动名词动词不定式讲义

1、非谓语动词一、动词不定式1 、动词不定时的构成 不定时的基本形式为： to+ 动词原形，有时可以不用 to，这里的 to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定 式的否定形式是 not+ （ to+ ）动词原形。? Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries it too often.A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat2 、动词不定式的句法功能1 ）动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： 把不定式置于句首。To get there by bike will take us

2、 half an hour. 骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。To save money now seems impossible. 现在好像不可能省钱。 用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后 .Its our duty to take good care of the old.It takes me two days to read the book.It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.It is stupid of you to write d own

3、 everything （that） the teacher says.It seemed impossibl e to save money.考点拓展：it is+adj+for sb to do.it is+adj+of sb to do 的含义及区别It is kind of you to help me. 你能帮我太好了 .It is beneficial for you to d o sports. 运动对你有益 .完成下列句子 ,试试 :Its very difficult me to do it.Its very kindyou to do it for me.It is cl

4、everhim to come odwn without ropes.1. It was stupid me to talk in that way to my mother.2. It is very important _ us to master English.3. It was impossibl e the little boy to carry such a heavy box.4. It is smart _ them to make good use of the Internet.2 ）不定式作宾语1）有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，

5、如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect 等。如：I plan to see a film this evening.I want to go to school.考点拓展：不定式常和疑问词 what, which, when, where, how 连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didnt know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。? John asked David how Ch

6、ristmas.A. celebratingB. to celebrate C. to be celebratedD. celebrate2）在 find, think 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用 it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。I find it easy to read English every day.? I find him all about it.A. necessary to tellB. that necessary toC. necessary it to tellD. it necessary to tell3 ）不定式作宾语补足语Lucy asked him to t

7、urn d own the radio. My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.4 、不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。? I m thirsty. Will you get me something ?A. drinkB. to drink C. eat D. eating如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 ? Sally had no pen yesterday morning.A. to writeB. to write withC. writing D. wr

8、iting with? Have you decided ?A. to go with whomB. whom to go with C. whom go withD. with whom to go? Would you pl ease pass me the knife ?A. to cut the watermel on withB. to cut the watermelonC. cutting the watermel onD. cutting the watermelon with4）不定式作状语? The meeting room is big enough one hundre

9、d people.A. holding B. hold C. to hold D. holds? Today we use machines us do most of our work.A. to helpB. help C. helping D. helped二、动名词、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing ”构成、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语 动词宾语I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜欢打篮 球。表示一

10、般的习惯或抽象行为或 经常性的动作。介词宾语Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是被用来寄信 的。表语His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可 转化成作主语。定语She is in the reading room. 她在阅览室。We should improve our teaching methods. 我们应该改 进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、 所属关系等。置于所修饰词之 前。小结一后面可跟动词的 ing 形式的情况1. 动词

11、： finish doing sth. 完成做某事； enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事； practice d oing sth. 练习做某事； imagine doing, 想象做某事； avoid doing sth. 避免做某事； consider doing sth. 考虑做某事； suggest doing sth. 建议做某事； mind doing sth. 介意做某事； keep doing sth. 持续做某事2. 固定短语： feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事； be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事； be worth d oing

12、值得做某事； spend time (in) d oing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事； have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难； have fun doing.做某事高兴3. 介词后 (on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by 等 )如：be good at doing sth. ；thank you for d oing sth. ；give up doing sth. ；stop sb. from doing sth. ；do well in d oing sth. ；

13、 be afraid of doing sth. ；be interested in d oing sth. ；be proud of ； instead of ； be fond of4. to 作介词的情况 look forward to doing sth 期望做某事； prefer doing sth. to d oing sth 与相比较更喜欢； pay attention to d oing 注意做某事； be/get used to d oing sth. 习惯于做某事； make a contribution to 为做贡献 二后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况1.动词： agre

14、e to do 同意去做； afford to d o 买得起； decide to do 决定去做某事； hope to do 希望去做； wish to do 希望去做； fail to do做某事失败去； plan to do打算去做； pretend to do 假装去做； refuse to do拒绝去做； would like to d o想要去做； want to d o想要去做某事； learn to do 学做； prefer to d o sth. 喜欢(爱)做某事； sb. seem to do sth 好像做某事； want/woul d like to do sth.

15、 想做； used to do sth. 过去常做某事2.句型.allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事asked sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事)tell sb. (not) to d o sth. 叫某人去(不要)做某事foll ow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事(或不要做某事)be amazed to d o sth. 对做某事感到惊讶be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 be

16、 excited to d o sth. 对做感到兴奋be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事 be glad/happy to d o sth. 高兴去做某事 be/get ready to do sth. 准备做某 事be sorry to d o sth. 对做某事感到抱歉be surprised to d o sth. 对做某事感到惊奇 can t wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事get/have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会It s + adj.+（for sb.） to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）怎么

17、样It s +adj. +（of sb.） to do sth. It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考） Its best for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的Its time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了too （for sb.） to 太以致不能 =not enough to do prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁 愿而不愿 something to eat/drink 一些吃 / 喝的东西（词不定式放在 someth

18、ing 等后修饰这些 Sth. is hard/difficult/easy to d o 做好某事很难 / 容易take turns to d o sth. 轮流做There is no time （for sb. ） to d o sth. 对（某人来说）没时间做某事了There is no need （for sb.） to d o sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事 try/do one s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事 三、后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况：1、后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词有些动词接 doing 和 to do意义相近像 like（喜欢），love（

19、喜欢），hate（憎恨），prefer（ 宁可），begin（开始），start（开 始） ， continue（ 继续 ）。如：等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大.like to do 表示想要做某一具体的动作 like doing 表示一般或抽象的多次动作 它们在实际使用中区别很小。I like to swim this afternoon.I like swimming.2、后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词：remember to do（ 记住去做 ） remember doing（ 记得做过 ） try to do（ 设法做 ） try doing（ 试着做 ） g o on to do（

20、 接着做另一事 ） go on doing（ 继续做同一事 ）cant help to do（ 不能帮助做 ） can t help doing（ 情不自禁做 ）1 、 stop to d o（停下来去做 ）stop doing（停止做 ）*Please stop a rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has* Lets have a rest, shall we? Not now, I cant stop the letters.A. writeB. to writeC. writingD. and write2、

21、forget to do（ 忘记去做 ） forget doing（ 忘记做过 ）* Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home? Sorry, I forgot some money with me.A. take B. Taking C. to take D. took 四、省略 to 的动词不定式用法归纳 使役动词与 to 的省略当不定式用于 let, make, have 等使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式必须省略to 。? Let me another cup of tea.A. to haveB. have C. havingD. to

22、 having? She had him away the snow.A. to sweepB. sweepC. sweepingD. to sweeping? They made him them everything.A. to tell B. tell C. tellingD. to telling不定式必感觉动词与 to 的省略 当不定式用于表示感觉的动词 feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to 等作宾语补足语时， 须省略 to.? We all felt the house .A. shakingB. shake C. to shake D.to shaking.? I heard him down the stairs.A.to go B. going C.go D. went ? Did you notice her the house?A.to leave B. leaving C. leave