优品课件之Chapter3.PlanningforthePerfectWedding-grammar-

1、优品课件 Chapter3. Pla nning for the Perfect Wedd in g-grammar- Chapter3. Pla nning for the Perfect Weddi ng-grammar、章节 分析（一）综述 本章节主要语法-定语从句。定语从句前面一定 有一个名词（先行词），这很关键。（二）目标 定语从句起到修饰 名词的作用。教学生掌握由关系代词who, whom,which, that,whose 引导的定语从句；限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。（三）教学 方法通过一些例句让学生理解并掌握定语从句。让学生找出课文中 的定语从句并加以分析。让学生造句，翻

2、译句子等来巩固所学的知 识。（四）重点和难点 上述都要掌握，难点为非限制性定语从句。 二、教学设计（Teach ing Desig ns）教学内容教学实施建议 教学 资源参考 Lead ? Cin L Warming up Present the siudems some pictures of Chi nese and Western weddi ngs and let the stude nts talk about the differenee between Oriental and Western Weddings using as many adjective clauses as

3、 possible. wedd ing process/ place/customs/ banquet/ CXFORD ENGLSI 课本 Practice 在进 行了短暂热身练习之后，教师有意识地将课文中的定语从句呈现给学 生。e.g. The bride s clothes, which are usually expensive, require careful selectio n. The n do more practice:接着和学生 一起分别就几个句型认真理解和操练并完成书中部分练习。CXFORD ENGLSIH课本Exercises and homework教师自编题目和书后

4、练习结 合操练CXFORD ENGLSI课本以及课后练习 本单元的语法部分重点是定语从句：1. Clauses with who, whom, that, which and whose 2. Defining and non-defi ning clauses我 们在教学过程中，可以通过复习课文中的一些句型或者是讨论课文中 的人物来开始。链接1说明：这是一份关于定语从句的练习。 定语从句 例 1 误：Thank you for all what you have done for me. 正: Thank you for all （that） you have done for me. 题解

5、： “what” 不能用于引导定语从句，它一般用于引导名词性从句。引导定语从句 常用的有关系代词 which, that, who, whom, whose, as, than及 关系副词where, when, why。此句因为先行词all是不定代词，所 以只能用that引导。此外，由于此句中先行词在定语从句中充当do 的宾语，所以可以省略关系代词that。例2误：The manwhomI think has movedto another city is still in Shanghai. 正: The manwho I think has movedto another city is

6、 still in Shanghai. 题解： 此句中先行词man在定语从句中充当主语，而不是think的宾语，因 此不能用宾格 whom而应用主格whQ例3误:Wehaven t got much which we can ofer you. 正: We haven t got much that we can offer you.题解：当定语从句的先行词是 all, much, little, everythi ng, anything, no thi ng, none, one等不定代词时，关系 代词用 that。 例 4 误：It is the best film which has

7、been made on the subject. 正: It is the best film that has been made on the subject.题解：当先行词前有最高级形容词修饰，或有序数词 或 only, any, few, little, no, all, one of, the very等词修 饰时，关系代词用 that。例 5 误：Do you know the things and persons who are mentioned by the manager？ 正： Do you know the things and persons that are me

8、n tio ned by the man ager?题解： 先行词是由人和物组成的短语时，关系代词用that。例6误:Whowho you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 正: Whothat you have ever seen can beat him in chess ？ 题解： 避免与先行词 who重复 时，关系代词应用 that。例 7 误：Today the public are much con cer ned about the way which n ature is ruin ed.正： Today the public are

9、muchconcerned about the way (that / in which) nature is ruined.题解：修饰先行词way的定语从句比较特殊，一般用that 或in which引导，通常也可省略。例8误：It was mid night that I was wakenup by the quarrel upstairs. 正: It was midnight when I was wake n up by the quarrel upstairs.题解：原句被错认为一 个强调句，若是强调句，此句应改为：It was at mid night that I was w

10、ake ned up by the quarrel upstairs.在这一句子中，先行词 midnight在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when例9误： I don t like to live in the room which windows face north. 正: I don t like to live in the room whose windows face north. 题 解：此句中先行词room在定语从句中作定语，表示所有关系，所以 应用关系代词whose,有时也可用of which 短语替代。此句亦可改 为： I don t like to live in

11、the room the windows of which face north. I don t like to live in the room of which the windows face north. 例 10 误：That was the reason whyMr. Black refused to speak for at the meeting. 正: That was the reason (which / that) Mr. Black refused to speak for at the meeti ng.题解： 在定语从句中，选择关系代词还是关系副词，最主要看先行

12、词在定语 从句中充当什么成分，如果是主语、宾语或定语，则用关系代词，若 为状语，则用关系副词。此句中先行词reason在从句中充当介词for 后的宾语，所以可以用that或which，或者省略。若此定语从句中 没有介词 for，则此句应改为： That was the reason why Mr. Black refused to speak at the meeting.此时，reason 在从句中作原因 状语。但这与例句的意义不同。例句的意思是：这就是布莱克先生在 会议上拒绝辩护的理由。而此句的意思为：这就是布莱克先生在会议 上拒绝发言的原因。例 11 误：As manyon-looker

13、s whowere on the spot then agreed the motorcyclist was to blame.正: As many on-lookers as were on the spot then agreed the motorcyclist was to blame.题解：定语从句的先行词若有 such, as修饰，则关系代 词用 as。 例 12 误：That is the same person as asked for help the day before yesterday. 正: That is the same person that asked fo

14、r help the day before yesterday. 题解：先行词有 the same 修饰时，一般用 as，如：He uses the same dictionary as I do. (他用的词典和我的一样)但要注意的是，这句中涉及到两本字典。 如果指的是同一个人或物，先行词应该用that。例13误：Mymother often takes on more work than it is good for her health.正： My mother often takes on more work than is good for her health. 题解：此句中包含了

15、一个由than引导的定语从句。因先行词work有 形容词的比较级修饰，因此关系代词用了than。而此句中的先行词 work在定语从句中作主语，所以从句中处于主语位置的it必须删去。 例 14 误： Mr. White is the man whom you can turn for help when you are in trouble. 正： Mr. White is the man to whom you can turn for help when you are in trouble.题解： 先行词 man在定 语从句中应该作介词to后的宾语，turn to sb. for help

16、，所以此 处的介词to不能少。因此，定语从句中介词的选择受到上下文的制 约或与前面的名词词组或后面动词词组的搭配有关。例15误：Is this book you like most ？ 正: Is this the book you like most? 题解：若把原句改成陈述句，“ This book is you like most. ”不 难发现它不是一句定语从句，this book也不是先行词。加了定冠词 后，此句改成陈述句就成了：This is the book you like most. 先 行词book在从句中作宾语，所以可以省略关系代词。例16误：l can think of

17、 many cases that stude nts obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but couldn t write a good essay. 正: I can think of manycases where / in which students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but couldn t write a good essay. 题解： 先行词 case 若放回定语从句中，应是 in many cases，作状语，故应

18、用关系副词 where，或in which。例17误： Last year he visited Tokyo where his brother lived.正: Last year he visited Tokyo, where his brother lived.题解： 限制性 定语从句与先行词关系密切，对它有限制作用，因此不可缺少，否则 会影响全句的意义。而非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明，他 们之间的修饰关系不是很密切，因此对于专有名词，一般都用非限制 性定语从句。 例 18 误：He has many habits, some of them are harmful. 正: He

19、 has manyhabits, someof which are harmful. 题 解：原句错在一个句子中出现了两个简单句，且无连词。用which代 替them，使后面的分句变成了非限制性定语从句，which指代前面 的habits。此句若改成如下句子亦可： He has many habits, and some of them are harmful. 例 19 误：She got the first prize, which wehad expected. 正: Shegot the first prize, as wehad expected. 题解：虽然，在非限制性定语从句中，

20、which可以用来指代前面的整 个句子，但当表示“正如”时，一般用as，此外，as引导的非限制 性定语从句还可放在主句之前，而 which不行。 Exercise: 1. A war broke outlasted for forty years. A. which B. whe n C. i n which D. where 2. Allis n eeded is a supply of oil. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which 3. It will not be long before you meet with the same difficu

21、lt situatio nwas dealt with by those scie ntists last year. A. which B. that C. as D. where 4. The pers onI lent my car is a friend of Jack s mother s. A. who B. whom C. to who D. to whom5. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ofhadn t been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those

22、 C. that D. which 6. Carol said the work would be done by October,pers on ally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which 7. In his speech, the leader expressed his thanks to those who had supported him and the causethey had fought. A. which B. of which C. that D. for which 8. The great wall

23、is the place almost all tourists would like to visit whe n they come to Chi na. A. where B. which C. i n which D. of which 9. If a shop has chairswome n can park their men, womenwill spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where 10. Wewill be show n around he city, schools, museums

24、and someother places, other visitors seldom go. A. what B. which C. where D. whe n 11. Alec asked the policema n he worked to con tact him whe never there was an accide nt. A. with whom B. who C. with whom D. whom 12. Is this the reas on at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explain

25、ed B. what he expla ined C. how he expla ined D. why he expla ined 13. The film brought the hours back to meI was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. un til B. whe n C. that D. where 14. Have seen the film “Titanic ” ,leading actor is world-famo us? A. its B. it s C. whose D. which 15. Recently I bought an an cie nt Chin ese vase,was very