(江苏专用)备战2020年高考英语复习阅读理解组合练(二)

1、 阅读理解组合练(二)(限时30分钟)a(2019常州模拟)wipo is the global forum for intellectual property (ip) services， policy，information and cooperation. we are a selffunding agency of the united nations，with 192 member states.,our mission is to lead the development of a balanced and effective internationalintellectual p

2、roperty system that enables innovation and creativity for the benefitof all. our mandate ， governing bodies and procedures are set out in the wipoconvention， which established wipo in 1967.we run workshops and seminars throughout the year. the presentationsand meeting documents are made available fo

3、r downloading wherever possible.current and upcomingcase study workshop on support for intellectual property management isnmes (ipadvantage)national workshop on intellectual property policies for universitiesand research institutions- 1 - 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了世界知识产权组织以及由其举办的几场ip研讨会的相关信息。1. we can infer

4、from the passage that _.ait is an article from the handbook of wipobgoverning bodies of all member states pay for the running of wipocit is intended for those interested in the knowledge of intellectual propertydthe mission of wipo is to develop an effective system of innovation and creativity解析：选 c

5、 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文介绍了世界知识产权组织的作用和宗- 2 - 旨以及由其举办的几场有关知识产权的研讨会的信息。由此可知，本文是为对知识产权感兴趣的人设计的。故选c。2. if one is interested in ip management, he can attend a seminar in _.aamman or tel avivcamman or tokyobtel aviv or parisdtel aviv or tokyo解析：选 d 细节理解题。根据第一个研讨会 case study workshop on support forintellectual

6、property management in smes (ip advantage) 的信息“january 29 tojanuary 31, 2019(tokyo)”及第四个研讨会national seminar on collective management的 信 息 “december 19, 2018(tel aviv)”“collective management of copyright,workshops and seminars”可知，这两场研讨会是关于知识产权管理的。故选d。b(2019苏、锡、常、镇模拟)in florida, a group of parents kno

7、wn as “the breakmoms” has been fighting to pass a law guaranteeing the states elementaryschoolstudents at least 20 minutes of daily free play.in a survey of schooldistrict administrators, roughly a third said theirdistricts had reduced outdoor play in the early 2000s. disadvantaged kids have beenthe

8、 most likely to be shortchanged (克扣). according to a 2003 study, just 56 percentof children living at or below the poverty line had break, compared with 83 percentof those above the poverty line; a similar disparity (差异) existed between blackchildren and their white peers.the benefits of break might

9、 seem obvious time to run around helps kids stayfit. but a large body of research suggests that it also promotes cognition认(知).many studies have found that regular exercise improves mental function and academicperformance. and an analysis of studies that focused specifically on break foundpositive a

10、ssociations between physical activity and the ability to concentrate inclass.in one series of experiments, researchers controlled break start times. some dayschildren were let out at 10a m., and other days at 1：0 30. the kids attentivenessdecreased when they had to wait longer for break, and refresh

11、ed themselves after theyplayed. and when fourthgraders in a breakfree school were given a weekly break,another group of researchers found that they had an easier time staying on task andwere much less restless. these experimental findings are supported by an analysisof 10,000 questionnaires filled o

12、ut by thirdgrade teachers: even a single 15minutedaily break was connected with more positive ratings of classroom behavior.- 3 - perhaps most important break allows children to design their own games, to testtheir abilities, to roleplay, and to settle their own conflicts activities thatare key to d

13、eveloping social skills and managing complicated situations. initialresults from an ongoingstudy in texas suggest that elementaryschool children whoare given four 15minute breaks a day are significantly more sympathetic toward theirpeers than are kids who dont get break.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了一群被称为“休息妈妈”的家长一直在

14、努力通过一项法律，保证该州的小学生每天至少有20分钟的自由玩耍时间的事情。研究表明有足够休息时间的孩子学习成绩更好，情商也更高。3what causes “the break moms” to start a fight?apupils lack of outdoor play.bpoor school management.cabsence of education laws.dinequality among students.解析：选 a 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，她们想要通过的法律是为了保障孩子们每天课外活动的时间，故原因是孩子们现在缺少户外活动的时间。4in one seri

15、es of experiments, researchers find that _.achildren behave better when let out earlierbkids waiting longer are unable to stay focused againcthirdgraders have difficulty in focusing on taskdfourthgraders are more c oncentrated without a break解析：选a 细节理解题。根据第四段的第三句“the kids attentiveness decreased whe

16、nthey had to wait longer for break, and refreshed themselves after they played.”可知，当孩子们不得不等待更长的时间才能休息时，他们的注意力下降了，所以被更早放出去活动的学生表现更好。5what can we infer if we can ensure children a certain amount of daily break?athey escape from life conflicts.bthey may strengthen dependence.cthey are more considerate

17、towards others.dthey are eager to manage complicated situations.解析：选 c 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“children who are g iven four15minute breaks a day are significantly more sympathetic toward their peers thanare kids who dont get break”可知，研究表明，每天休息4个15分钟的小学生比没有休息的孩子对同龄人更有同情心。所以他们对他人也更加体贴。- 4 - c(2019盐城模拟)one

18、day in 1995, a large, heavy middleaged man robbed twopittsburgh banks in broad daylight. he didnt wear a mask and he smiled at surveillancecameras before walking out of each bank. later that night, police arrested a surprisedmcarthur wheeler. when they showed him the surveillance tapes, wheeler star

19、ed indisbelief.“but i wore the juice，” he mumbled. apparently, wheeler thought thatrubbing lemon juice on his skin would make himinvisible to videotape cameras. afterall, lemon juice is used as invisible ink so, as long as he didnt come near a heatsource, he should have been completely invisible.the

20、 case caught the eye of the psychologist david dunning at cornell university,who enlisted his graduate student, justin kruger, to see what was going on. theyreasoned that, while almost everyone holds favourable views of their abilities invarious social and intellectual fields, some people mistakenly

21、 assess their abilitiesas being much higher than they actually are. this “illusion of confidence” is nowcalled the“dunningkruger effect”， and describes the cognitive bias to inflateselfassessment.to investigate this phenomenon in the lab, dunning and kruger designed some cleverexperiments. in one st

22、udy, they asked undergraduate students a series of questionsabout grammar, logic and jokes, and then asked each student to estimate his or herscore overall, as well as their relative rankings compared to the other students.interestingly, students who scored the lowest in these cognitive tasks always

23、overestimated how well they didby a lot. students who scored in the bottom estimatedthat they had performed better than twothirds of the other students!sure, its typical for people to overestimate their abilities. the problem isthat when people are incompetent, not only do they reach wrong conclusio

24、ns and makeunfortunate choices, but also they are robbed of the ability to realize their mistakes.in a semesterlong study of college students, good students could better predict theirperformance on future exams given feedback about their scores and rankings. however,the poorest performers showed no

25、recognition, despite clear and repeated feedbackthat they were doing badly. instead of being confused or thoughtful about theirincorrect ways, incompetent people insist that their ways are correct. as charlesdarwin wrote in the descent of man (1871): “ignorance more frequently begetsconfidence than

26、does knowledge.”interestingly, really smart people also fail to accurately selfassess their- 5 - abilities. as much as d and fgrade students overestimate their abilities, agradestudents underestimate theirs. the difference is that competent people can and doadjust their selfassessment given appropri

27、ate feedback, while incompetentindividuals cannot.语篇解读：本文主要阐述了“邓宁克鲁格效应”。研究表明有能力的人会根据各方面的反馈来调整自己的思路，而无知的人往往看不到自己的不足，盲目自信，固执己见。6which of the following statements about the dunningkruger effect is true?athe effect is true for everyone in daily life.bit suggests that most people lack cognitive abilities

28、.csome people are overconfident about their abilities.dthe conclusion is drawn based on a series of bank robberies.解析：选c 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“some people mistakenly assesstheir abilities as being much higher than they actually are”可知，邓宁克鲁格效应指的是那些过度高估自己能力的、过度自信的人。7what do the college students behaviors

29、 mentioned in the experiments prove?afeedback plays a significant role in estimating ones ability.bincompetent people have a rigid attitude towards their choice.cgood students can predict their future performance accurately.dpeople cant rely on their previous behavior to make adjustments.解析：选 b 细节理解

30、题。根据第四段倒数第二句“instead of being confused orthoughtful about their incorrect ways, incompetent people insist that their waysare correct.”可知，能力差的人不会去反思自己的不正确的方法，而是坚持他们的方法是正确的。所以说他们非常的固执。8the underlined word“begets”can be replaced by _.agives rise tocmakes up forbtakes advantage ofdbreaks away from解析：选 a

31、 词义猜测题。引用查尔斯达尔文作品中的话是对上面的研究结果进行归纳总结。上面的研究表明无知的人更加盲目地自信。所以这句话的意思是“无知比知识更容易产生自信。”begetgive rise to“产生”。9what can we infer from the passage?areal knowledge is knowing the extent of ones ignorance.bit is difficult for people to evaluate their real competence.cillusion of confidence is the major source o

32、f peoples failure.dthose with great abilities often have a low opinion of themselves.- 6 - 解析：选 a 推理判断题。本文主要阐述了“邓宁克鲁格效应”。研究表明有能力的人会根据各方面的反馈来调整自己的思路，而无知的人往往看不到自己的不足，盲目自信，固执己见。所以真正的知识是了解一个人无知的程度。d(2019南通七市模拟)un scholars have calculated that within the next 10 yearsthe degradation (退化) of farm and gras

33、sland could turn 50 million people into migrants.another un agency calculated that in the last 25 years, another 3% of the planetsforests had been burned or cut down.once you have read gaia vinces book, you start to register the scale of changein a fastchanging world. adventuresin the anthropoceneho

34、lds a mirror up to humanityand says: look what you have done to the world, the only world you will ever have.the anthropocene the age of man is a proposed new name for the quaternary(第四纪) period that we now live in, and it includes what has come to be called thegreat acceleration, in whichduring the

35、 last 65 years, whatever humans did, theydiditfasterandmoreeffectively,andonagreaterscale,while_at_the_same_time_reproducing_more_and_dying_much_less.did it take 50,000 years to reach a population of one billion? just in the last10 years, another billion people appeared on the planet, and by the end

36、 of this century,it could be home to 9, or 10, or 11 billion souls, each of which will hope for theminimum to sustain health and contentment. many of them will demand a lot more, whichis where the problems begin. to build cities, pave highways and establish factories,humans decades ago became the gr

37、eatest earthmoving force on the planet: they eachyear shift more rock and soil than the wind and the rain, the rivers and the glaciers(冰川) combined.cities now cover 2% of the planets land: by 2030, this will be 10%. over thenext 80 years, the species will build a city for one million people every 10

38、 days.to keep these cities functioning, humans will consume 18 terawatts of energy and by2020, around 5 billion of them will have smartphones, and internet access, and alreadypeople who are miserably poor can see, at a fingers touch, what they are missing,and want it for themselves, and in the cours

39、e of trying to get it, consume moreresources and cause destruction to the ecosystem.anyone who reads this book will have no excuse for not thinking about it. vincedoesnt just collect the statistics of exploitation and destruction, she goes to seefor herself what they mean. like a good reporter, she

40、tries to see both sides: she- 7 - explores both the human destruction and the beneficial and sometimes amazing solutionsthat human wisdom can deliver. she does the legwork too: she climbs up steepmountainsides in nepal, and in ladakh, looks at hydroelectric plans in patagonia,walks through the fores

41、t to get closer to a tiger, steps out in the slums near cartagenain colombia, and slips down an amazon tributary in a dugout.everywhere in the world, theice is disappearing, but in ladakh, an engineerhasworked out a way to make artificial glaciers to store the water for summer growth,and in doing so

42、 has given the villagers not just security but a new kind of hope.in every chapter, there are excellent stories like this, glimpses (一瞥) of the otherworld that perhaps we could have made for ourselves.necessarily, to get around a topic that involves all human history and allgeography too, she has to

43、 be brief, and so in every chapter, she leaves you wantingmore. this is usually considered to be a good thing. good or not, it is difficultto see. and if she helps readers understand a little better the loss and sufferinglies behind the exploitation of the rare earths, then it becomes in every sense

44、 agood book.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了gaia vince的一本名叫adventures in the anthropocene的书。10the statistics in the first paragraph are meant to _.arid people of their concerns about the earthbstress the gravity of the destruction of the earthcclarify peoples misunderstandings of the earthdwarn people of the contradict

45、ory reports about the earth解析：选b 推理判断题。根据关键词“the degradation (退化) of farm and grassland ”和“planets forests had been burned or cut down”可知，目前地球遭受着极大的破坏。因此作者写该段旨在强调地球被破坏的严重性。gravity意思是“严重性”。11the underlined part in paragraph 3 most probably means _.amore trees were planted and fewer of them diedbpeopl

46、e produced much more than they consumedcthe birth rate was higher and the death rate was lowerdmore animals were raised and the survival rate was higher解析：选c 细节理解题。根据本段内容可知，在过去的65年中人类处于一个加速度的时代，无论哪个方面人类都比以往的发展速度更快，效率更高，规模更大，同时人口繁殖更多，死亡更少。12according to the author, the construction of cities and infrastructures will- 8 - _.acreate more job opportunities for citizensbnarrow the gap between the rich and the poorcpromote globalization and economic developmentdcause overconsumption and