PLC控制下的电梯系统外文翻译

1、外文资料翻译Elevator System Based on PLCComposed by the order of relay control system is a realization of the first elevator control method. However, to enter the nineties, with the development of scie nee and tech no logy and the widespread applicati on of computer tech no logy, the safety of elevators,

2、reliability of the in creas in gly high dema nd on the relay con trol weak nesses are beco ming evide nt.Elevator con trol system relays the failure rate high, greatly reduces the reliability and safety of elevators, and escalators stopped ofte n to take with the staff about the inconvenience and fe

3、ar. And the eve nt rather tha n tak ing the lift or squat at the end of the lift will not only cause damage to mechanical components, but also personal accide nt may occur.Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is the first order logic control in accorda nee with the n eeds of developed specifically fo

4、r in dustrial en vir onment applications to operate the electronic digital computing device. Given its advantages, at present, the relay control the lift has been gradually replaced by PLC control. At the same time, AC variable freque ncy motor speed con trol tech no logy, the way the lift drag spee

5、d has bee n a gradual tran siti on from DC to AC freque ncy conv erter. Thus, PLC con trol tech no logy in creases VVVF Elevator moder n tech no logy has become a hot in dustry.1. PLC elevator con trol adva ntages(1) used in elevator control PLC, with software for automatic control of lift operati o

6、n, reliability greatly in creased.(2) layer was removed and a majority of the relay, the control system structure is simple, to simplify the exter nal circuit.(3) PLC can be a variety of complex control system, easy to add or change con trol fun cti ons.(4) PLC can be automated fault detection and a

7、larm display to improve the operati on of security and ease of maintenan ce.(5) for the group control the allocation and management, and improve the efficie ncy of elevator operatio n.(6) do not need to change the control scheme changes when the hardware conn ecti on.2. VVVF elevator con trol charac

8、teristicsWith the power electr oni cs, microelectr onics and computer tech no logy to con trol the rapid developme nt of tech no logy, com muni catio n tech no logy VVVF also a very rapid rate. AC variable freque ncy motor speed con trol tech no logy is the power to improve the process in order to i

9、mprove product quality and improving the en vir onment and promot ing tech no logical progress as a primary means. Freque ncy of its excellent performanee and the speed brake from a smooth performanee, high efficie ncy, high power factor and power-sav ing effect of a broad scope of applicati on and

10、many other advantagesof being at home and abroad recognized as the most promis ing approach speed Excha nge characteristics of VVVF Elevator(1) low en ergy con sumpti on(2) low load circuit, the required emergency power supply device of small In the acceleration stage, the required start-up current

11、of less than 2.5 times the rated current. Peak starting current and time is short. Since the starting current is drastically reduced, so power consumption and power supply cable diameter can be reduced a lot. Required for emerge ncy power supply devices are also relatively small size.(3) high reliab

12、ility and long service life.(4) good comfortElevator operation is best to follow the speed curve of a given operation. Their characteristics can be adapted to human feelings, and to ensure that noise operation, smooth brakePing layer and high precisi on(5) Stable no ise-free(6) In the car, the engin

13、e room and adjace nt areas to en sure that no ise. Because their systems use a high clock freque ncy. Always produce a true sine wave power supply current yet. Motor torque ripple does not appear. Therefore, to eliminate vibrati on and no ise.3. Elevator con trol tech no logyThe so-called elevator c

14、on trol tech no logy refers to the elevator drive system and electrical control system of automatic control. 70 as the 20th century in Chinas elevator was marked by the exchange of two-speed elevator. Its speed is used to cha nge the elevator tracti on motor of the very few, two or multilevel approa

15、ch to the nu mber of windin gs, very few of them as high-speed winding of the winding, a very few number of windings as the low-speed winding. Windings for high-speed elevator-speed start-up and running, low-speed windings for braking and the maintenance of elevators.The early 80s, VVVF inv erter co

16、n trolled variable lift system available. It uses AC motor drives, are able to reach the level of DC motor, con trol the speed of the curre nt has reached 6 m / sec. Its small size, light weight, high efficiency, energy saving, including the past almost all the advantagesof the lift. Is the latest e

17、levator drive system.Operation in vertical lift, there is also the starting point of the terminus station.For more tha n three-story elevator build in gs, the starti ng point of the termi nal stati ons and stops betwee n the had not, the start ing point for these stati ons at the first floor of the

18、term in al located at the highest floor. Start ing point in the first floor of the stati on known as base stations, known as the starting point at both ends of the terminal stati ons and stati ons at both ends of in termediate stops betwee n stati ons.Outside the stati on has a call box, box set are

19、 used by staff for elevator call butt on or touch the call butt on, the gen eral ends of the lift stati ons in the call box on the Sett ings butt on or touch of a butt on. Middle layer of the stati on set up the call box butt on or touch butt on 2. No drivers for the con trol of elevators, at variou

20、s stati ons are set up calls me on a butt on or touch butt on. Elevator car and the in ternal setti ngs (except for debris elevator) to man ipulate me. Con trol box switch on the han dle or set up statio ns and the corresp onding layer of butt ons or touch-butt on con trol box on the touch-c on trol

21、 butt on or comma nd butt on or touch the city butt on. Outside the comma nd butt on or touch-butt on issue as the sig nal outside the comma nd sig nal, within the comma nd butt on or touch-butt on issue within the sig nal as a comma nd sig nal. 80 In the mid-20th cen tury, the touch butt on has bee

22、 n replaced by micro-butt on.As the elevator call box outside the base stati on, in additi on to set up a call butt on or touch butt on, but also set a key switch in order to work the elevator cleara nee. Drivers or man ageme nt staff to ope n the elevator to the base stati on can wriggle through a

23、dedicated key to the key switch. Close the elevator in place to automatically cut off the elevator con trol power supply or power supply.4. PLC Control Elevator Desig nWith the con ti nu ous developme nt of urba n con structi on, the in creas ing high-rise build in gs, elevators and life in the n at

24、io nal economy has a broad applicati on. Elevator high-rise buildi ngs as a means of tran sport in the vertical run of daily life has bee n inextricably linked with people. In fact the lift is based on external call control signals, as well as the laws of their own, such as running, and the call is

25、ran dom, the lift is actually a man-machi ne in teractive con trol system, simple to use con trol or logic con trol order can not meet the con trol requireme nts, and therefore , elevator con trol system uses a ran dom con trol logic. Elevator con trol is curre ntly gen erally used in two ways, firs

26、t, the use of computer as a signal control unit, the completion of the lift signal acquisition, operation and function of the set, to achieve the lift and set the automatic scheduling function to run the election, drag the control from inverter to complete; the second control mode with programmable

27、logic controller (PLC) to replace the computer con trol sig nal sets the elect ion. From the con trol and performa nee, these two types of methods and there is no sig nifica nt differe nee. Most of the domestic manufacturers to choose the second approach, becausethe smaller scale of production, thei

28、r design and manufacture of high cost of computer control devices; and PLC high reliability, convenient and flexible program design, anti-interferenee ability, stable and reliable operation of the characteristics of Therefore, the elevator control system is now widely used to realize programmable co

29、n troller.5. Elevator con trol system characteristicsOperation of the lift curve is above the start to run comfort indicators lift the key features, and comfort are directly related with the accelerati on, accordi ng to con trol theory, for a certain amount of change according to the law must be dir

30、ectly con trolled, for elevator con trol system, accord ing to the ideal accelerati on curve acceleration feedback to be used, in accordanee with the motor torque equation: M-MZ = M = J (dn / dt), can be see n reflected in the rate of cha nge of accelerati on of the system of dynamic torque changes

31、on the control system to control the acceleration of the dynamic torque M = M -MZ. Therefore, during this time to con trol the use of the prin ciple of accelerati on, whe n the start rate of in crease in steady-state value above 90%, the accelerati on con trol system by the switch to speed con trol,

32、 as in paragraph steady speed, speed con trol for the con sta nt fluctuati ons in the smaller, little change in acceleration, speed and the use of closed-loop control can mai ntain a steady-state speed accuracy and precisi on for the brak ing sect ion to createthe conditions ping layer. Is rising at

33、 a rate in the system, and although the above-speed PI regulator used to control, but two of the PI parameters are different in order to improve the system dynamic response indicators. The brake in the system, that is, to reduce the speed of con trol n ecessary to en sure the comfort, but also stric

34、tly in accorda ncewith the operati on of the lift of the relati on ship betwee n speed and distanee control to ensure the accuracy of flat layers. To the speed in the system before 120r/m in, in order to take into acco unt both be take n to con trol the accelerati on of time-based and at the same ti

35、me in each braking distance based on actual speed and speed deviations from the theory to fix the acceleration curve of a given method. For example, from a flat layer at the dista nce L, the speed should be reduced to Vm / s, while the actual high speed Vm / s, is illustrated by the in crease in the

36、 brak ing torque is not eno ugh here, therefore to calculate value determ ined by the speed-ag after it combined with a negative deviation of , even here the value given by the speed ofame nded - (ag + )so that a give n rate of decelerati on and the actual in crease of n egative bias, which in creas

37、es brak ing torque big, so fast dow n to the sta ndard value, when the motor speed 120r/min down after the car at this time only a dozen or so cm layer anomaly, low speed lift, in order to prevent yet floor parking area on the phenomenon in order to enable faster access to the lift to floor area rat

38、io adjustment used in this paragraph and the use of optimal control of time in order to ensure accurate and timely accessto elevator floor area, in order to achieve accurate and reliable level layer.PLC控制下的电梯系统由继电器组成的顺序控制系统是最早的一种实现电梯控制的方法。 但是，进 入九十年代，随着科学技术的发展和计算机技术的广泛应用，人们对电梯的安全 性、可靠性的要求越来越高，继电器控制的

39、弱点就越来越明显。电梯继电器控制系统故障率高，大大降低了电梯的可靠性和安全性， 经常造 成停梯，给乘用人员带来不便和惊忧。且电梯一旦发生冲顶或蹲底，不但会造成 电梯机械部件损坏，还可能出现人身事故。可编程序控制器(PLC)最早是根据顺序逻辑控制的需要而发展起来的，是专 门为工业环境应用而设计的数字运算操作的电子装置。鉴于其种种优点，目前， 电梯的继电器控制方式己逐渐被 PLC控制所代替。同时，由于电机交流变频调 速技术的发展，电梯的拖动方式己由原来直流调速逐渐过渡到了交流变频调速。 因此，PLC控制技术加变频调速技术己成为现代电梯行业的一个热点。1. PLC控制电梯的优点 在电梯控制中采用了

40、PLC，用软件实现对电梯运行的自动控制，可靠 性大大提高。(2) 去掉了选层器及大部分继电器，控制系统结构简单，外部线路简化。(3) PLC可实现各种复杂的控制系统，方便地增加或改变控制功能。(4) PLC可进行故障自动检测与报警显示，提高运行安全性，并便于检修。(5) 用于群控调配和管理，并提高电梯运行效率。(6) 更改控制方案时不需改动硬件接线。2. 电梯变频调速控制的特点随着电力电子技术、微电子技术和计算机控制技术的飞速发展， 交流变频调 速技术的发展也十分迅速。电动机交流变频调速技术是当今节电、改善工艺流程 以提高产品质量和改善环境、推动技术进步的一种主要手段。变频调速以其优异 的调速

41、性能和起制动平稳性能、高效率、高功率因数和节电效果，广泛的适用范 围及其它许多优点而被国内外公认为最有发展前途的调速方式。交流变频调速电梯的特点(1) 能源消耗低(2) 电路负载低，所需紧急供电装置小在加速阶段，所需起动电流小于2.5倍的额定电流。且起动电流峰值时间短。 由于起动电流大幅度减小，故功耗和供电缆线直径可减小很多。 所需的紧急供电 装置的尺寸也比较小。(3) 可靠性高，使用寿命长。(4) 舒适感好电梯运行是跟随最佳给定的速度曲线运行的。其特性可适应人体感受，并保证运行噪声小，制动平稳。(5) 平层精度高(6) 运行平稳无噪声在轿厢内，机房内及邻近区域确保噪声小。因为其系统中采用了高

42、时钟频率。始终产生一个不失真的正弦波供电电流。 电动机不会出现转距脉动。因此，消除 了振动和噪声。3. 电梯控制技术所谓电梯控制技术是指电梯的传动系统及操纵系统的电气自动控制。作为我国20世纪70年代电梯的主要标志是交流双速电梯。其调速方法是采用改变电梯 牵引电动机的极对数，两种或两种不同级对数的绕组，其中极数少的绕组称为高 速绕组，极数多的绕组称为低速绕组。 高速绕组用于电梯的起动及稳速运行， 低 速绕组用于制动及电梯的维修。80年代初，VVVF变频变压系统控制的电梯问世。它采用交流电动机驱动， 却可以达到直流电动机的水平，目前控制速度已达6米/秒。它的体积小，重量轻，效率高，节省能源等几乎

43、包括了以往电梯的所有优点。 是目前最新的电梯拖 动系统。电梯在垂直运行过程中，有起点站也有终点站。对于三层楼以上的建筑物的 电梯，起点站和终点站之间还没有停靠站，起点站设在一楼，终点站设在最高楼。 设在一楼的起点站称为基站，起点站和终点站称为两端站，两端站之间称为中间 站。各站厅外设有召唤箱，箱上设置有供乘用人员召唤电梯用的召唤按钮或触 钮，一般电梯在两端站的召唤箱上各设置一只按钮或触钮。中间层站的召唤箱各设置两只按钮或触钮。对于无司机控制的电梯，在各层站的召唤箱上均设置一只 按钮或触钮。而电梯的轿厢内部设置有（杂物电梯除外）操纵箱。操纵箱上设置 有手柄开关或与层站对应的按钮或触钮，操纵箱上的

44、按钮或触钮城内指令按钮或 触钮。外指令按钮或触钮发出的电信号称为外指令信号，内指令按钮或触钮发出的电信号成为内指令信号。20世纪80年代中期后，触钮已被微动按钮所取代。作为电梯基站的厅外召唤箱，除设置一只召唤按钮或触钮外，还设置一只钥 匙开关，以便下班关电梯时。司机或管理人员把电梯开到基站后， 可以通过专用 钥匙扭动该钥匙开关。把电梯的厅门关闭妥当后，自动切断电梯控制电源或动力 电源。4. PLC控制电梯的设计随着城市建设的不断发展，高层建筑不断增多，电梯在国民经济和生活中有 着广泛的应用。电梯作为高层建筑中垂直运行的交通工具已与人们的日常生活密 不可分。实际上电梯是根据外部呼叫信号以及自身控

45、制规律等运行的，而呼叫是随机的，电梯实际上是一个人机交互式的控制系统， 单纯用顺序控制或逻辑控制 是不能满足控制要求的，因此，电梯控制系统采用随机逻辑方式控制。 目前电梯 的控制普遍采用了两种方式，一是采用微机作为信号控制单元，完成电梯信号的 采集、运行状态和功能的设定，实现电梯的自动调度和集选运行功能，拖动控制 则由变频器来完成；第二种控制方式用可编程控制器(PLC)取代微机实现信号 集选控制。从控制方式和性能上来说，这两种方法并没有太大的区别。国内厂家 大多选择第二种方式，其原因在于生产规模较小，自己设计和制造微机控制装置 成本较高；而PLC可靠性高，程序设计方便灵活，抗干扰能力强、运行稳

46、定可 靠等特点，所以现在的电梯控制系统广泛采用可编程控制器来实现。5. 电梯控制系统特性在电梯运行曲线中的启动段是关系到电梯运行舒适感指标的主要环节，而舒适感又与加速度直接相关，根据控制理论，要使某个量按预定规律变化必须对其 进行直接控制，对于电梯控制系统来说，要使加速度按理想曲线变化就必须采用 加速度反馈，根据电动机的力矩方程式：M MZ=A M=J (dn/dt)，可见加速度的 变化率反映了系统 动态转距 的变化，控制加速度 就控制 系统的动态 转距 M=M- MZ。故在此段采用加速度的时间控制原则，当启动上升段速度达到稳 态值的90%时，将系统由加速度控制切换到速度控制， 因为在稳速段，

47、速度为恒 值控制波动较小，加速度变化不大，且采用速度闭环控制可以使稳态速度保持一 定的精度，为制动段的精确平层创造条件。在系统的速度上升段和稳速段虽都采 用PI调节器控制，但两段的PI参数是不同的，以提高系统的动态响应指标。在 系统的制动段，即要对减速度进行必要的控制，以保证舒适感，又要严格地按电 梯运行的速度和距离的关系来控制，以保证平层的精度。在系统的转速降至 120r/min之前，为了使两者得到兼顾，采取以加速度对时间控制为主，同时根据 在每一制动距离上实际转速与理论转速的偏差来修正加速度给定曲线的方法。例如在距离平层点的某一距离 L处，速度应降为Vm/s，而实际转速高为 V m/s 则

48、说明所加的制动转距不够，因此计算出此处的给定减速度值-ag后，使其再加上一个负偏差,即使此处的减速度给定值修正为-(ag+)使给定减速度与实际 速度负偏差加大，从而加大了制动转距，使速度很快降到标准值，当电动机的转 速降到120r/min以后，此时轿厢距平层只有十几厘米，电梯的运行速度很低， 为防止未到平层区就停车的现象出现， 以使电梯能较快地进入平层区，在此段采 用比例调节，并采用时间优化控制，以保证电梯准确及时地进入平层区， 以达到 准确可靠平层。生命列车The Train Of Life1. 不久以前，我读了一本 书。书中把人生比作一 次旅行。2. 人生一世，就好比是一次搭车旅行，要经历

49、无 数次上车、下车；时常 有事故发生；有时是意 外惊喜，有时却是刻骨 铭心的悲伤3. 降生人世，我们就坐上 了生命列车。我们以为 我们最先见到的那两个 人-我们的父母，会 在人生旅途中一直陪伴 着我们。4. 很遗憾，事实并非如此。 他们会在某个车站下 车，留下我们，孤独无 助。他们的爱、他们的 情、他们不可替代的陪 伴，再也无从寻找。5. 尽管如此，还会有其他1. Not long ago, I read a book, in which a man s life was compared to a journe y.2. The life of a man is just like a hi

50、tchhiking， during which many times we go up and down. Now and then things will happen accidently, some of which are to be unexpected excitement， while some heart-breaking sorrows.3. When first embraced the world， we are already on the train of life. We take it for granted that the first two persons,

51、 our parents, whom we are encountered with, will accompany us all the way.4. Sadly，things do not go on as we thought .Our parents will get off the train at a certain station， leaving us, bereft and helpless .Their love and emotion to us and their 人上车。他们当中的一 些人将对我们有着特殊 的意义。6. 他们之中有我们的兄弟 姐妹，有我们的亲朋好 友。

52、我们还将会体验千 古不朽的爱情故事。7. 坐同一班车的人当中， 有的轻松旅行。8. 有的却带着深深的悲哀还有的，在列车上四处奔忙，随时准 备帮助有需要的人 9. 很多人下车后，其他旅客对他们的回忆历久弥 新但是，也有一些人，当他们离开座位 时，却没有人察觉。10. 有时候，对你来说情 深义重的旅伴却坐到了 另一节车厢。你只得远 离他，继续你的旅程。11. 当然，在旅途中，你也 可以摇摇晃晃地穿过自irreplaceable company can be found in nowhere.5. However，there will be somebody else who will get on

53、 the train. Some of them will have special meaning to us.6. Some of them may be our siblings , relatives and friends, and we will also expereince the imperishable love.7. Some of our travelling companions are quite light-hearted on the way.8. While some may bear immense sorrow.Still some ,back and f

54、orth, are ready to hold out their hands for others who need help.9. Some people alight off the train, yet they are still kept in the mind of the other passengers for long;some, to the opposite, leave their seats without being noticed.10. Sometimes, the one,who is dear to your heart, has huddled into another carriage. Nothing but one己的车厢，去别的车厢 找他12. 可惜，你再也无法坐 在他身旁，因为这个位 置已经让别人给占了.13. 没关系。旅途充满挑 战、梦想、希望、离 别