应用光学英文词汇

1、光程（optical path）费马原理(fermats principle)共轴光学系统(symmetrical optical system)光轴(optical axis)实物(real object)实像(real image) 虚物(virtual object)虚像(virtual image)物空间(object space)像空间(image space)子午面(tangential/meridian plane)弧矢面(sagittal plane)孔径角（aperture angle）顶点(vertex)物方/像方截距(object/image distance)近轴光(p

2、araxial ray)高斯像(gaussian image)垂轴放大率(transversal magnification)正像(positive image)倒像(inverted image)轴向放大率(longitudinal magnification)角放大率(angular magnification)拉格朗日亥姆霍兹不变量(lagrangehelmholz invariant)球面反射镜(reflecting sphere/spherical mirror)凹面镜(concave mirror)凸面镜(convex mirror)基点(basic points)共轭点(conj

3、ugate points)物方焦点(object focus)像方焦点(image focus/rear focus)主平面(principle plane)主点(principle point)焦距(focal length)节点(nodal point)牛顿公式(newtons formula)高斯公式(gauss formula)会聚度(convergence)光焦度(focal power)透镜(lens)正透镜(positive lens)会聚透镜converging lens负透镜(negative lens)发散透镜diverging lens凸透镜（convex lens）凹透

4、镜(concave lens)双凸透镜(biconvex lens)平凸透镜(plane convex lens)月凸透镜(正弯月meniscus convex lens)双凹透镜(double-concave lens)平凹透镜(plane concave lens)月凹透镜(负弯月meniscus concave lens)薄透镜(thin lens)平面镜(plane mirror)镜像 (mirror image)双平面镜(bimirror)平行平板(parallel-plate)折射率(refractive index)平均色散(mean dispersion)阿贝常数(abbe c

5、onstant)部分色散(partial dispersion)相对色散(relative dispersion)冕牌玻璃（crown glass）火石玻璃（flint glass）塑料光学材料(optical plastic)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（polymethyl methacrylate, pmma）聚苯乙烯（polystyrene, ps）聚碳酸酯（polycarbonate, pc）光学晶体(optical crystal)光阑 diaphragm孔径光阑 aperture stop视场光阑 field diaphragm渐晕光阑 vignetting stop入射光瞳 entranc

6、e pupil出射光瞳 exit pupil主光线 chief ray相对孔径 relative aperture入射窗 entrance window出射窗 exit window视场角 angle of field渐晕 vignetting渐晕系数 vignetting factor景深 depth of field焦深 depth of focus远心光学系统 telecentric optical system球差(spherical aberration)不晕点（aplanatic points）轴外像差（off-axis aberration）慧差(coma)辅轴(secondar

7、y optical axis)像散(astigmatism)场曲(field curvature)匹兹万场曲(petzval field curvature)畸变(distortion)位置色差(longitudinal chromatic aberration)消色差系统(achromatic system)二级光谱(second order spectrum)倍率色差(lateral chromatic aberration)初级球差(primary spherical aberration)剩余球差(residual spherical aberration)初级像差(primary a

8、berration)塞得和数(seidel coefficient of aberrations)对称式系统(symmetric optical system)波像差(wave aberration)垂轴离焦(lateral defocusing)轴向离焦(axial defocusing)泽尼克多项式（zernike polynomial）瑞利判据(rayleigh criterion)斯特列尔比率(strehl ratio)分辨率(resolution)点列图(spot diagram)光学传递函数(optical transfer function)调制传递函数 (modulation

9、transfer function)位相传递函数 (phase transfer function)点扩散函数(point spread function)角膜(comea)虹膜(sclera)晶状体(crystalline lens)视网膜(retina)黄斑(macula lutea)盲点(blindspot)调节(adjustment)远点(far point)近点(near point)明视距离(distance of distinct vision/normal reading distance)视角分辨率(angle of resolution)分辨率(resolution)正视(

10、normal eye)近视(myopic eye)远视(hyperopic eye)散光(astigmatic eye)双目立体视觉(binocular stereopsis) 放大镜(amplifier)显微镜(microscope)齐焦(parfocalization)数值孔径（numerical aperture）有效放大率(effective magnification)工作距离(operating distance)消色差物镜(achromatic objective)里斯特物镜(lister objective)阿米西物镜(amiciobjective)阿贝(abbe)浸液物镜复消

11、色差物镜(apochromaticobjective)双胶合物镜(doublet lens)双分离物镜(air-spaced doublet)卡塞格林系统(cassegrainsystem)格里高里系统(gregorian system)施密特物镜(schmidt lens)马克苏托夫物镜(maksutovobjective)镜目距(eye relief)惠更斯目镜(huygens eyepiece)冉斯登目镜(ramsdenseyepiece)凯涅尔目镜(kellnereyepiece)对称式目镜(symmetric eyepiece)阿贝无畸变目镜(abbeeyepiece)爱尔弗目镜(erfleeyepiece) 图像传感器(image sensor)数码相机(digit camera)几何焦深(geometrical focal range)摄影物镜（photographic lens）匹兹万物镜(petzval lens)柯克三片式物镜(cooke triplet)天塞物镜(tessar-type split triplet)海利亚物镜(heliar split triplet)双高斯物镜(double-gauss objective)反远距物镜(retrofocus objective)广角物镜(wide-angle