句子成分分析1

1、金榜校区地址：厦禾路875号南洋大厦3楼310（金榜公园站旁）5865200康乐校区地址：南山路396号南山新村4楼403 （康乐公交站旁）5660032句子成分是指构成句子的各组成部分，即词和词组在句子中的各种语法意义。句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾 语、定语、状语、补语（宾语补足语）、同位语等。句子成分说明常用词类主语句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体（人或事物）动作的执行者名词、代词谓语表示主语的动作或状态动词表语放在系动词后表示主语的身份或特征名词、代词、形容词宾语表示及物动词动作的对象动作的承受者名词、代词定语限定或修饰名词、代词形容词状语修饰动词、形容词、副词用，表示时间、地点、状

2、态、程度等含义副词一、主语主语是指句子谈论的主题，也就是句中动作、行为、性质和状态的主体。通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。如：1. Betty likes her new bike. （名词）2. They usually go to school on foot.（代词）3. To learn a foreign languages not easy.（不定式）4. Playing basketball after schools great fun. （动名词）5. What he likes best is unknown.（从句）6.It took him thirty m

3、inutes to get there. （it 作形式主语，代替真正的主语to do）二、谓语谓语和主语一样，是一个句子的主干之一，表示主语所做的动作、具有的特征及所处的状态。通常由动词充当，动词常分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词以及助动词。情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语，它们必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。实义动词包括及物动词（vt）和不及物动词（vi），及物动词后面要带宾语。通常情况下,谓语位于主语之后。如：1. They work very hard.（实义动词）2. She bought a new house last year.（实义动词）3. Tom feels much

4、 better now. （连系动词）4. We can speakEnglish very well.（情态动词 + 实义动词）5. They are playing over there.（助动词 + 实义动词）-2 -黄学习右法扌挣导中血金榜校区地址：厦禾路875号南洋大厦3楼310（金榜公园站旁）5865200 康乐校区地址：南山路396号南山新村4楼403 （康乐公交站旁）5660032 注意：根据动词的分类构成五种句型，具体分析如下：不及物动词单宾语动词/及物动词Y双宾语动词I复合宾语动词I系动词三、宾语宾语表示动作的对象或承受者。一般接在及物动词后面或介词后面，通常由名词、代词、

5、数词、动词不定式、动名词以及宾语从句等构成。如：1. Tom bought a story-book last week.（名词）2. How many books do you want? ”“ want seven.”（数词）3. He wan ted tp.have a cup of .t.ea（不定式）4. She enjoys playing basketball.（动名词）5. Our teacher said that he would go there.（宾语从句）6. We find it interesting to travel with strangers.（it 作形

6、式宾语，真正的宾语是 to do）注意：有些动词需要带两个宾语，一个是直接宾语（指物），一个是间接宾语（指人）。下列动词常跟双宾语：give ; show ; send ; bring ; lend ; leave ; pass ; hand ; tell ; write ; teach ; return ; throw ; make ;buy ; do ; fetch ; get等。其中make ; buy ; do ; fetch ; get动词带的间接宾语放在直接宾语后时其前须加介词for;其余动词一般加to,女口：1. Send her a postcard tomorrow. = S

7、end a postcard to her tomorrow.2. Will you go and fetch me some chalk? = Will you go and fetch some chalk for me?四、表语说明主语的身分、特征、性质或状态的词。可用表语是英语中特有的一种句子成分，是指跟在系动词后用来形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、分词、不定式等作表语。广be动词：感官系动词：常用系动词 持续系动词：变化系动词：-终止系动词：-3 -金榜校区地址：厦禾路875号南洋大厦3楼310（金榜公园站旁）5865200康乐校区地址：南山路396号南山新村4楼403 （康乐公

8、交站旁）5660032黄冈中等3习寿法指导中心1. Her sister is a nurse. （名词）2. When he heard the news, he got angry.（形容词）3. We were _at home .last night.（介词短语）4. His cup is broken.（分词）5. Why didn I go to school yesterday? The reason is that I was ill.（that引导的从句）注意：当人称代词作表语时，在口语中常用宾格，在正式文体中用主格。如：Who is it?” me / I ”五、定语定语是

9、指用来修饰名词或代词 的、表示人或事物的性质、特征、所属关系等的词。 形容词、形容词性物主代 词、名词、不定式、介词短语、分词等可用作定语。译成汉语时常有一个“的”字；定语一般位于所修饰的词之前，但修饰不定代词时须后置。如：1. This is a （ green ） jeep.（形容词）2. The building is （ their ） teaching-building.（物主代词）3. The （ woman ） doctor is my wife. （名词）4. I have someth ing （ to tell you ）.（不定式）5. The man （in front

10、 of the gate ） is Mr Li. （介词短语）6. There is someth ing （ wrong ） with my radio.（形容词修饰不定代词）7. The book （ that I bought yesterday ） is writte n by Lux un.（定语从句）六、状语状语是说明动作或状态特征，表示动作行为或状态发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、原因、结果、程度、方式、伴随、比较等，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。常用副词、介词短语、动词不定式或由if ; when等引导的状语从句来作状语。译成汉语时常有一个“地”字.女口：1. You a

11、re quite right.（副词，表程度）2. She will arrive on Monday .（介词短语，表时间）3. He lives over the mountain .（介词短语，表地点）4. He came here in order to learn English . （不定式，表目的）5. It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that countries.（动名词，表结果）6. They stood there for an hour, watching the game .（动名词，表伴随）7. If it

12、rains tomorrow , we stay at home.（状语从句，表条件）-6 -七、补语（在此只介绍宾语补足语） 用来补充说明宾语的成分就叫宾语补足语。形容词、动词不定式、名词、畐恫等常用作宾语补足语。如:1. You may call me .（名词）2. We must keep our room .（形容词）3. Joh n asked me .（不定式）4. Keep the lights while you are out.（副词）5. The next morning she found the man vlying in the floor. （现在分词）6. Th

13、e boss always makes the workers for twelve hours a day. （省略 to 的不定式）注意：当感观动词和使让动词后的宾语补足语是动词不定式时，在主动语态中不定式符号“o ”必须省略，而在被动语态中to ”不可省略。八、同位语同位语是指两个或两个以上的词语，指同一个事物，作同一个句子成分，如:1. Mr. Smith, our new teacher , is very kind to us.（名词短语）2. We Chinese are very proud of our country.（名词）3. They all agreed with

14、the clever boy idea.（代词）4. The n ews that our team has won the game was true.（从句）总结：主谓宾，定状补; 主干枝叶分清楚; 主干成分主谓宾; 枝叶成分定状补; 定语必居主宾前; 谓前为状谓后补;黄冈申等学习右法指导中心 同步练习:Hans was the manager of a food company in the United States. In the beginning, Hans wasn-known, so t veryhe tried his best to make himself famous

15、. |In 1957, a n ati onal expositi on （ 博览会）was held in Chicago .In order to promote （ 推广）his products, Hans appliedfor a stall （展位）at the exposition. Because most of the goods shown in the exposition were already well-known, thedirector （主管）of the exposition chose to arrange Hans products in a very

16、i不起眼cuoumail attic （阁楼）.Many visitors came to the expositi on. However, few people visited Hans stall. Hans was very worried aThe first two days did not go well, but at the end of the second day, Hans got an idea. He spent the night preparing.On the third day, many small bronze （ 青铜色的）plates started appearing around the exposition. Each of the plateswas engraved （雕刻）with the phrase, “ Whoever