(超全,附答案)高考英语阅读理解做题技巧,精心整理

1、.广东省2013年高考英语阅读专题解题技巧与方法指导概述广东省高考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则：1. 文章一般为5篇（含信息匹配题），阅读量在2500单词左右；2. 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；3. 体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、应用文、论述文等。l 记叙文往往按时间顺序展开段落，文章有明显表示时间先后的词语。阅读时抓住时间这条主线，弄清who、what、where、why与how。l 描写文通过细节的描写以画面的方式来反应事物的特征、性质。对这种文章要迅速弄清其主题，主题词往往出现在各个句子里，贯穿文章的始末；紧围绕这个主题进行阅读，找到文章与之有关的

2、信息，并确定信息与主题的关系。 l 说明文多见于科普文章，用以解释或揭示事物的状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间的关系，这类文体的文章，首句往往是主题句，开门见山，说明文章的关注对象：弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式；把握次要信息及其与主题的关系。 l 论述文的阅读难在这种文章处处都渗透作者的个人观点、态度。阅读论述文应该从文体的写作和结构特点入手。 文章的结构往往很容易把握，用主题句开门见山。作者往往通过信号词(signal words或transitional words)和关联词(referents来组织段落、文章.对信号词的迅速反应和对关联词的准确判断是至关重要的；要特别注意区分作者的观

3、点与文章里所提到的人物的观点，同时注意作者所使用的表示赞同、反对等感情色彩的词汇。 阅读理解的测试要点如下 1理解主旨大意 2寻读具体信息 3理解细节 4根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义进而加深对文段的理解 5简单的判断和理解 6理解文段的基本逻辑结构 7理解作者的意图和态度 8理解文段的文化信息 9理解图表信息 10理解指代常见问题1. 关于文章主旨和大意的问题此类考题主要针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，一般提问方式如下：1) Which is the best title of the passage?2) Which of the following is this pa

4、ssage about?3) What is the main topic of the passage？4) The subject discussed in this text is _5) Which of the following best states the theme of the passage？6) The passage tells us that_. 7) The passage is meant to .8) This passage mainly talks about_. 9) The passage is mostly about _10) The passag

5、e is mainly concerned about _11) The general/main idea of the passage is about _12) The purpose of this article is to 13) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_.14) In this passage the author discusses primarily _ 15) The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to 2. 关于文章事实和细节的问题此类

6、考题主要针对文章的细节，一般提问方式如下：1) Which of the following is right? 2) Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?3) Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?4) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?5) Which of the following is not me

7、ntioned? 6) Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?7) The author mentions all of the following except . . .8) The writer mentions all of the items listed below except _.9) What is the example of . . . as described in the passage?10) Choose the right order of this passage.11) According to

8、 the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) .12) The reason for . . .is . . .13) From this passage we know that _.14) In the passage, the author states that _.3. 猜测词义的问题此类考题目要求考生能根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。一般提问方式如下：1) The word “ABC” in the passage probably means _.2) The underlined word “ABC” in the

9、 passage refers to/means _. 3) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？4）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _5) The word it（them）in the first paragraph refers to _4. 关于对全篇逻辑关系的理解、对文章各段、各句间逻辑关系的理解的问题此类考题主要考查句语句之间，短语短之间的逻辑关系，一般提问方式如下

10、：1) Many visitors come to the writers city to _.2) Some shops can be built Dongfeng Square so that they may _.3) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _.4) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station?5. 关于推理和判断的问题此类考题一般针对短文内容和考生应有的常识，文章中虽然没有明确的答案，但考生在理解

11、全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。一般提问方式如下：1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a _.2) We can infer from the text that _. 3) It can be inferred from the text that _.4) From the letters weve learned that its very _ to know something about American social customs.5) From the story we can guess _. 6) From

12、the text we know that _.7) What would be happy if ?8) The story implies that _.9) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _.10) The writers attitude toward.is _.11) The author implied（suggested）that 12) It may be concluded from the passage that 13) Which of the following statements

13、 does the passage support？ 14) With which of the following does the author agree？ 6. 关于作者意图、观点或态度的问题此类题目的主要提问方式是一般提问方式如下：1) How did the writer feel ? 2) The author seems to think that _.3) The writer writes this text to _. 4) The writer believes that _.5) The writer suggests that _. 6) The author wa

14、nts to appeal to _ .7) The writer is trying to present a point of view in _. 8) The authors style is _ . 9) The authors tone would be best described as _ .10) What is the authors opinion of _?11) What is the authors main purpose in the passage?12) In the authors opinion_? 题目类型A类题：可以直接从原文中找到答案的题目A类题为

15、拿分题丢分原因：1）凭印象做题，准确率低。2）时间把握最容易出问题：忘记内容的时候往往会回到文章中去找答案，一篇文 章往往要读好几遍。A类题解题技巧：看清题目所问的内容之后，要在原文中划出原句，并标上题号。这样做的目的：1）做到万无一失，保证把该拿到的分数拿到手。2）减少阅读文章的次数，争取宝贵的时间。B 类题：不能够从原文中直接找到答案的题需要经过分析、判断、推理之后才能解答的题。该类题是失分题，往往是出题人用来拉开学生梯度和层次的题。B类题包括：文章主题和中心大意等，一般都是主旨题。B类题解题技巧：1、以原文为依据，不参杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。2、答案是比出来的。答案不选对的，只选最好

16、的。因为，有时候四个答案都是对的。所以，当看到第一答案是正确的时候，也要看后面的答案。遇到这种情况，往往有学生钻牛角尖。老师给学生解释的时候，也可以这样说：你的答案没错，但是另一个答案更好，更全面。答案不选对的，只选最好的。比答案的原则是：好的不知道的；不知道的不对的。3、注意绝对化的词。如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every 等等，除非文章当中使用了该类词汇，否则，一般都要排除。比如，原文中出现了这样一个句子：Almost everyone likes the music. 答题时，要你判断如下这个句子正误（True or False

17、）：Everyone likes the music. 该句子应该是错误的。4、答案要避免以点带面，以偏盖全。尤其是多个选项都有道理，难以挑选正确答案的时候，要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。5、“傻瓜”原则。文章中没有提到的就当时不知道，不要枉自猜测，自作聪明。一切以文章内容为准。阅读理解解题步骤1、第一步：先读题2、第二步：读文章3、第三步：解题高三英语阅读理解专项技巧与练习推断下续内容有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。 提问方式 1. The paragraph following the passage will most

18、probably be _. 2. Which of the following statements will best continue theparagraph? 3. Which of the following would best complete the passage? 解题技巧1. 做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。 2. 把握文章结构，注意最后一段的内容，特别留意最后几句话。 (1) We are in the computer age. We often see compu

19、ters at work. They are especially useful in automatic control, date processing(数据处理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day. More and cleverer computers will continue to appear

20、. They will run faster, have more functions and work much more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us. However 1. Which of the following statements will best continue the third

21、 paragraph? A. Computers will soon stop developing. B. Many people like computers very much.C. Computers are as clever as man. D. I do not think computers will replace us completely 答案D (2) British newspapers are much smaller than they used to be and their readers are often in a hurry, so newspaperm

22、en write as few words as possible. They tell their readers at once what happened, where, when and how many people were killed, what damage was done and so on. Because he can use only a few words, the newspapers must choose those words carefully, every one must be effective. Instead of “he called out

23、 in a loud voice ”， he writes ,“he shouted.” Because many of the readers arent very clever, and most of them are in a hurry 2. Which of the following would best complete the passage? A. he will keep his writing short and simple B. he wont care about his writing. C. he will give nothing but informati

24、on. D. he wont make his writing good enough. 答案A 推断文章结构提问方式 1. The passage is developed mainly by_. 2. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 解题技巧：1. 了解文章的主要逻辑结构是解题的前提：时空顺序。按时间先后叙述某一事物，或说明某一研究成果由过去至现在的发展情况，或按空间顺序说明某一事物。总分顺序。首段作总的概括，其他段落分别加以说明或具体论述首段的观点。分总顺序。前面几段分别说明，末段总结。对比。

25、这类文章通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主题。2. 概括各段内容的主旨，然后分析相互之间的逻辑关系。 (1) The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to African ecosystem(生态系统). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it large

26、ly shapes the forest-and-savanna(大草原)surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat(栖息地). It is the elephants great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. I

27、n its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces a

28、re numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters 70. The passage is developed mainly by _. A. showing the effect and then explaining the causes B. pointing out similarities and differences C. describing the changes in space order D. giving examples 答案 A (2)

29、 How can a creature weighing over 5 tons and normally taking 150 kilograms of food and 120 liters of water per day survive in a desert environment? In the southwest African country of Namibia, and the Sahara lands of Mali further north, the desert elephant does just that. Desert elephants can travel

30、 over 70 kilometers in search for feeding grounds and waterholes, and have a larger group of families. They drink only every 3-4 days, and can store water in a “bag” at the back of their throat, which is only used when badly needed. Desert elephants are careful feeders-they seldom root up trees and

31、break fewer branches, and thus maintain what little food sources are available. Yong elephants may even eat the dung （粪便）of the female leader of a group when facing food shortage. During drought they are unlikely to give birth to their young but with good rains the birthrate will increase greatly. D

32、esert elephants have sand baths, sometimes adding their own urine (尿液) to make them muddy! 67. The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with_. A. stories and explanation B. facts and descriptions C. examples and conclusion D. evidence and argument 答案B推断文中人物的观点提问方式 Sb.s attitude

33、towardsis that_. What do we know about sb. in the text?What kind of man sb. is? Somebody can be said to be_. (1) At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology (纳米技术) make it likely that hum

34、ans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. “There is a great push so that people can live from I20 to 180 years,” he said. “Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years.” (湖南) 68. Donald Lourias attitude towards long liv

35、ing is that _. A. people can live from 120 to 180 B. it is still doubtful how long humans can live C. the human body is designed to last past about 120 years D. it is possible for humans to live longer in the future答案 D (2) A well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct t

36、hat he had just celebrated his ninety-ninth birthday. “Thats right,” said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I havent an enemy in the world. Theyre all dead.” “Well, sir,” said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honour of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday.” The old man lo

37、oked at the young man closely, and said, “I cant see why you shouldnt. You look fit and healthy to me!” 2. What kind of man would you say the old man was?A. He was ill. B. He was unconscious.C. He was very proud and sure of his health. D. He was very polite to young people.答案 C推断文章出处提问方式 1. The pass

38、age is most likely to be taken from_. 2. Where would this passage most probably appear? 3. The passage is most likely a part of_. 解题技巧： 从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处： 1. 报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。 2. 广告：因其用词和格式特殊，容易辨认。 3. 产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。 （1） Do you always understand the directions on

39、a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take two tablets with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief take two tablets at be

40、dtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount. For children under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine. 1. This text is most pro

41、bably taken from a_. A. textbook B. newsreel C. doctors notebook D. bottle of medicine答案 A (2) Have you ever dreamed of having a fashionable watch of great value? A small watchmaker in Switzerland in 1922 designed the first automatic watch to show the day, month, and date. Only seven of these splend

42、id watches were ever made and these watches were almost lost to history. Today, it is so hard to get an original watch that some watch historians are even willing to offer $ 200,000 for one. Today, you are offered the same kind of watch with improvement. The watchmaker has made the movement of the w

43、atch much more modern with an automatic rotor(上弦装置) so that the watch never needs to be wound by hand. To get a watch in such a perfect design means to get a chance to know a piece of watch-making history and to wear such a watch will show your personal taste and social position. You can get the wat

44、ch either in person or by mail at an affordable price. You will also receive good service from the watch seller. If you are not satisfied with the watch after you get it, you may simply return it within 30 days. Dont miss the chance to realize your dream. 59. The passage is probably taken from a . A

45、. Report B. magazine C. text book D. science book 答案B运用写作手法的目的这类试题常见的提问方式有： 1. The writer usesto (show that)_. 2. By quoting (引用) , the author intends to_. 3. By telling the story of, the author intends to_. 1. 了解常考的作者所用的写作手法及其目的： (1)开头提出问题让读者关注主题。 (2)简介相关事物为了引出主题。 (3)列举具体事例说明文段的主题。 (4)运用比拟比喻让读者易理解抽

46、象或陌生的事物。 (5)引语说明或论证某个观点。 2. 运用主旨推断法，因为作者运用某种写作手法的目的或是要引出主题，或是要吸引读者关注主题，或是要把主题说明得更清楚，或是要更加突出主题，等等。 (1) I sometimes wonder what a being from another planet might report back about our way of life. “The planet Earth is ruled by a mysterious creature that sits or stands in a room and makes a strange tic

47、king sound. It has a face with twelve black marks and two hands. Men can do nothing without its permission, and it fastens its young; round peoples wrists so that everywhere men go they are still under its control. This creature is the real master of Earth and men are its slaves.” 42. By quoting (引用

48、) the remark of a being from another planet, the author intends to _. A. suggest human beings are controlled by a clock B. describe why clocks can rule the planet Earth C. tell readers what clocks look like D. compare clocks to human beings答案 A (2) “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifte

49、d up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. Scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity64. Th

50、e writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. .test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them答案 B (3)“Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads,” the Federal Highway

51、 Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill45. The writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that _ . A. wild animals have become more dangerous B. the driving conditions have improved greatly C. the measure f

52、or protecting wildlife fails to work D. an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents答案 D (4) Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying la

53、ws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. A child who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice. 53. The author uses the examples in this paragraph to show _. A. people often make mistakes when they are not noticed B. people

54、with good attitudes may sometimes do bad deeds C. particulars of a situation may influence an individuals action D. an individual may change his or her attitude fairly easily 答案C 推测隐含意义 要求考生根据文章的某个句子、某个段落或者全文所提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。 提问方式 这类试题的题干

55、中常含infer（推断）, suggest(暗示), imply(暗示), indicate(暗示), conclude(得出结论), be likely to等词语。常见的提问方式有： 1. It can be inferred/concluded from the text that . 2. We can infer/conclude from the passage that _. 3. What can be inferred from the passage? 4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? 5

56、. The writer suggests/implies that . 6. The story implies that . 7. We can see /infer /conclude from the passage that . 8. From the text we know that is most likely . 9. When the writer talks about , what the writer really means is . 10. After reading the passage we may conclude that _. 11. What conclusion can