最新新编英美概况许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案汇编

1、Unit 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1. How many states are there in the Un ited States? And which two states are geographically separated from the others? (50, Alaska, Hawaii)2. What are the gen eral characters of the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachia n Mountains.1) To the west of Atl

2、a ntic coastal plain lie the Appalachia n Mountains that begi n in Can ada and reach all the way to Georgia and Alabama. These are old mountains with roun ded tops and wooded hills, usually not exceed ing 800m in height. The highest point is only 2000m above the sea. Most of the mountain ridges are

3、low eno ugh to be easily crossed by moder n highways. The Appalachia ns have much beautiful sce nery and many tourist resorts. The Ohio and the Tenn essee Rivers flow dow n the western slopes of the Appalachia ns to the great Mississippi River, deep in the heart of America.2) To the west of the Grea

4、t Plai ns lie the Rocky Mountains,“ the backb one of the continentmountains stretch all the way from Mexico to the Arctic and form what is known as Continen tal Divide, or Great Divide, the most importa nt watershed on the con ti nent. The Rockies are more tha n twice as high as the Appalachia ns an

5、d high eno ugh to receive more rain tha n the surro unding pla ins and plateaus. Con seque ntly, they are mostly forested. The strik ing and varied sce nery of the Rockies has give n rise to the establishme nt of many n atio nal parks here. The other n atural won ders in clude roam ing herds of buff

6、alo, elk, deer, an telope and sheep, as well as the famous grizzly bear.Chapter 2 America n Populati on1. Why is the United States knownas a “ meltipgt ”？It means that the US is composed of immigra nts from differe nt n ati ons all over the world. The people of the US are predo minan tly white. The

7、sec ond most nu merous min ority in the US were the black people whose forefathers came from Africa. America n In dia ns were the orig inal in habita nts on the con ti nent. There were about 50.5 millio n Hispa nics in 2010 in the US. They are the Spani sh-speak ing immigra nts from Lat in America n

8、 coun tries. The Chin ese America n have proved to be in dustrious and in tellige nt.2. What factors cause the America ns to move freque ntly within the Un ited States? The desire for econo mic betterme nt is gen erally the most importa nt force in duci ng migrati on. Geographic differe nee in econo

9、 mic opport uni ty, as reflected by such factors as differe nces in employment opportunitiesa nd earning power for worker血 nd differences in the availability and the price of land for farmers. Nonecono mic factors. Such as climate, racial attitudes, and family tires, in flue ncing migrati on.3. Why

10、do many America ns now migrate from cities to suburbs? The widespread uses of automobiles and the con struct ion of express highways made it possible for people to live farther away from their jobs. The teleph one reduced the n eed for them to work or live in close proximity to one ano ther. Suburba

11、 n areas offered more liv ing space tha n cities, lower crime rates, less polluti on, and superior schools. It is gen erally believed that they are better place for raisi ng childre n.Chapter 3 Discovery and Coloni zati on of the New World1. Discuss the pre-Columbia n cultures in the Americas.1) The

12、 Aztecs of Mexico2) The Incas of Peru3) The In dia ns of North America4) In dia n con tributi ons to Europea n culture: Foods, Drugs and Utilitaria n objects2. Why did the discoveries of New World before Columbus not exert great in flue nee in the world at that time?Because Europe was the n poor and

13、 politically fragme nted. It was beset by local wars and civil disorder and largely illiterate. I n short, Europe was the n in capable of resp onding to the Norse discoveries.3. Why did so many English people move to the New World in the 17 century?1) The New World was a great and rich land. In the

14、New World there were all thoseresources n ecessaryfor agricultural and in dustrial developme nt.2) During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1588-1603), the English in growing numbers realized that the New World was their best place to make their fortun es, and to worship and live accordi ng to their b

15、eliefs.3) Some of them might move to America to leave oppressive political institutions, to escape burdensome church duties, to acquire large Ian dhold ings or merely to cha nge their gen eral patter n of liv ing. Of course, material gai n was a com mon factor.4. What was the social structure of the

16、13 coloni es?Society in the 13 colonies was like a pyramid. The top was made up of mercha nts and Ian dlords. The base was made up of refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa. And n ative In dia ns.5. Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonial days?As for Indians, they

17、could not put up with slavery. If an Indian was enslaved, his fellow tribe members would fight to free him. So the colo ni alists soon gave up the attempt to use them as slave labor. I nstead they seized the land of the In dia ns and drove them away or killed them.Chapter 4 America n Revoluti on2. W

18、hat happe ned on the eve ning of March 5, 1770?A clash betwee n America n colonies and British soldiers took place in Bost on. A group of un employed laborer attacked a British sentry stati oned at the Bost on customhouse. Whe n the British soldiers dispatched to help the sentry arrived, they met a

19、rapidly grow ing, angry crowd. Some one gave the comma nd for the soldiers to fire. Three colonies were killed and several were woun ded, two of whom later died.3. How did the colonies react to the Town she nd Act?The colonies, however, still rejected the idea that the Parliament in Britain had the

20、right to tax them without consent and reacted to these new duties by refus ing to import any of the taxed goods.4. What were the main contents of the Declaration of Independence? The Preamble, which explains why the Declaration was issued. A statement of principles of government to which the America

21、n people were committed A list of injustices suffered by the colonists. A summary of efforts the colonies had made to avoid a break with the mother country. The proclamation is that theColonies are Free and Independent States5. What was the importa nee of the victory at Saratoga?The victory and Sara

22、toga wa a turning pointf the war. It further heightened the spirit of the Americans but more importa ntly it caused action abroadt was after this battle that the French agreed to join the war against BritainLater Spa in and Holla nd joined France whilenost of the other European powers formed an Arme

23、d Neutrality to protect their commerce from Britainr. s naval poweChapter 5 the Con federati on and the Con stituti on1. What is con federati on?A con federati on is a gover nment in which the con stitue nt gover nmen ts, called states in the US, create a cen tral gover nment by con stituti onal com

24、pact but do not give it power to regulate the con duct of in dividuals.2. Compare the powers of the gover nments un der the Articles of Con federati on and the Con stituti on.3. What does the “ check and bala nee ” mean?It means that each branch of gover nmen t-executive, legislative, or judicial-mu

25、st exercise disti net powers and be selected in a distinct way, and that each branch must be able to check and balanee” the others if one branch grew too powerful and sought to domin ate the others.4. What was the Bill of Rights?It guaranteed freedom of speech, religion, peaceful assembly, and the p

26、ress; the right to bear arms; freedom from un reas on able search; and the right to the protect ion of certa in legal procedures known as the due process of law.5. What were the chief causes of the War of 1812? The British were not rec on ciled to the loss of their thirtee n coloni es. Usi ng Can ad

27、a as the base, they always challe nged to battle with the young Republic. This an ger reaches its peak in 1807 whe n one British warship attached and boarded in America n ship, killi ng and wounding 21me n and impress ing four sailors. Jeffers on persuaded Con gress to pass an Embargo Act, which for

28、bade all ships, except foreig n ones without charge, to leave America n ports.Chapter 6 America n Expa nsion and the Civil War1. What was the importa nee of the Monroe Doctri ne?The esse nee was America for America ns”,which later became a cornerstone of the US foreign polices the New world develope

29、d in the years ahead this Doctri ne became more meanin gful and was stre ngthe ned by a broader in terpretatio n to meet the n eeds of an en ergetic and ambitious Un ited States.2. What were the basic causes of the Civil War?Two differe nt social-ec ono mic systems existed side by side in the Un ite

30、d States.In the Southslavery was the foun dati on of the econo mic system whilein the North i ndustry and commerce were the mai n character of its economy. The swiftly grow ing in dustries in the North required the restrictio n of slavery as well as an expanding territory in order to provide capital

31、ist production with raw materials, markets and abundant labor supply.The slave economy in the South was an obstacleto industrial growth and expansion.This economic antagonism led to increased conflicts between the North and the South.3. What was the doctrine of the popular sovereignty”？This doctrine

32、 means that the inhabitants of the new territories can decide the question of slavery for themselves. In appearanee, it seemed fair, but in actual practice, as far as slavery was concerned, the doctri ne did not work.4. How do you comme nt on the America n Civil War?The outcome of the war placed the

33、 n orther n capitalists in solid eon trol of the federal gover nment of the US capitalism .In 1865, the Thirtee nth Ame ndme nt to the US Con stituti on was adopted, which freed all slaves throughout the Un ited States.Chapter 7 Recon struct ion and the Birth of US Imperialism1. What is the 10 perce

34、 nt pla n?The pla n provided that as soon as 10 perce nt of voters in any state had take n the oath of loyalty, they could form their own gover nment and would be en titled to the recog niti on of their state by the preside nt of the Un ited States.2. Why was An drew Joh nson impeached by the House?In March 1867, Con gress passed two Acts that took away two preside ntial prerogatives: the right to remove Cabinet members and the right to remove army officers un der