考研英语真题完形及答案1994-

1、2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题the ethical judgments of the supreme court justices became an important issue recently. the court cannot_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law_ justices behave like politicians. yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that_ the courts reputation for being ind

2、ependent and impartial。justices antonin scalia and samuel alito jr., for example, appeared at political events. that kind of activity makes it less likely that the courts decisions will be_ as impartial judgments. part of the problem is that the justices are not _ by an ethics code. at the very leas

3、t, the court should make itself_ to the code of conduct that _to the rest of the federal judiciary。this and other cases _the question of whether there is still a _ between the court and politics。the framers of the constitution envisioned law_ having authority apart from politics. they gave justices

4、permanent positions _ they would be free to _those in power and have no need to_ political support. our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _。constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _like

5、liberty and property. when the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _is inescapably political which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _ as unjust。the justices must _doubts about the courts legitimacy by making themselves _to the code of conduct. that would

6、make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _, convincing as law。1 a emphasizeb maintainc modifyd recognize 2 a whenb bestc befored unles 3 a renderedb weakenedc establishedd eliminated4 a challengedb compromisedc suspectedd accepted 5. a advancedb caught c boundd founde

7、d 6. a resistantb subjectc immuned prone 7. a resortsb sticksc leadsd applies 8. a evadeb raisec denyd settle 9. a lineb barrier c similarity d conflict 10. a byb asc throughd towards 11. a sob sincec providedd though 12. a serveb satisfyc upsetd replace 13. a confirm b express c cultivate d offer 1

8、4 a guardedb followedc studiedd tied 15. a concepts b theories c divisions d convenience16. a excludes b questions c shapes d controls 17. a dismissed b released c ranked d distorted18. a suppress b exploitc addressd ignore 19. a accessibleb. amiablec agreeable d accountable20. a by all meansb at al

9、l costsc in a wordd as a result2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题ancient greek philosopher aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” but _some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical filness laughter does _short-term changes in the function of the he

10、art and its blood vessels, _ heart rate and oxygen consumption but because hard laughter is difficult to _, a good laugh is unlikely to have _ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does._, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the _, studi

11、es dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter. muscles,such bodily reaction might conceivably help_the effects of psychological stress.anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of _feedback,that improve an individuals emotional state. _one classical theory of emotion,our feel

12、ings are partially rooted _ physical reactions. it was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry _they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow.although sadness also _ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow _ muscular responses.in an experiment published in

13、1988,social psychologist fritz.1aamong bexcept cdespite dlike2areflect bdemand cindicate dproduce3astabilizing bboosting cimpairing ddetermining4atransmit bsustain cevaluate dobserve5ameasurable bmanageable caffordable drenewable6ain turn bin fact cin addition din brief7aopposite bimpossible caverag

14、e dexpected8ahardens bweakens ctightens drelaxes9aaggravate bgenerate cmoderate denhance10aphysical bmental csubconscious dinternal11aexcept for baccording to cdue to das for12awith bon cin dat13aunless buntil cif dbecause14aexhausts bfollows cprecedes dsuppresses15ainto bfrom ctowards dbeyond16afet

15、ch bbite cpick dhold17adisappointed bexcited cjoyful dindifferent18aadapted bcatered cturned dreacted19asuggesting brequiring cmentioning dsupposing20aeventually bconsequently csimilarly dconversely2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题in 1924 americas national research council sent two engineers to supervise a ser

16、ies of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the hawthorne plant near chicago. it hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting （1） workers productivity. instead, the studies ended （2） giving their name to the hawthorne effect, the extremely influential idea that the very

17、 （3） to being experimented upon changed subjects behavior.the idea arose because of the （4） behavior of the women in the hawthorne plant. according to （5） of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. it did not （6） what was done in the experi

18、ment; （7） something was changed, productivity rose. a(n) （8） that they were being experimented upon seemed to be （9） to alter workers behavior （10） itself.after several decades, the same data were （11） to econometric the analysis. hawthorne experiments has another surprise store （12） the description

19、s on record, no systematic （13） was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.it turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to （14） interpretation of what happed. （15）, lighting was always changed on a sunday. when work started again on mond

20、ay, output （16） rose compared with the previous saturday and （17） to rise for the next couple of days. （18）, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on monday, workers （19） to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, bef

21、ore （20） a plateau and then slackening off. this suggests that the alleged hawthorne effect is hard to pin down.1.a affectedb achievedc extractedd restored2.a atb upc withd off3.a truthb sightc actd proof4.a controversial b perplexingc mischievousd ambiguous5.a requirements b explanationsc accountsd

22、 assessments6.a concludeb matterc indicated work7.a as far as for fear thatc in case that d so long as8.a awarenessb expectationc sentimentd illusion9.a suitableb excessivec enoughd abundant10.a aboutb forc ond by11.a comparedb shownc subjectedd conveyed12.a contrary tob consistent withc parallel wi

23、th d peculiar to13.a evidenceb guidancec implicationd source14.a disputableb enlighteningc reliabled misleading15.a in contrastb for examplec in consequenced as usual16.a dulyb accidentallyc unpredictablyd suddenly17.a failedb ceasedc startedd continued20.a breakingb climbingc surpassingd hitting200

24、9年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题1research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in carl zimmers piece in the science times on tuesday. fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. this sugges

25、ts that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. it takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning a gradual 7 instead of instinct. plenty of other species are able

26、 to learn, and one of the things theyve apparently learned is when to 8 .is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? thats the question behind this new research. i like it. instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species weve left in the dust i.q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 1

27、1 of our own intelligence might be. this is 12 the mind of every animal ive ever met.research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we belie

28、ve that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. they would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: are humans actually awa

29、re of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1.a supposeb considerc observed imagine2.a tendedb fearedc happenedd threatened3.a thinnerb stablerc lighterd dimmer4.a tendencyb advantagec inclinationd priority5.a insists onb sums upc turns outd puts forward6.a offb behindc overd along

30、7.a incredibleb spontaneousc inevitabled gradual8.a fightb doubtc stopd think9.a invisibleb limitedc indefinited different10.a upwardb forwardc afterwardd backward11.a featuresb influencesc resultsd costs12.a outsideb onc byd across13.a deliverb carryc performd apply14.a by chanceb in contrastc as u

31、suald for instance15.a ifb unlessc asd lest16.a moderateb overcomec determined reach17.a atb forc afterd with18.a above allb after allc howeverd otherwise19.a fundamentalb comprehensivec equivalentd hostile20.a by accidentb in timec so fard better still2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题the idea that some groups

32、 of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. but gregory cochran is 1 to say it anyway. he is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. he helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacter

33、ial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the othe

34、rs, but explains the process that has brought this about. the group in 8 are a particular people originated from central europe. the process is natural selection.this group generally do well in iq test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultura

35、l life of the west, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . they also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. these facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. the former has been 15 to social eff

36、ects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. the latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. dr. cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . his argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulte

37、d in this 20 state of affairs.1.a selectedb preparedc obligedd pleased2.a uniqueb particularc speciald rare3.a ofb withc ind against4.a subsequently b presentlyc previouslyd lately5.a onlyb soc evend hence6.a thoughtb sightc costd risk7.a advisesb suggestsc protestsd objects8.a progressb factc needd

38、 question9.a attainingb scoringc reachingd calculating10.a normalb commonc meand total11.a unconsciouslyb disproportionately c indefinitelyd unaccountably12.a missionsb fortunesc interestsd careers13.a affirmb witnessc observed approve14.a moreoverb thereforec howeverd meanwhile15.a given upb got ov

39、erc carried ond put down16.a assessingb supervisingc administeringd valuing17.a developmentb originc consequenced instrument18.a linkedb integratedc wovend combined19.a limitedb subjectedc convertedd directed20.a paradoxicalb incompatible c inevitabled continuous2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题by 1830 the for

40、mer spanish and portuguese colonies had become independent nations. the roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. born in the crisis of the old regime and iberian colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, free

41、dom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.on the issue of 8 of religion a

42、nd the position of the church, 9 , there was less agreement 10 the leadership. roman catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths.

43、 the defense of the church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.the ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. bolivar had received aid from haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. by 1854 slavery h

44、ad been abolished everywhere except spains 17 colonies. early promises to end indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 . egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20

45、 self-rule and democracy.1.a natives b inhabitants c peoples d individuals2.a confusedly b cheerfully c worriedly d hopefully3.a shared b forgot c attained d rejected4.a related b close c open d devoted5.a access b succession c right d return6.a presumably b incidentally c obviously d generally7.a u

46、nique b common c particular d typical8.a freedom b origin c impact d reform9.a therefore b however c indeed d moreover10.a with b about c among d by11.a allowed b preached c granted d funded12.a since b if c unless d while13.a as b for c under d against14.a spread b interference c exclusion d influe

47、nce15.a support b cry c plea d wish16.a urged b intended c expected d promised17.a controlling b former c remaining d original18.a slower b faster c easier d tougher19.a created b produced c contributed d preferred20.a puzzled by b hostile to c pessimistic about d unprepared for2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试

48、题the homeless make up a growing percentage of americas population. 1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments cant possibly 2 . to help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housin

49、g. 5 everyone agrees on the number of americans who are homeless. estimates 6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. 7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8 . one of the federal governments studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spe