(完整)小学名词专题讲义(教师经典整理版)

1、 名词专题讲义s HongKong, 名词的分类 f专有名词：指某人，某地，某机构等专有的名称，其首字母要大写。如 stude nt,book Chi na,Bill Cli nto n,Red Cross 个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如 普可数名词- 通 集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如: family,school, group, people 词I不可数名词物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如: cott on, air,tea -抽象名词：表示抽象概念，如:work， happ in ess ,n ews 名词集个抽物质，可数 6变3特殊; 主谓一致看名词，集形复表要具体

2、； 名格s/of来代表，共有各有要分清。 名词的复数 可数名词有单、复数形式，其复数的构成规则如下： 1）绝大多数在词尾力卩 s。如：book,books;bag,bags;cup,cups;face,faces. 注意：German Germa ns属于绝大多数在词尾加 s. 2）以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的名词加es 女口： watch,watches;brush,brushes;hero,heroes;class,classes; 注意：以 o 结尾力卩 es 的常用名词: Negro, hero, volcano,potato,tomato 记忆口诀：黑人 英雄 爱在 火山上吃 土豆

3、 西红柿 下列以 o结尾的词加 s构成复数： piano , photo ,radio ,zoo, bamboo ,kilo 3）以辅音字母+ y结尾的名词，将y改为i，再加eso 例如：baby,babies;family,families; 4）以f或fe结尾的名词，先将f或fe改为v,再加es构成复数形式。 常用名词有 self, life, thief, wife, knfe, loaf, leaf, shelf, wolf, half 记忆口诀：为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在 架壬上，把狼劈成两半， 注意：下列以f结尾的名词，是在f后加s构成复数：roof,c

4、hief,belief,gulf ； 个别的两种方式都可以，如：han dkerchief, handkerchieves 5） 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的，要一一背记： man men; womans women;mouses mice foot f feet; tooth teeth;gooses geese oxoxe n;child childre n; 6）单复同形. 如: sheep,deer,fish,people,Chinese,Japanese 7）复合名词： A. 含man或woman的复合名词，两部分都变为复数形式。 女口： two men teachers, four

5、 women doctors B. 将复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式，如： lookers-on 旁观者,editors-in-chief 总编辑,passers-by过路人 C. 如果没有主体名词，就在词尾后加s。 女口： grown-ups 成年人，go-betweens 中间人 8）以复数形式出现的名词： trousers裤子 glasses目艮镜，scales天平，savings储蓄，findings 调查结果, doings 行为，surroundings环境，arms 武器，fireworks 烟火， remains 残余，thanks感谢，riches 财富，ashes灰烬 ，

6、stairs 楼梯 9）有些名词在一定的词组中要用复数形式。例如： take pains下功夫,made preparationsf乍准备，give regards to 问候 s j严 三名词的所有格 of （一）所有格s 1）名词的所有格一般用于有生命的名词。其构成多在词尾加上s”， 女口： Tom s bike, Marx s works 以s结尾的专有名词，在词尾后加或。” 如: Engels /Engels s works 以s结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“。” 女口： students homework,a workers nigh一所工人夜校 不以s结尾的复数名词，仍在词尾加os”

7、 如：men s clothe男士衣服 children s bodk童读物 2）如果一个事物为两个人共有，只在后一个名词的词尾加 “，如果不是共有, 就要在两个名词的词尾分别加上。” 例如：Tom and Mike s room汤姆和迈克合住的房间 Tom s and Mike s roo但也有少 数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。如： The blind study in special schools. The departed was a well-known engineer. 这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词man, person或表示人的单 数连和，如： a

8、n old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier 6从句作主语 1) 由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数 意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如： What we need is more time. What we need are doctors. 2) 在 “oneof+ 复数 名词 +who/that/which 引”导 的从句结构 中，关 系代词 who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是 one,因此，从句中的动词应 该是复数形式。如： This is one of the most i

9、nteresting stories that have been told. 但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是 one，而不是靠 近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如： She was the only one of the girls who was late. 考点分析 1He gained his by printing of famous writers A. wealth; work B.wealths; works C.weaths;work D.wealth ;works 析：因为wealth是不可数名词故可排除B、C两个选项;work

10、既可作不可数名词表 工作”意，又可作可数名词表 作品”意，常用复数形式。根据题目意思，此处work 应作可数名词用，于是又可排除。 2. Ma ny people agree thatkno wledge of En glish is a must in intern ati onal trade today. A.a; x B.the ; an C.the ;the D.the 析：knowledge是抽象名词，一般不与不定冠词连用，但指具体一门学问”或一 门学问的掌握了解”可与不定冠词连用，这可称之为抽象名词具体化。类例如：a stro ng character 坚强的性格；a brigh

11、t future 光明前途；a waste of time 浪费时间； a pressure on sb对某人的压力； have a good time玩得痛快； He is a failure /a success as a leader他当领导不行/很出色。抽象名词不与冠词连用是泛指一般概念、意义。 女口： what fun! fine weather ;com mon kno wledge 常识； Kno wledge beg ins with practice.foreign trade因此 international trade前不用冠词。 3.0h, Joh nyou gave u

12、s ! A.How a great surprise B.How pleasa nt surprise C.What a pleasa nt surprise D.What pleasa nt surprise 析：“a/am形容词+抽象名词”是抽象名词具体化的常见形式。又如： an adva need culture 一种先进文化； a great in terest 极大的兴趣； do him a good kindn ess帮了他一个大忙。 4. She broke awhile she was wash ing up . A.glass wineB.wine glass C.wine

13、s glass D.glass of wine 析：根据broke 一词及四个选项，可确定空白处应选酒杯”故可排除A、D ； C不 是表达 酒杯”的正确形式，只有B才是正确答案。英语中用名词作定语修饰名词 的情况很多，这些作定语用的名词可表分类意义表时间、地点、称呼 表 目的、手段、原料、来源、所属等意义。 例: woman driver ,telephone number ,school education ,research work ,coffee cup ,En glish teacher ,air polluti on 例: book store ,winter sleep ,cou

14、ntry life ,college student ,South China 例: milk bottle ,steam boat ,goat skin ,stone wall ,gas station ,lunch room ,tooth brush 5. terrible weather we ve been having these days! A.What B.What aC.HowD.How a 析：这是一个感叹句，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，what修饰名词。weather 是不可数名词，其前不可加不定冠词a。 6.Shortly after the accident ,two

15、 police were sent to the spot to keep order . A.dozens of B.dozens C.dozens of D.dozen 析：dozen, score ,hundred, thousand ,millior等名词前面有数词或 many several 等词，且表示具体数目时，这些名词一般不用复数形式，但在下列短语中却加S， 并与of连用:doze ns of许多的），scores of好几十的），hun dreds of成百的）， thousands of （上千的）， millions of （数百万的） 7.I ll look into

16、the matter as soon as possible .Just have a little. A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest 析：由题干第一句意 “我会尽快调查那件事 ”，可知下句是要对方不要着急。 这 是由情景，语境确定答案题目。 8.If by any chance someone comes to see me ,ask them to leave a . A.message B.letterC.sentenceD.notice 析：道理同第 7 题。 专题练习 1. from Beijing to London! A.How long way it

17、is B.What a long way is it C.How long way is it D.What a long way it is 2. We ve worked out the plan ,and now we must put it into. A.factB.practice C.realityD.deed 3. Electrcity , like other forms of,has greatly in creased in price. A.pressureB.forceC.stre ngthD.en ergy 4. That fellow is clever ; he

18、 has. A.brainB.a brain C.the brain D.brai ns 5. Julie went to theto buy a pair of shoes. A.shoes storeB.shoe s store C.shoe storeD.shoes store 6. Thosetook lots ofin the Summer Palace. A.Germe n; photoesB.Germe n; photos C.Germa ns; photosD.Germa ns; photoes 7. All possible meansto save the hero. A.

19、has triedB.have triedC.has bee n tried D.have bee n tried 8. Whose car is it ? B.Tom s and Mary s D.Tom and Mary s B.heads of cattle D.head of cattle look ing for . D.have It s. A.Tom and Mary C.Tom s and Mary 9. There are 5in th fields. A.heads of cattles C.head of cattles 10. He is the very thief

20、the police _ A.isB.are C.has 11. All but Jackhere just now . A.isB.are C.was D.were 12. He knows almost everything .So we say he is a man of many. A.k no wlegesB.prese ntsC.giftsD.rewards 13. Careless ness is the usualof fire. A.wayB.excuseC.causeD.reas on 14. The girl is quiteto her mother now . A.

21、a helpB.helpsC.helpD.help ness 15. is coming to give us a lecture . A.A man ager and an expertB.A man ager and expert C.Ma nager and expertD.Ma nager and an expert 16. Most of the bridges over the river are made of. A.st oneB.the stoneC.a stoneD.the stones 17.If you hurt her,you should apologize. A.

22、feeli ngsB.feel C.feelsD.feeli ng 18.1 ll go and call atright after school. A.the doctorB.the SmithsC.SmithD.my uncle s 19.The shop will be closed during A.repairs B.a repair C.repairD.repairi ng 20.Thewe saw yesterday come out to the farm once in a while. A.mouse B.deer C.dog D.cow 21.My brother did n t find army life to his. A.like B.taste C.quality D.favour 22.Though they hadn t met for long ,he recognized her . A.voice B. noise C.so und D.l aughter 23. Lear ning that they were to have a pic ni c,the childre n were in A.the high spiritB.high spirits C.a high spiritD.high spirit 24. After