2018年上半年教师资格证考试英语学科知识与教学能力真题(初级中学)

1、2018年上半年教师资格证考试英语学科知识与教学能力真题（初级中学）(总分：150.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、单项选择题本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，错选、多选或未选均无分。(总题数：22，分数：60.00)1.thesimilaritybetweentheenglishconsonants/p/,/b/,and/m/isthattheyarealla.fricativeb.plosivec.labial-dentald.bilabial解析：本题考查辅音的分类。根据辅音的分类，按照发音部位，/p/，/b/，/m/都属于双唇音

2、（bilabial）；按照发音方式，/p/，/b/是爆破音（plosive），/m/是鼻音（nasal）。故本题选d。2.whichofthefollowingisabackvowelinenglish?a./:/b./:/c./d./e/解析：本题考查元音的分类。根据元音的分类，可知/:/属于中元音，/:/属于后元音，/e/属于前元音。但/比较特殊，发此音时舌头的最高位置偏中后，所以有的分类系统会把它归为中元音，也有的把它归为后元音，考生在做此类题时要根据选择项的情况灵活处理。3.thereisonlyoneplaygroundslideinthisschool,sothestudentsh

3、avetotake()touseit.a.turnsb.theturnsc.aturnd.theturn解析：本题考查习惯搭配。句意为“因为学校只有一个滑梯，所以学生们不得不轮流使用”。taketurnstodosth.为习惯搭配，意为“轮流去做某事”。故本题选a。4.outofeveryonesexpectation,johnsonsuddenlyreturned()arainynight.a.atb.inc.ond.during解析：本题考查介词用法。句意为“出乎所有人意料，约翰逊在一个雨夜突然回来了”。与具体时间搭配的介词为on。表示具体某天或某天的上午、下午、晚上等特定日期时，前面应用

4、介词on。如果day，morning，afternoon，evening，night等表示时间的名词前有形容词修饰时表示某一特定时间，也需用介词on。5.she()itverywellwhenshedescribedheryoungerbrotheras“brilliantbutlazy”.a.putb.madec.assumedd.interpreted解析：本题考查动词辨析。句意为“她把他弟弟表述成聪明但懒惰，这真是说得太好了”。put有“说，表达”的意思，putitverywell意为“说得很好”。make“做，制造”，assume“假定，承担”，interpret“解释，口译”。故本题

5、选a。6.wedontthink()possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.a.thisb.thatc.itsd.it解析：本题考查it作形式宾语时的用法。当不定式、动名词或从句在复合宾语结构中作动词think，make，find，consider，feel，suppose等的宾语时，常用it用作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。句意为“我们认为不进行大量的记忆是不可能掌握一门外语的”。7.()thesamemistakesintheannualfinancialreportagainmadehisbossveryangry

6、.a.hishavingmadeb.hehavingmadec.hehadmaded.hehasmade解析：本题考查非谓语动词。句意为“他在年度财务报告中又犯了同样的错误，这让他的老板非常生气”。分析成分，句子中已经有谓语动词made，所以排除c、d。非谓语动词作主语时，动名词的复合结构就是在动名词前加上它的逻辑主语，其形式为：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词动名词。故本题选a。8.iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer,buti()sobusythen.a.hadbeenb.werec.wasd.wouldbe解析：本题考查动词时态。句意为“我本来可以告诉他答案，但我那时太忙了”

7、。由wouldhavetold可知前半句是对过去的假设；而由then可知后半句是在描述过去的事实，因此后半句用一般过去时。故本题选c。9.theuseoftheexpression“iwontboreyouwithallthedetail”includesthatpeopleusuallyobservethe()maximintheirdailyconversations.a.quantityb.qualityc.relevanced.manner解析：本题考查会话含义理论。题干意思：“我不会把所有的细节都说给你听”这种表达表明人们在日常交谈中通常会遵守什么准则？quantitymaxim“数

8、量准则”，qualitymax“质量准则”，relevancemaxim“关联准则”，manermaxim“方式准则”。在合作原则中，数量准则是指：使你说的话语如（交谈的当前目的）所要求的那样信息充分。不要使你的话语比所要求的信息更充分。故本题选a。10.whichofthefollowingisanevaluativemoveusedbyateacherinclasstocommentonstudentsperformance?a.initiationmoveb.follow-upmovec.framingmoved.repairmove解析：本题考查课堂话语分析。题干意思：下面哪一个是教师

9、用来评价学生课堂表现的评价话步？inititionmove“引发话步”，包括要求对方用语言或非语言形式做出反应，传达思想、事实、意见或信息等。follow-upmove“反馈话步”，主要表现为教师对学生回答做出的后续性话语，其结构包括三类话自：接受（accept）、评价（evaluate）和评论（comment）。例如“good”“fine”这样一些词属于反馈话步。framingmove“框架话步”，用来表明课堂话语新一阶段的开始，在语流中起着标示边界的作用。例如“well”“ok”这样一些词属于框架话步。故本题选b。11.whichofthefollowingactivitiesisnott

10、ypicalofthetask-basedlanguageteachingmethod?a.problem-solvingactivitiesb.opinionexchangeactivitiesc.information-gapactivitiesd.patternpracticeactivities解析：本题考查任务型语言教学活动。题干的意思：下列哪项活动不是典型的任务型语言教学活动？任务型语言教学是指在教学活动中，教师围绕特定的交际和语言项目，设计出具体的、可操作的任务，学生通过表达、沟通、交涉、解释、询问等各种语言活动形式来完成任务，以达到学习和掌握语言的目的。根据任务的定义及特点，任

11、务型教学活动可分为解决问题型、交流意见型、信息沟等类型的活动。d项“句型练习活动”属于传统的教学活动，不属于典型的任务型语言教学活动。故本题选d。12.ifateachershowsstudentshowtodoanactivitybeforetheystartdoingit,he/sheisusingthetechniqueofa.presentationb.demonstrationc.elicitationd.evaluation解析：本题考查教学技巧。题干的意思：如果教师在让学生开始做一个活动前先向他们展示活动是如何进行的，那么他/她使用的是什么技巧？a项“呈现”，b项“示范”，c项“

12、引入”，d项“评价”。根据题意，可知本题选b。13.whenateacherasksstudentstodiscusshowatextisorganized,he/sheismostlikelytohelpthema.evaluatethecontentofthetextb.analyzethestructureofthepassagec.understandtheintentionofthewriterd.distinguishthefactsfromtheopinions解析：本题考查语篇教学。题干的意思：如果教师让学生讨论一篇文章是如何组织的，他/她最有可能是帮助他们做什么？a项“评价文

13、章内容”，b项“分析文章结构”，c项“理解作者的意图”，d项“区分事实和观点”。教师让学生讨论一篇文章是如何组织的，最有可能是帮助学生分析文章结构。故本题选b。14.whichofthefollowingpracticescanencouragestudentstoreadanarticlecritically?a.evaluatingitspointofviewb.findingoutthefactsc.findingdetailedinformationd.doingtranslationexercises解析：本题考查阅读教学。题干的意思：下列哪种练习可以鼓励学生批判性地阅读文章？a项“

14、评价它的观点”，b项“找出事实”，c项为“找到细节信息”，d项“做翻译练习”。评价文章观点的活动能够引导学生在理解文本的基础上对文章中的观点进行分析、评判，促使学生主动、积极地思考，促进学生批判性思维的发展。故本题选a。15.whichofthefollowingisadisplayquestionusedbyteachersinclass?a.ifyouwerethegirlinthestory,wouldyoubehavelikeher?b.doyoulikethisstorygirlthethumb,whyorwhynot?c.doyouagreethatthegirlwasakind-

15、heartedperson?d.whathappenedtothegirlattheendofthestory?解析：本题考查课堂提问的类型。题干的意思：下列哪个问题属于教师在课堂上使用的展示性问题？a项“如果你是故事里的女孩，你会像她一样表现吗？”，b项“你喜欢拇指姑娘的故事吗，为什么？”，c项“你认为这个女孩是个热心人吗？”，d项“在故事的结尾这个女孩发生了什么？”。展示性问题指的是教师已经知道答案或者答案能在相关工具中找到，用于检查学生对课文内容的字面理解的提问。d项属于展示性问题，而其他三项均属于参考性问题，即教师所提问题没有预设的答案，目的是发散思维、寻求信息。故本题选d。16.wh

16、ichofthefollowingwouldateacherencouragestudentstodoinordertodeveloptheircognitivestrategies?a.tomakeastudyplanb.tosummalizeastoryc.toreadatextaloudd.todopatterndrills解析：本题考查课程标准知识。题干的意思：为了培养学生的认知策略，教师会鼓励学生怎样做？a项“制订学习计划”，b项“概述故事”，c项“大声读文章”，d项“做句型练习”。认知策略是指学生为了完成具体学习任务而采取的步骤和方法，同时也包括学习者加工信息的一些方法和技术。概述

17、属于加工信息的一种方法。故本题选b。17.whichofthefollowingexerciseswouldateachermostprobablyuseifhe/shewantstohelpstudentsdevelopdiscoursecompetence?a.paraphrasingsentencesb.translatingsentencesc.unscramblingsentencesd.transformingsentences解析：本题考查语篇教学。题干的意思：如果教师想培养学生的语篇能力，他/她最有可能采用以下哪种练习？a项“释义句子”，b项，“翻译句子”，c项“整理句子”，d

18、项“转换句子”。语篇能力就是能够依靠上下文或语境理解篇章和通过衔接连贯、逻辑联系等手段组织篇章结构的能力，简而言之，就是能够对篇章信息进行理解、加工和再创作的能力。释义句子即用英语解释或转换句子，符合题意。故本题选a。18.theadvantagesofpairandgroupworkincludeallofthefollowingexcepta.interactionwithpeersb.varietyanddynamismc.anincreaseinlanguagepracticed.opportunitiestoguaranteeaccuracy解析：本题考查课堂活动形式。题干的意思：下

19、列哪项不是结对活动和小组活动的优点？a项“与同伴互动”，b项“多样化和活力”，c项“语言练习增多”，d项“保证准确性的机会”。结对活动和小组活动主要是通过成员相互交流与合作来完成任务。它们可以促进学生间的互动，活跃课堂气氛。结对活动和小组活动重在交流，主要关注语言表达的流畅性，会在一定程度上忽视准确性。故本题选d。19.whichofthefollowingshouldateacheravoidwhenhis/herfocusisondevelopingstudentsabilitytousewordsappropriately?a.teachingboththespokenandwritte

20、nformb.teachingwordsincontextandgivingexamplesc.presentingtheform,meaning,anduseofawordd.askingstudentstomemorizebilingualwordlists解析：本题考查语言知识教学。题干的意思：如果教师专注于培养学生恰当地使用单词的能力，那么他/她应该避免以下哪种方式？a项“教单词的口语和书面形式”，b项“在语境中教单词并举例子”，c项“呈现单词的形式、意义及用法”，d项“要求学生记忆双语单词表”。在词汇教学中，教师不仅要讲授单词的形式，还要创设具体的语境，让学生在运用中加深对词汇意义的

21、理解，掌握词汇的用法和功能，进而恰当得体地运用词汇表情达意。记忆双语单词表属于单纯的记忆活动，不能起到促进学生恰当使用词汇的作用。故本题选d。20.whichofthefollowingpracticesismostlikelytoencouragestudentscooperationinlearning?a.doingaprojectb.havingadictationc.takingatestd.copyingatext解析：本题考查课堂组织活动。题干的意思：下列哪种练习最有可能培养学生在学习中的合作精神？a项“完成项目”，b项“听写”，c项“考试”，d项“抄写课文”。根据题意，在完成项

22、目时需要多方合作，这最有可能培养学生的合作精神。故本题选a。请阅读passage1,完成第2125小题。passage1inrecentyears,however,societyhascometounderstandthelimitationsofschoolsthatmerelysortandrankstudents.wehavediscoveredthatstudentsinthebottomone-thirdtoone-halfoftherankorderplusallwhodropoutbeforebeingrankedfailtodevelopthefoundationalreadi

23、ng,writing,andmathematicalproficienciesneededtosurvivein,letalonecontributeto,anincreasinglytechnicallycomplexandethnicallydiverseculture.sotoday,inaskingschoolstoleavenochildbehind,societyisaskingthateducatorsraiseupthebottomoftherank-orderdistributiontoaspecifiedlevelofcompetence.wecallthoseexpect

24、ationsour“academicachievementstandards”.everystatehasthem,and,asamatterofpublicpolicy,schoolsaretobeheldaccountableformakingsurethatallstudentsmeetthem.tobeclear,themissionofsortinghasnotbeeneliminatedfromtheschoolingprocess.fortheforeseeablefuture,studentswillstillberankedattheendofhighschool.howev

25、er,societynowdictatesthatsuchacelebrationofdifferencesinamountlearnedmuststartatacertainminimumlevelofachievementforall.theimplicationsofthischangeinmissionfortheroleofassessmentareprofound.assessmentandgradingproceduresdesignedtopermitonlyafewstudentstosucceed(thoseatthetopoftherank-orderdistributi

26、on)mustnowberevisedtopermitthepossibilitythatallstudentscouldsucceedatsomeappropriatelevel.furthermore,proceduresthatpermitted(perhapsevenencouraged)somestudentstogiveupinhopelessnessandtostoptryingmustnowbereplacedbyothersthatpromotehopeandcontinuouseffort.inshort,theentireemotionalenvironmentsurro

27、undingtheprospectofbeingevaluatedmustchange,especiallyforperenniallowachievers.thestudentsmissionisnolongermerelytobeatotherstudentsintheachievementrace.atleastpartoftheirgoalmustbetobecomecompetent.teachersmustbelievethatallstudentscanachieveacertainlevelofacademicsuccess,mustbringalloftheirstudent

28、stobelievethisofthemselves,mustaccommodatethefactthatstudentslearnatdifferentratesbymakinguseofdifferentiatedinstruction,andmustguideallstudentstowardtheattainmentofstandards.thedrivingdynamicforceforstudentscannotmerelybecompetitionforanartificialscarcityofsuccess.becauseallstudentscanandmustsuccee

29、dinmeetingstandards,cooperationandcollaborationmustcomeintoplay.thedrivingforcesmustbeconfidence,optimism,andpersistenceforall,notjustforsome.allstudentsmustcometobelievethattheycansucceedatlearningiftheytry.theymusthavecontinuousaccesstoevidenceofwhattheybelievetobecredibleacademicsuccess,howeversm

30、all.thisnewunderstandinghasspawnedincreasedinterestinformativeassessmentinrecentyears.（分数：10）(1).whatdothe“academicachievementstandards”inparagraph1referto?（分数：2）a.thedrivingdynamicforcesforallstudentswhoneedtosurviveinsocietyb.confidence,optimism,andpersistencethatstudentsneedinordertosucceedc.diff

31、erentiatedlevelsofcompetencespecifiedforstudentswithdifferentabilitiesd.themissionsofstudentswhowanttobeatothersintheirachievementraceinschool解析：细节题。根据关键词所在文中的句子“wecallthoseexpectationsouracademicachievementstandards.”可知其对应的就是“thoseexpectations”所指的内容。根据前面一句话“societyisaskingthateducatorsraiseuptheboo

32、moftherank-orderdistributiontoaspecifiedlevelofcompetence.”可确定答案为c。(2).whichofthefollowingwouldhappenduetothechangeinmissionfortheroleofassessment?（分数：2）a.moststudentswouldachieveacertainlevelofacademicsuccessb.educatorswouldraiseupthebottomoftherank-orderdistributionc.teacherswouldhelplowachieverst

33、obeathighachieverssuccessfullyd.schoolswouldeliminatesortingandrankingfromtheschoolingprocess解析：细节题。根据第四段“thestudentsmissionisnolongermerelytobeatotherstudentsintheachievementraceallstudentscanachieveacertainlevelofacademicsuccess”可知a项正确，c项错误。b项文章没有提及。根据第二段“tobeclear,themissionofsortinghasnotbeeneli

34、minatedfromtheschoolingprocess.”可知，d项错误。故本题选a。(3).whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“accommodate”inparagraph4?（分数：2）a.adaptb.matchc.acceptd.understand解析：词义题。根据画线词定位到文章倒数第二段的最后一句，该句包含四个小分句，采用了平行结构“must+v.”。此处accommodate有“承认，接受”的意思。当它表示“（使）适应”时常用的搭配为accommodate（sb.）tosth.。故本题选c。(

35、4).whichismeantbytheauthorabouttheemotionalpromiseofassessmentforstudents?（分数：2）a.toreachaminimumlevelofachievementb.tobuilduptheirconfidenceinsuccessc.toenablethemtocompetewithothersd.tohelpthemrealizetheirgoals解析：推断题。根据题干中的关键词emotionalpromise将答案锁定在第三段和最后一段。根据第三段“assessmentandgradingproceduresmustn

36、owberevisedtopermitthepossibilitythatallstudentscouldsucceedatsomeappropriatelevelmustnowbereplacedbyothersthatpromotehopeandcontinuouseffort”以及最后一段“thedrivingdynamicforceforstudentscannotmerelybecompetitionforanartificialscarcityofsuccessthedrivingforcesmustbeconfidence，optimism，andpersistence”可推断出

37、作者表达的意思是通过评估改革，教师要激发学生的自信与希望，使他们相信通过不断的努力，终会取得成功。故本题选b。(5).whichofthefollowingislikelytobethetitleofthispassage?（分数：2）a.formativeassessmentb.successinmeetingstandardsc.anewmissionofassessmentd.limitationsofcurrentschoolranking解析：主旨题。文章一开始分析了给学生排名这种评价方式的弊端，然后讲述了评价方式的改革，即学校要让所有学生而不仅仅是一部分学生达标。a项“形成性评价”

38、，b项“成功达标”，d项“学校现行的排名制度的弊端”，三项均不能全面地体现文章的中心思想。c项“评价的新使命”最适合做这篇文章的标题。请阅读passage2,完成第2630小题。passage2thesubjectofballads,booksandfilms,robinhoodhasproventobeoneofpopularculturesmostenduringfolkheroes.overthecourseof700years,theoutlawfromnottinghamshirewhorobstherichtogivetothepoorhasemergedasoneofthemos

39、tenduringfolkheroesinpopularculture-andoneofthemostversatile.buthowhasthelegendofsherwoodforestsmerryoutlawsevolvedovertime?didarealrobinhoodinspiretheseclassictales?beginninginthe15thcenturyandperhapsevenearlier,christianrevelersincertainpartsofenglandcelebratedmaydaywithplaysandgamesinvolvingarobi

40、nhoodfigurewithnear-religioussignificance.inthe19thcentury,writer-illustratorslikehowardpyleadaptedthetraditionaltalesforchildren,popularizingthemintheunitedstatesandaroundtheworld.morerecently,bringingrobintothesilverscreenhasbecomeariteofpassagefordirectorsrangingfrommichaelcurtizandridleyscotttot

41、errygilliamandmelbrooks.throughoutrobinsexistence,writers,performersandfilmmakershaveprobedbedtheirimaginationsfornewincarnationsthatresonatewiththeirrespectiveaudiences.in14th-centuryengland,whereagrariandiscontenthadbeguntochipawayatthefeudalsystem,heappearsasananti-establishmentrebelwhomurdersgov

42、ernmentagentsandwealthylandowners.latervariationsfromtimesoflesssocialupheavaldispensewiththegoreandcastrobinasadispossessedaristocratwithaheartofgoldandaloveinterest,maidmarian.inacademics,meanwhile,havecombedthehistoricalrecordforevidenceofarealrobinhood.englishlegalrecordssuggestthat,asearlyasthe

43、13thcentury,“robehod,”“rabunhod”andothervariationshadbecomecommonepithetsforcriminals.butwhathadinspiredthesenicknames:afictionaltale,aninfamousbanditoranamalgamofboth?thefirstliteraryreferencestorobinhoodappearinaseriesof14th-and15th-centuryballadsaboutaviolentyeomanwholivedinsherwood.forestwithhis

44、menandfrequentlyclashedwiththesheriffofnottingham.ratherthanapeasant,knightorfallennoble,asinlaterversions,theprotagonistofthesemedievalstoriesisacommoner.littlejohnandwillscarletarepartofthisrobs“merry”crewmeaning,atthetime,anoutlawsgang-butmaidmarian,friartuckandalan-a-dalewouldnotenterthelegendun

45、tillater,possiblyaspartofthemaydayrituals.whilemostcontemporaryscholarshavefailedtoturnupsolidclues,medievalchroniclerstookforgrantedthatahistoricalrobinhoodlivedandbreathedduringthe12thor13thcentury.thedetailsoftheiraccountsvarywidely,however,placinghiminconflictingregionsanderas.notuntiljohnmajors

46、“historyofgreaterbritain”(1521),forexample,ishedepictedasafollowerofkingrichard,oneofhisdefiningcharacteristicsinmodemtimes.wemayneverknowforsurewhetherrobinhoodeverexistedoutsidetheversesofballadsandpagesofbooks.andevenifwedid,fans,youngandold,wouldstillsurelyflocktoenglandsnottinghamshireregionfor

47、atourofthelegendsallegedformerhangouts,fromcenturies-oldpubstothemajoroakinsherwoodforest.whatwedoknowisthatthenotionofabraverebelwholivesontheoutskirtsofsociety,fightinginjusticeandoppressionwithhisbandofcompanions,hasuniversalappealwhetherhesplayedbyerrollflynn,russell.croweoreven,asona1979episode

48、of“themuppetshow,”kennitthefrog.（分数：10）(1).whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedphrase“ariteofpassage”inparagraph2?（分数：2）a.amilestoneeventb.atopagendac.areligiousceremonyd.aprivilegedright解析：词义题。根据画线词定位到文章第二段。该段主要讲述了在不同时期，robinhood的形象从充满宗教色彩，到融入儿童故事，再到被搬上大荧幕的经历变化。ariteofpassage所在句子意为“

49、将robin的形象搬到荧幕上对各位导演、来说，已经成为（）”。a项“一件具有里程碑意义的事”，b项“一项头等议程”，c项“一个宗教仪式”，d项“一项特权”。a项最符合原文意思。(2).whichofthefollowingistrueaboutmaidmarianaccordingtothepassage?（分数：2）a.awomanwithagoodheartb.awomanrobinhoodlovedc.awomanrobinhoodhelpedd.awomanstudyingrobinhoodlegend解析：细节题。根据第三段最后一句话“castrobinasadispossessedaristocratwithaheartofgoldandaloveinterest,maidmarian.”可知，maidmarian是robinhood的恋人。故本题选b。(3).whichofthefollowinghasbeenadefiningcharacterist