中西国家婚礼文化差异的比较

1、分类号 密级 udc 毕 业 论 文the comparison of differences inwedding culture betweenchina and western countries中西国家婚礼文化差异的比较学生姓名 学号 指导教师 系（部） 外语系 专业年级 2006级英语 论文答辩日期 年 月 日 中 国 大 学 the comparison of differences inwedding culture between china and western countries中西国家婚礼文化差异的比较完成日期： 指导教师签字： 答辩小组成员签字： acknowledge

2、mentsi would like to express my gratitude to all those who have helped me during the writing of this thesis.first, my deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to miss yang, my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. she has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this pa

3、per. without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this paper could not have reached its present form.second, i feel grateful to all the teachers in the university of china qingdao college who once offered me valuable courses and advice during my study. my sincere thanks are also given to my

4、instructor han, who helped me come over many difficulties. i am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the department of english.last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. i also owe my sincere gra

5、titude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the paper.摘 要本文着重探讨中国和西方国家婚礼的文化差异。基于对两种不同文明之间存在着不同文化的比较，找出产生这种差异的原因和历史背景，诸如价值取向、宗教观点、行为规范等等。由于全球融合趋势的影响，许多分歧阻碍了人们的交流与融合。 因此我们必须首先了解不同的文化

6、，然后我们才能找到解答，并且婚姻是社会生活的重要组成部分，因此我们可以以婚礼文化为突破口，来分析各种阻碍全球化的因素和原因，从而我们可以采取措施减少这种趋势给我们带来的负面影响，如改进教学方法、重点发展学生的非语言交流能力、加大中国和西方文化融合等等。而减少这种差距，对中西方来说都有重大意义。在第一章中，首先对中西方关于婚礼文化的研究做了总体的介绍和相关的讨论，并且阐述了中西方婚礼文化产生的原因和形成条件的研究以及相关理论。加在第二章中，分别论述了中国婚礼文化和西方婚礼文化。在这一章中，以奥地利、西欧、北美等为例，简述了西方国家婚礼文化的特色和详细论述了中西方婚礼文化中的基本习俗，指出两种文化

7、有很大的不同，为下文的论述做了铺垫。在第三章中，继续针对中西方婚礼文化的差异，讨论存在差异的原因。主要有价值取向、宗教观点、行为规范等等，从而引出应该针对这种差异，在教育和体制多方面加以调节。在在第四章中，提出减少这种差异的措施，如改进教学方法、重点发展学生的非语言交流能力、加大中国和西方文化融合等等。最后第五章对全文进行了概括总结。关键词：婚礼文化; 中西文化差异；原因; 采取措施iiithe comparison of differences in weddingculture between china and western countriesabstractthis paper is

8、 to explore the differences in wedding culture between china and western countries. based on the comparison of the different cultures existing between them, i will find out the interior factors and the reasons that produce such historical background. there are many aspects such as value orientation,

9、 religious views and behavior standards. because there are many differences, and we all know that the trend of globalization becomes shaper today, and the globalization is important to our countrys economy, development and peoples life level. but these differences prevent the globalization and peopl

10、es communication and mixture. so we must understand the different cultures first, then we can find the solutions. as marriage is an important part of social life, so we can consider the wedding culture as a breakthrough point, and then analyze the different factors and reasons that prevent globaliza

11、tion. we can adopt many measures to reduce the disparity, such as improving teaching methods, emphasizing on students non-verbal communication ability, changing teachers way of thinking, blending of chinese and western culture and so on. the above all may bring great significant values to both the w

12、est and the east countries.in chapter one, a general introduction of the chinese and western wedding cultures research is offered, and then the reasons that cause the difference of wedding ceremony culture is discussed, and the researches of forming the condition as well as the correlation theories

13、are offered.in chapter two, the chinese wedding ceremony culture and the western wedding ceremony culture are separately offered. in this chapter, take australia, western europe, and north america as the example to summarize the characteristic of the western country wedding ceremony culture and elab

14、orate the western wedding ceremony culture in detail, and point out that two cultures have great difference, which has made the upholstery for as follows elaboration.in chapter three, as the point of the west wedding ceremony culture difference, the existence difference reasons are discussed, thus d

15、raws out the conclusion that one should aim at this kind of differences to adjust the educating and the system.in chapter four, the measures that reduce this kind of difference are proposed, which like to improve teaching method, to prioritize students non-language exchange ability, to enlarge chine

16、se and western culture fusion and so on.finally, chapter five gives a conclusion of the whole thesis. key words: wedding cultures; cultural difference; main reasons; measures1contentschapter 1 introduction11.1 a general introduction of the chinese and western wedding cultures research.11.2 the weste

17、rn theories of the reasons of the differences between west and east cultures.21.3 the chinese theories of the reasons.31.4 the importance of understanding cultural differences.3chapter 2 the discussion about chinese and western wedding culture and some examples42.1 chinese wedding cultures42.1.1 thr

18、ee letters42.1.2 six etiquettes42.2 western wedding cultures52.2.1 austrian wedding cultures62.2.2 north american wedding cultures62.2.3 western european wedding cultures7chapter 3 the reasons of differences83.1 social system83.2 thinking pattern83.3 value orientation93.4 behavior standards93.5 reli

19、gious views10chapter 4 the measures of solving problems114.1 the importance of taking measures to decrease the gap between chinese and western culture.114.2 the measures of solving the problem114.2.1 blending of chinese and western culture114.2.2 changing teachers way of thinking114.2.3 improving te

20、aching methods124.2.4 emphasizing on students non-verbal communication ability124.2.5 guiding students to extensive contact with western culture materials12chapter 5 conclusion14bibliography16the comparison of differences in wedding culture between china and western countriesthe comparison of differ

21、ences in wedding culture between china and western countrieschapter 1 introduction1.1 a general introduction of the chinese and western wedding cultures research.it is well known that the world today is trending towards globalization, and the development of relations among different countries become

22、 more interlinked. while the marriage that as one kind of important trans-culture form causing this kind of world tendency become more complex, marriage is formed in a long historical evolution of the marriage cultures in a nation. marriage is the first human relation since ancient times；we can get

23、a clearer understanding of the human history，and explore the development of human societys basic law through the intricate and beautiful wedding. as chinas reform and opening up and economic construction, the western society developed rapidly, more and more international communications take place to

24、day. in this case, the communication between countries is also increasing, which provides us with a lot of opportunities for exchanges and contacts with foreigners. but in such a world that economics, the culture develops rapidly, various scholars has wide divided opinions about how the marital cult

25、ures difference is formed.first, jia yuxin in his book intercultural communication research interpreted that the culture is the combination of the peoples thoughts, behaviors, perception and words. he believed that the different national ecology or the natural environment may create its unique cultu

26、re and mold their own cultural pattern.second, the famous philosopher karl jaspers, in his book, the origin and goal of history, presented to axial age. he said that at the turn of these centuries in 600 bc to ad, the great civilizations of mankind spontaneously have a fundamental change, which is c

27、alled a deep breath between the two historical eras. he thought that the deep breathing is the meaning of the three great civilizations: one is the western civilization; an indian civilization; one of chinas civilizations. (karl jaspers. 1989). experienced the axial age”, east and west toward the tw

28、o completely different directions.third, the united states cross-cultural studies scholar samo wa proposed that to solve the cultural conflict in cross-cultural communication of non-verbal communication is to bear in mind the meaning of three principles in understanding other cultures in the non-ver

29、bal communicative act. first, note that one in the performance of a non-verbal behavior can not forget that the actual interactions are often a variety of non-verbal behaviors with the action; second, no one can list and describe all the non-verbal behavior. however, in cross-cultural communication

30、environment, if we can understand some common information of non-verbal behavior properly, we can get the right information and we can have a general understanding; thirdly, in order to understand non-verbal behavior of other cultures, we should first understand the other cultures non-verbal behavio

31、r.fourth, dodd, an expert in cross-cultural communication, with respect to cross-cultural marriage as a breakthrough in cross-cultural communication and he gives a more systematic and persuasive exploration. he recognized the relation exist in cross-cultural marriage and culture-related phenomena.th

32、ese are the various opinions about the differences between chinese and western wedding cultures. so we can get the cross-cultural marriage as a breakthrough point and focus on cross-cultural communication, to discuss the importance to achieve a good cross-cultural approach and then conclude the meth

33、ods to reduce differences and these methods in the english language communication and the important role in teaching.1.2 the western theories of the reasons of the differences between west and east cultures.first, at first half of 20th century, german renowned philosopher karl jaspers proposed a ver

34、y important concept of cultural science in the origin and goal of history, which had offered the concept of “axial age”. he thought after having experienced “axial age”, china and the west culture turns toward two completely different directions. this caused china and the west to be very greatly dif

35、ferent in the cultural domain.second, as to the western culture theory, there is the individual principle and the collectivism theory. such as hofstedes cultural value dimension theory, kluckhohn and the strodtbecks values orientation theory as well as the parsons pattern variable theory.third is th

36、e trans-culture human relations theory. the communication master w banay, w. barnett pearce and vernon crones put forward this theory. they thought that the human relations process receives restriction and the instruction; therefore, the rule has the important status in this theory.fourth, trans-cul

37、ture human relations scholar dodd gives more systematic and the convincing exploration regarding the trans-culture marriage as the trans-culture human relations breach, and he realized that in the trans-culture marriage exists the cultural related phenomenon and the role it played.1.3 the chinese th

38、eories of the reasons.and as to chinese researchers studies, first, in the chinese character, the animal bones and tortoise shells has the inscription of “the culture”. the original meaning of “culture” is the pattern or the texture.second, in ancient times, the song bright neo-confucianism emphasiz

39、ed the three cardinal ethical relationships of the social order and the five constant virtues and three rules understanding cultural differences must be obeyed and the four feminine virtues, which were used to ensure the patriarchal family stable, and to maintain father-right.third, liyi is the firs

40、t book that recorded wedding cultures in china. it said “six etiquettes conclude requesting for marrying the bride, requesting for bride and grooms birth dates, giving initial gifts for the brides family, giving formal gifts for the brides family, selecting the wedding date and holding wedding cerem

41、ony.”1.4 the importance of understanding cultural differences.understanding cultural differences is very important. since there is such a big difference between eastern and western cultures, understanding cultural differences between china and west countries will help foster cross-cultural communica

42、tive competence and then better serve the spread of english, wide communication and improve teaching services. but this is not a simple matter, many chinese people who know about the west as part of etiquette have basically an overview of teachers from the classroom, but it is far from enough. and w

43、hat is more, the teaching of english in universities are placed emphasis on imparting knowledge of the language at the expense of cross-cultural communication abilities. therefore, to explore the basis of cultural differences is good for the elimination of existing barriers in cross-cultural communi

44、cation and we can take measures to reduce the inclination.chapter 2 the discussion about chinese and western wedding culture and some examples2.1 chinese wedding culturesin chinese legend，the fatherly god-in-the-moonlight ties red string around the ankles of the man and woman who are supposed to be

45、husband and wife someday. thus, no matter how far apart they are，they will eventually get married.in china，people think that the wedding process includes three letters and six etiquettesto control the marriage, the family and the whole society, since the beginning of zhou dynasty, chinese marriage s

46、hould comply with six procedures, which is the so-called six etiquettes. and later in tang and ming dynasty in china, marriage also complied with the six etiquettes. as time goes by, although many wedding customs experienced various changes six etiquettes as the basic pattern has not changed much. i

47、t is still essential and core in wedding culture. three letters conclude request letter, gift letter and wedding letter.2.1.1 three lettersin the traditional china，all communication was through formal letters. therefore，three letters play an important role in the wedding mattersnow, we can discuss t

48、hem one by one.first, request letter. this letter confirms the formal arrangement of a marriageit is usually sent by the grooms family to the brides familythis letter is the initial gifts for the brides familysecond, gift letter. traditionally, this letter accompanies the formal gift for the brides

49、family. actually the gift letter is a gift list that records the description and quantity of the giftsthird, wedding letter. this letter is sent to the brides family on the day of the weddingit confirms the act of bringing the bride into the grooms family2.1.2 six etiquettesthe chinese word for etiq

50、uette can mean both customs and giftsthe following customs are known as the six etiquettes. six etiquettes conclude requesting for marrying the bride, requesting for bride and grooms birth dates, giving initial gifts for the brides family, giving formal gifts for the brides family, selecting the wed

51、ding date and holding wedding ceremony.first, requesting for marrying the bride. the groom finds a pro-male matchmaker to communicate with the womans family. if the girl agreed to proposed marriage, the groom prepared to go the brides home to seek a marriage alliance. both sides will negotiate certa

52、in terms. if the negotiation can succeed，both families will proceed to the next stepsecond, requesting for bride and grooms birth dates. this is the second step in arranging a wedding. if they can complete succeed on the previous step, the grooms family will ask for the brides “eight characters of a

53、 horoscope” through the spokeswoman. after obtaining the” eight letters” of the both sides, a fortune-telling person will be hired to determine whether they match each other wellif their” eight letters “can match very well or there is nothing wrong with the brides “eight letters”, the grooms family

54、will proceed to the next stepthird, giving initial gifts for the brides family. if the potential brides birth date is accepted by the grooms family，they will request the spokeswoman to send some initial gifts accompanied by the gift letterfourth, formal gifts for the brides family. the grooms family

55、 will pick a good day and send the brides family the bridal cash, gifts, cakes and many food and sacrifices for worshiping the ancestors. this action shows the marriage agreement between the two familiesthe thing they can do now is to select a good day for wedding.fifth, selecting the wedding date.

56、while after sending gifts, the grooms parents select a proper date and go to the brides home and get the brides consent.sixth, holding a wedding ceremony. on the wedding day，both the bride and the grooms house will be decorated in redthe grooms friends or relatives to the brides family to bring the bride to new housewhen the bride has been brought back to the family, there will be a procession of servants，musicians and