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1、动词不定式 (the infinitive )用法梳理( 1)定义: 动词不定式是由“不定式符号 to+ 动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构结构:to + 动词原形”,即to do ”, 其中 to 不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化否定形式为 : not / never + to do句法功能:用作主语1 多数情况用 it 作形式主语, 把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末 ,特别是不定式短语较长时。E.g.To learn English wellis not easy.= It s not etaos yle arn English well.1. I t is ou

2、r duty to try our best to deal with these problems.2. The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.2 动词不定式作主语, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。To see is to believe.( 眼见为实;百闻不如一见 )【翻译】成为一个老师是我的梦想。 .3 疑问词 +不定式短语 作主语可置于句首。How to learn English well is important.补充:用 it 作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如: It

3、 be名词 to doIts our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time +to doHow long did it take you to finish the work? It be形容词 for sb to do 逻辑主语It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour. It be形容词 of sb to do“ It is stupid of you to write down everything

4、 ”, the teacher says.注意: 在中 ,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如: difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等; 在中 , 常用 careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise 等 表示赞扬或批评的词, 强 调对人的评价。在不定式前的 sb.,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb. is形容词 to do 句式 ,如: Its kind of you to help me w

5、ith my English. = You are kind to help me with my English. It seems(appears) 形容词 to doIt seemed impossible to save money.【练习】 1. It s very nice of them(send) me the flowers.2. (become) a teacher is my dream.3. It s very important to learn English well.( 同义句转换 )English well very important.4. Its our

6、duty the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans5. Its hard for us English well. A. Learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning6. 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It will the workers over a year the flyover.7. Its very nice you to get me two tickets the World Cup.A. for , ofB. of , for C. to , forD

7、. of , to用作宾语1. 可以接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:在 want, like , agree, hope, wish, learn, begin, start,seem, decide, hate, choose, forget , remember 等动词后面,可以接不定式作宾语。【练习 1:在课文中找出后接不定式做宾语的词并归纳】单词不定式及其否定形式单词不定式及其否定形式19210311412513614715816【练习 2】1. They want (save) time by using shorter words and phrases.2. It s

8、 time for class. Please stop (talk).3. I d like (go) to the Temple of Heaven.4. We decided at the end of this month.A. travel B. not start out C. to leave D. going5. The teacher told us in bed.A. Don t readB. read not C. to not readD. not to read2. 动词 feel, find, make, think 等后面,可以用 it 作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动

9、词不定式, 句子结构是.feel / find / make / . it + adj. / n. + to do. .。如:I find it difficult (remember)everything.I find it a good way( 提高 )my English.归纳及注意 及物动词 +不定式一般形式:谓语动词 (vt.)+不定式 (作宾语 )说明 want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定 ) / would like( 想要 ) / hope(希望 ) / love(喜爱 ) / learn( 学 会) / agree(同意) / fail( 失败、未能)

10、 / wish(希望)+ to (do)(无)help(帮助 )to 可以省略begin(开始 )/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨 )也可跟动名词 ,意义变化不大forget(忘记) / remember(记得)/ like( 总爱)也可跟动名词 ,意义变化较大see sb. do sth. / watch sb. do sth. / make sb. do sth. /have sb. do sth. / let sb. do sth.及物动词 +疑问词 +不定式:谓语动词 (vt.)+wh-疑问词 +不定式 (作宾语 )说明 tell ( 告诉 ) / show ( 显示 ) / k

11、now ( 知道 ) / ask (问) / find out (发现 ) / understand (明白 ) / learn(学会 ) / forget( 忘记 ) / remember(记得 ) / teach sb.(教某人 )what where + howwhowhich+ to (do)不定式疑 问 形式还可 以 作句子的 主 语、表语等。注意: 后跟不带 to 的动词做宾语补足语的词,【巩固练习】1. Let him a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.A. hasB. have C. to haveD. h

12、aving2. the computer is a problem.A. How to useB. What to use C. Where to useD. Which to use3. The teacher told us in bed.A. dont readB. read notC. to not readD. not to read4. The TV set is too loud. Will you please ?A. turn down it B. turn it downC. to turn it downD. to turn down it5. It s cold out

13、side. You had better your coat.D. put onA. to put onB. putting on C. puts on、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. It took half an hour (get) to the World Park from Kitty s school.2. It was interesting (see) so many places of interest from all over the world.3. They want (save) time by using shorter words and phrases.4.

14、Kitty s classmate Daniel taught himself how (make) a home page.5. He put his photos on it for everyone (look) at.6. Help him (put) the photos in the correct order.7. He made the girl (cry) yesterday.双宾语定义: 当一个句子中出现两个动作的承受着,一个是物,一个是人,采用下列表达方式:动词 +人+物= 动词+ 物+介词 +人。 此时, 人为间接宾语, 物为直接宾语,这两个宾语称为“ 双宾语例子:I【

15、主语】give【动词】you【间接宾语】a rose.【直接宾语】Igivea rosetoyou.【主语】【动词】【】【】【】【判断】I passedhiman apple.I passedan appleto him.结构: “及物动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语” 或 “及物动词 + 直接宾语 + to/for +间接宾语”辨析点】 双宾语结构为 “及物动词 + 直接宾语 + to/for +间接宾语”时, 根据动词不同,介词有时为 to, 有时为 for .其中 to 侧重指动作的方向,表示“朝着,向着,对着 ”;其中 for 侧重 指动作的受益者,表示 “为了 ,替”。常见搭配: tof

16、orgive sb. sth. = give sth.to sb. send sb. sth. = send sth.to sb.show sb. sth. = show sth.to sb.teach sb. sth. = teach sth.to sb. lend sb. sth. = lend sth.to sb.【巩固练习】1. Can you explain?A. this problem to meB. me problembuy sb. sth. = give sth.for sb.make sb. sth. = give sth.for sb.cook sb. sth. = give sth.for sb.C. to me problem D. my this

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