常用临床医学英文术语

1、常用临床医学英文术语 diseases 疾病 acute diseases 急性病 advanced diseases病沉巫期，晚期疾病 chronic diseases 慢性病 municable diseases 传染病 plicating diseases 并发病 congenital diseases 先天性疾病 acquired diseases 后天性疾病 contagious diseases接触性传染病 endemic diseases 地方病 epidemic diseases 流行病 functional diseases 机能病、官能病 infectious diseas

2、es 传染病 inherited diseases 遗传病 malignant diseases 恶性病 nutritional diseases 营养病 occupation diseases 职业病 organic diseases 器质性病 paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病 periodical diseases 周期病 primary(principal)diseases 原发(主导)病 secondary diseases 继发病 sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病 terminal diseases 绝症 wasting dise

3、ases 消耗性疾病 chief plaint 主诉 clinical manifestation 临床表现 delivery history 分娩史 etiology病因学 family history 家族史 history, medical history 病 史 precipitating(induced)诱因 marital status 婚姻状况 menstrual history 月经史 menarche 初潮 menopause 闭经 past history 既往史 pathogenesis发病机制 personal history 个人史 symptoms 症状 cardi

4、nal symptom 主要症状 classical symptom 典型症状 conitant symptom 伴发症状 constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身症状 indirect symptom 间接症状 induced symptom 诱发症状 local symptom局部症状 mental symptom 精神症状 symptom-plex (syndrome)symptom 综合症症候群 signs体征 antecedent 前驱征 assident (accessory)副征 memorative 后遗症 sign of death 死征 dia

5、gnostic 诊断征 sign of disease 病征 subjective自觉征，主观征 vein sign静脉征vital sign生命体征 body length (height of the body)身高 body weight 体重 barrel chest 桶状胸 cachexia恶病质 pulsive position 被动体位 critical facies 病危面容 emaciation 消瘦 enophthalmos眼球下陷 entropion睑内翻 exophthalmos眼球突出 flushed face面色潮红 gain (loss) in weight 增加

6、(减轻)体重 lock-jaw牙关紧闭 lordosis脊柱前凸 nasal ala flap鼻翼扇动 nystagmus 眼震 obesity 肥胖 pallor苍白 scolisis脊柱侧凸 agitation焦急不安 debility, weakness 虚弱 diaphoresis出汗，大量出汗 dizziness, vertigo 眩晕 lassitude, fatigue 无力/倦怠 malaise 不适 night sweat 盗汗 numbness 麻木 rigor, chill寒冷，发冷 perspiration, sweating 出产F pruritus, itching

7、 somasthenia躯体无力 tingling麻刺感abscess脓肿 acidosis酸中毒 adhesion 粘连 alkalosis碱中毒 allergy 过敏 coagulation defect 凝血不良 congestion 充血 dehydration 脱水 distention 膨胀 edema水肿 embolism栓塞，栓塞形成 fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱 gangrene 坏疽 hematoma 血肿 hemorrhage, bleeding 出血 infarction梗塞，梗死 infection 传染 inflamm

8、ation症 ketoacidosis酮酸中毒 metastasis 转移 perforation 穿孑L necrosis 坏死 shock休克 response反应，应答 reaction反应，感应 thrombosis血栓形成 ulceration 溃疡 fever, pyrexia 发烧/发热 continuous fever 稽留热 intermittent fever 间歇热 low-grade fever 低热 remittent fever 驰张热 relapsing fever 回归热 pain 痛 burning pain 灼痛 chest(flank/#e) pain 胸

9、(胁腹)痛 cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛 dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛 pleuritic pain胸膜炎性痛 radiating pain (pain radiating to-)放射性痛(放射到疼痛)angina 绞痛 cardiac angina 心绞痛 backache 背痛 colic绞痛,急腹痛 earache I 匸痛 headache 头痛 neuralgia神经痛 migraine偏头痛 rebound tenderness 反跳痛 somatalgia 躯体痛 sore throat 咽喉痛 stomachache 胃痛 toothache

10、 牙痛 bloody sputum带血得痰 cough咳嗽 dry cough |二咳 expectoration 咳痰 expectoration of blood 咳 iftl hemoptysis 咳血 anoxia 缺氧 apnea呼吸暂停，窒息 asthma气喘，哮喘 Cheyne Stokes respiration切一斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸 dyspnea呼吸困难 hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸/换气过度 hypopnea呼吸不全，呼吸浅表 hypoxia低氧，缺氧 orthopnea端坐呼吸 respiratory arrest 呼吸停止 suffo

11、cation 窒息 tachypnea呼吸急促 fetid breath 口臭 fruity breath呼吸有水果味arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齐 atelectasis肺不张，肺膨胀不全 cardiac arrest 心搏骤停 cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大 cyanosis发缎青紫 distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张 extrasystole期外收缩 gallop rhyt hm奔马律 hemopleura 血胸 hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流 hypovolemia （循环）血容量减少 palpitatio

12、n 心悸 tachycardia心动过速 pneumothorax 气胸 thrill震颤 absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失 dull sound 浊音 hyperresonant 鼓音 rale啰音 rhonchus, rhonchi 軒音,干啰音 wheeze 哮鸣音 anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振，厌食 dysphagia乔咽困难 eructation 暧气 belching 暧气 flatulence 气胀 flatus肠胃气屁 gaseous distention 胃月氏气 hematemesis 呕血 hiccough, hicc

13、up 打呃，呃逆 nausea恶心 pyrosis胃灼热 regurgitation 反胃回流 thirsty 口渴 vomiting 呕吐 anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂 ascites 腹水 board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹 decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱 exophageal varices食管静脉曲张 fistula痿，痿管 hemorrhoid 痔 hernia 疝 hepatomegaly 肝肿大 intussusception 肠套叠 jaundic

14、e 黄疸 muscle guarding, defenee of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫 peristalsis 蠕动 loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失 mass peristalsis 总蠕动 retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕动 prolapse 脱垂 prolapse of anus 脱肛 rectal prolapse直肠脱垂，脱肛 volvulus肠扭转calculus结石，石 biliary calculus 胆结石 vesical calculus 膀胱结石 constipation 便秘 defeca

15、tion 排便 diarrhea 腹泻 incontinence of feces 大便失禁 hematochezia 便血 fecal impaction 大便嵌塞 occult blood 潜血 painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动 clay colored stools 陶上色便 dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物 fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪吐粪 foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便/脂肪痢 scanty

16、 and hard stools 便少而硬 tarry (black) stools 柏油样便 anuria 无尿 burning sensation no urination 排尿时得灼烧感 dysurea排尿困难，尿痛 enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿 frequency of urination 尿频 micturation 計乍尿 uresis, urination, voiding 排尿 nocturia 夜尿 oliguria 少尿 polyuria 多尿 tenesmus里急后重 vesical tenesmus排尿时里急后重 uremia a尿毒症昏迷 urge

17、ncy of urination 尿急 urinary incontinence 尿失禁 aciduria E娄尿 chyluria乳糜尿 cylindruia 管型尿 glycosuria 糖尿 hematuri a血尿 ketonuria 酮尿 pneumatinuria 气尿 proteinuria 蛋白尿 pyuria脓尿amenorrhea经闭,无月经 dysmenorrhea 痛经 menorrhagia月经过多 lochia恶露 menorrhea行经，月经过多 menstruation 月经 uterine contraction 子宫收缩 blotch 斑点 bruise挫伤

18、，青肿 acne痊疮，粉刺 desquamation 脱皮，脱屑 ecchymosis 瘀斑 loss of skin turgor失去皮肤充盈 nevus 痣 papule丘疹 petechia瘀点”瘀斑 pigmentation色素沉着 pustule 脓疱 purpura 紫癫 red nodule红结节 roseola玫瑰疹 scar伤疤 senile plaque 老人斑 spider anaioma 蛛形痣 subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节 urticaria尊麻疹 vesicle小水疱 vitiligo 白斑 blindness 失明 blurred vision

19、, visual disturbance 视力模糊 impaired vision 视力下降 lacrimation 流泪 papilledema视神经乳头水肿 photophobia畏光，羞明 retinal detachment 视网膜脱离 deafness 聋 hearing loss听力丧失 tinnitus 耳鸣 epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血 impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍 nasal discharge 鼻涕 nasal obstruction 鼻塞 sneeze喷嚏 snore打軒 aphonia, loss of voice 失音症

20、hoarseness 嘶哑 gum bleeding齿龈出血 herpes labialis唇疱疹，感冒疮 Kopliks spots 科普利克斑 lead line of the gum 龈铅线 salivation, drooling 流口水 straw-berry tongue 草莓舌 tremulous tongue 舌震颤 atrophy 萎缩 contracture 挛缩 deformity畸形/变形 dislocation 脱位 fracture 骨折 closed （simple）fracture无创骨折，单纯性骨折 minuted fracture粉碎性骨折 pound fr

21、acture哆开（开放性）骨折 knock-knee 膝外翻 opisthotonos角弓反张 prosthesis 假体 spasm痉挛 tetany （肌）强直，手足抽搦 wrist drop 腕下垂 aphasia 失语 ataxia共济失调 a昏迷 consciousness 矢口觉，意识 convulsion抽搐，惊厥 delirium 谄妄 delusion 妄想 faint昏厥 hallucination 幻觉 hemiplegia 偏瘫 increased intracranial pressure 颅内丿玉增高 insanity精神错舌L loss of orientatio

22、n 定向丧失 mania躁狂 memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损,遗忘症 paraplegia截瘫，下身麻痹 projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐 somnolence, (lethargy)昏睡，嗜睡 stupor木僵，昏呆 tetraplegia 卩4 肢瘫痪 unconsciousness 失去矢口觉 yawning打哈欠crisis危象 cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytihypertensive, thyrotoxic, ) crisis 脑(热、血性、溶血、高血压、中状腺中毒)危象 failure衰竭，故障 c

23、entral (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure 中枢(循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸)衰竭diagnosis诊 断 auscultation 听诊 inspection 视诊 palpation 触诊 percussion 叩诊 laboratory examination 实验室检查 physical examination 体格检查 rectal (vaginal) touch 直肠(阴道)指诊 impression 印象 tentative diagnosis 暂定诊断 differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断 final diagnosis 最后诊断 prognosis 预后 prescript!on 处方 incubation (latent) period 潜伏期 prodromal stage 前驱期 incipient stage 初期 quiesce nt stage 静止期 alleviation减轻，缓与 remission 缓解 attack发作 convalescence (recovery) stage 恢复期 rehabilitation 康复 rel