frequency is high, the coupling capacitance capacity is big; the preamp output signals can be almost no attenuation to transfer to the latter stage input. therefore, in the division element circuit resistance capacitance coupled way to get very widely.

42、 but capacitance coupled circuit, resistance is poor, cannot enlarge low-frequency characteristics of signal changes slowly; in integrated circuit of the capacitance is a hard problem to manufactures large capacity, therefore, the way of resistance capacitance coupled is not conveniently to be integ

43、rated.transformer coupling will be the preamp output amplifier circuit after the level by transformer received input or load resistor, called transformer coupling. the advantage of the circuit is that it can achieve impedance transformation, thus, in the division element power amplifier circuit, its

44、 widely used. but the transformer coupled circuit by magnetic circuit and level of coupling, which operates at various levels of static amplifier circuit independent of one another. its low frequency characteristics is poor, cannot enlarge signals which changes slowly, and very heavy, cannot been in

45、tegrated.photoelectric coupler are the basic components to make these come true, photoelectric coupling it will shine components (light emitting diode) and photosensitive components (photoelectric triode) mutual insulation to fit together, its working principle is light emitting components as input

46、circuit, it will convert electronic into light; photosensitive components as the output circuit, it will turn the light into electronic again, realizing the two part of the circuit isolated by the gas of electronic, therefore, it can restrain electricity interference effectively. when dynamic signal

47、 input circuit is equal to a static current, a static current output loop, thus identify static pipe pressure drop. when a dynamic signal, static with input circuit output loop current changes will produce a static current linear change, the resistance will convert current changes of voltage change.

48、 because the number of the transmission rate is small, so, usually, output voltage needed further amplification. in fact, at present we had the integrated amplifier circuit of photoelectric coupling, have stronger amplification ability.4.differential amplifying circuitintegrated operational amplifie

49、r circuit is a high performance multistage directly coupled amplifying circuit, it is also a commonly highly multi-function components. and a key part of the integrated operational amplifier is differential amplifying circuit. differential amplifying circuit also named differential circuit, it can n

50、ot only effectively magnify signal, and can effectively decrease temperature drifting which due to a power supply fluctuation and the transistor changing, thereby gained widely spread. especially in a large number of applications integrated amplifier, it is often used as multistage amplifiers lead l

51、evels.difference amplifying circuit commonly has 3 kind: basic form, the long end type and constant-current source type.basic differential amplifier circuit consists of two totally same launch level single pipe amplifying circuit. it requires characteristics of the two transistors are the same, both

52、 sides of the circuit are parameters symmetric, circuit has two input and two output terminal, its working principle is when the input signals are equal, the two pipe of the current equal, two pipe set points are also equal, so the output voltage is also zero. when temperature rises, the current of

53、two tubes collector increased, then the voltage decreased, because they are in the same environment, so both tube of electric current and voltage variation are equal, the output voltage is still zero; the long tail type differential amplifying circuit, due to load resistor r (e) meet load power supp

54、ly, dragging a tail, so called the long end type circuit; constant-current source type differential circuit is actually to use r (e) into a transistor constant current source, due to the stable constant-current source current function stronger, the effect is better than r (e).this constant current s

55、ource circuit is not high voltage of power supply for not only difference amplifier circuit set the right static job current, and greatly enhances the common-mode negative feedback effect, make circuit has stronger inhibition common-mode signal ability.put a pair of number equal, polarity opposite c

56、alled differential-mode signals. the useful signal which added in the circuit is differential-mode signal; put a pair of number equal, polarity also the same signal called common-mode signal. the jamming signal in circuit, zero drift and so on can also be regarded as common-mode signal. input common

57、-mode voltage is the size of two input signal to same, polarity equals common mode signal no amplification ability; the differential-mode voltage sacrificed if input signal input the size of two equal to the reverse polarity, and differential-mode signal has magnified ability. compare two input sign

58、al voltage input is the size and relative level are random, namely the common mode, and the differential mode.difference amplifying circuit input and output has four way connection mode: double - double out into the single, double -, single into a double outlet, single - the single out -.its charact

59、eristic is single output: magnification for double out half; inhibit zero drift than double out; different output voltage phase from different tube. one-port input: input the differential-mode signal while accompany common-mode signal input. difference amplifying circuit has two inputs and two output terminals, therefore the signal input and output are double end and one-port in two ways. when input is double, signal add to two input at the same time; when one-port input, s