现在完成时课件精品[稻谷书苑]

1、现在完成时现在完成时 The Present Perfect Tense 1教学运用 现在完成时的基本结构现在完成时的基本结构 have/has+动词动词过去分词过去分词 （hashas用于第三人称单数）用于第三人称单数） 2教学运用 过去分词的变化：过去分词的变化： (1)规则变化规则变化 一般在动词原形末尾 加-ed-ed work play worked played worked played 结尾是e的动词加-d-d hope live hoped lived hoped lived 末尾只有一个辅音字 母的重读闭音节词，先 双写这个辅音字母，再 加-ed-ed stop trip

2、stopped tripped stopped tripped 结尾是“辅音字母+y” 的动词，先变“y y”为“ i i” 再加-ed-ed study worry studied worried studied worried 3教学运用 不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词 巧记规律 AAA: put put put letlet let ABA: becomebecamebecome ABB: standstoodstood ABC: eat ateeaten 4教学运用 AAA cost-cost-cost read-read-read put-put-put cut-cut-cut le

3、t-let-let set-set-set hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt 原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的 单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。 特殊：特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与 原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是 ri:d-red-red。 5教学运用 有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的: run-ran-run come-came-come become-became-become overcome-overcame-overcome ABA 6教学运用 原型原型过去式过去式过去分词过去分词例词例词 -eep-ept-eptke

4、ep,sweep,sleep -ell-old-oldsell,tell -d-t-tlend,spend,send,build -ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay -n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean -ee-e-e-meet,feed -ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think -aught-aughtcatch,teach ABB(含规则动词含规则动词) 7教学运用 1.另有一些其它形式的变化。 have (has)-had-had leave-left-left lose-lost-lost make-made-made feel-felt-

5、felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood 2. 改变单词中间元音字母。 sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-won shine-shone-shone hold-held-held find-found-found hear-heard-heard hang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged) ABB(含规则动词含规则动词) 8教学运用 ABC 原型原型过去式过去式过去分过去分 词词 例词例词 -eak-oke-okenbreak,speak -eal-ole-olensteal -ear-ore-ornwea

6、r,bear,tear -ow （aw） -ew-owngrow,blow,know, throw,draw -i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,ring, sing,begin -i-o-ndrive,rise,ride,write 9教学运用 ABC 有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变 成以en结尾的单词。 take-took-taken give-gave-given fall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eaten write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spoken freeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-r

7、idden get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot) 特殊： am/is-was-been are-were-been, do (does)-did-done go-went-gone see-saw-seen show-showed-shown (showed) lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied) 10教学运用 I. 写出下列动词的过去分词形式写出下列动词的过去分词形式. 1. wake _ 2. teach _ 3. sell _4. see _ 5. ride _ 6. pay _ 7. choose _

8、 8. throw _ 9. think _10. eat _ 11. drive _ 12. catch _ 13. bring _ 14. break _ 15. give _16. get _ 17. know _ 18. open _ 19. write _ 20. forget _ woken taught sold seen ridden paid chosen thrown thought eaten driven caught brought broken given gotgotten known opened written forgotten 11教学运用 第一人称第一人

9、称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称 肯定句肯定句 ( (主语主语 + + 助动词助动词 have/has + 动词的词的 过去分词过去分词。) ) I have written an article. We have written an article. You have written an article. You have written an article. He/She/It has written an article. They have written an article. 否定句否定句 ( (主语主语 + + 助动词助动词 have/has + not + have/h

10、as + not + 动词的过去分词。动词的过去分词。) ) I havent written an article. We havent written an article. You havent written an article. You havent written an article. He/She/It hasnt written an article. They havent written an article. 一般疑问句一般疑问句 ( (助动词助动词Have/Has + Have/Has + 主语主语 + + 动词的过去动词的过去 分词分词?)?) Have you

11、written an article? Have you written an article? Have you written an article? Have you written an article? Has he/she/it written an article? Have they written an article? 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 ( (特殊疑问词特殊疑问词 +have/has+have/has+主语主语+ +动动 词的过去分词？词的过去分词？) ) What have you done ? What have you done ? What have you d

12、one ? What have you done ? What has he/she/it done ? What have they done ? 现在完成时的基本句型：现在完成时的基本句型： 12教学运用 （改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答) I have seen him since his wedding day. I havent seen him since his wedding day . Have you seen him since his wedding day? Yes,I have. / No, I havent. 13教学运用 He has written to m

13、e since I have been ill.(改否 定句和一般疑问句) Has he written to you since you have been ill? He hasnt written to me since I have been ill Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. 14教学运用 现在完成时的基本用法现在完成时的基本用法 (一)表示在说话之前就已经完成的 动作或存在的状态。它强调的是过去的 动作同现在的联系。常用的时间状语有 already/yet/ever/never/just/before等. - Its so dark. - Someone

14、has turned off the light already. (有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑现在很黑) - Are you free? - I have already finished my homework. I am free. ( (我已我已经经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业业,对现对现在造成的在造成的结结果是很有空果是很有空) 15教学运用 现在完成时中时间状语的用法区别现在完成时中时间状语的用法区别 1.already在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 肯定句肯定句: : 句中句中( (助后实前助后实前)/)/句末句末 “ “

15、己经己经” 一般疑问句一般疑问句: : 句末句末( (表示惊讶的语气表示惊讶的语气)“)“难道难道” Ive already had breakfast. = Ive had breakfast already.(表示强调表示强调) Have you had breakfast already? 16教学运用 注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都 是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否 有动词的过去分词. She has already been late. （现在完成时 ） She was already late. （一般过去时） 17教学运用 2. 2. yetyet在现在完成时中的用

16、法在现在完成时中的用法 否定句否定句:句末句末 “还还(没没)” 疑问句疑问句: 句末句末 “己经己经” I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet? 18教学运用 注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑 问句时, already要变成yet放在句末。 I have already done my homework. 否定句否定句: : 一般疑问句一般疑问句: : I havent done my homework yet. Have you done your homework yet? 19教学运用 3. 3. eve

17、rever在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 肯定句肯定句/疑问句疑问句 : 句中句中 “曾经曾经” Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing? 20教学运用 4. 4. nevernever在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 否定句否定句: 句中句中 “从来没有从来没有” Ive never been to Beijing. 21教学运用 注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将 ever变成never; 带ever的一般疑问句 作否定回答时可用“No, never.” He has ever made du

18、mplings. 否定句否定句: 一般疑：一般疑：Have they ever travelled by train? No, never. He has never made dumplings. 22教学运用 5. just在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 用于用于句中句中, 表示表示“刚刚刚刚” Ive just had breakfast. What have they just done? 23教学运用 6. before在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 用于用于句末句末, 表示表示“以前以前” Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a

19、 bike before ? 24教学运用 (二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到 现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和 for或since引导的时间状语连用。 现在完成时的基本用法现在完成时的基本用法 I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已我已 经学了经学了10多年的英语。多年的英语。 (从从10年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在学持续到现在还在学) She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳我已经游泳 了半个小时了半个小时 (半个小时前已经开始游泳半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游到现在还在

20、游) 25教学运用 1.for + I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years. 时间段时间段 26教学运用 2. since + 从句(一般过去时) 词组 (表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点 I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000. 27教学运用 since: (自自以来以来) 1)since+时间点时间点 He has stayed he

21、re since 5 oclock. 2)since+ 时间段时间段+ ago He has stayed here since 5 hours ago. 3)since+ 从句从句 She has taught English since he came here. for: (长达）长达） for+ 时间段时间段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks. since , for 的用法的用法: 28教学运用 6.She has known Sam_ nine years. (for , never , since) 7.They have_arrived. (ev

22、er , just , yet) 8.Have you_ ridden a horse? (ever , for , yet) 9.She has known Fred_ they were at primary school. (already , just , since) 10.We have not completed the project_. (already , for , yet) for just ever since yet 29教学运用 注1): 对for或since引导的时间状语提 问 必须用how long, 决不能用when. I have lived here f

23、or 10 years. How long have you lived here? She has stood here since 2 hour ago. How long has she stood here? 30教学运用 注2): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引 导的时间状语连用. (误)I have left there for 5 years. (正)I have been away there for 5 years. 31教学运用 选用选用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: : 1.We havent seen each other _ a long t

24、ime.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to

25、 China.China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time. forfor sincesince forfor sincesince forfor sincesince 32教学运用 瞬间动词瞬间动词 与与 延续性动词延续性动词 33教学运用 瞬间动词与时间段的关系瞬间动词与时间段

26、的关系 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但在但在肯定肯定 句、疑问句中不能与时间句、疑问句中不能与时间段的状语连段的状语连用用，常见，常见 的瞬间动词有：的瞬间动词有： go/come/arrive/leave/begin/borrow/buy/die/fall/ stop/start/kill/close/graduate/join/finish/lose等。等。 They have left Shanghai. You can borrow the book for 2 weeks. (X) 若瞬间动词要接表示一段时间的状语若瞬间动词要接表示一段时间的状语, ,我们

27、可我们可 用相应的用相应的来代替瞬间动词。来代替瞬间动词。 You can keep the book for 2 weeks. 34教学运用 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与 时间段连用。时间段连用。 E.g.：I havent bought the bike for a year. . 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。 35教学运用 瞬间动词瞬间动词 与与 延续动词间的转换延续动词间的转换 36教学运用 5.短暂动词和短暂动词和

28、 延续动词转换延续动词转换 瞬间性动词瞬间性动词延续性动词延续性动词 buy borrow come go/leave open/close begin/start end/finish die catch a cold become interested in get married 37教学运用 瞬间性动词瞬间性动词延续性动词延续性动词 put on get up wake up fall asleep join arrive/reach 38教学运用 练习 判断：他到达车站半个小时了 He has arrived at the station for half an hour( ) He

29、 has been at the station for half an hour . He arrived at the station half an hour ago He _the club since two years ago . A. Joined B. has joined C. has been in 翻译：这个电影已经放映十五分钟了翻译：这个电影已经放映十五分钟了 - The film has been on for fifteen minutes. X C 39教学运用 改改 错错 1. How long have you begun to study English?

30、2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. The river has become very dirty since last August. 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. 5. He has gone out for two years. studied kept been gone been 40教学运用 have /has been to have / has gone to have / has been in的用法区别的用法区别

31、 have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示，表示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处， 但现在人不在那儿。常与但现在人不在那儿。常与just、ever、never连用。连用。 They have been to Beijing.(去过北京，现在人在衡阳去过北京，现在人在衡阳) have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已经去了已经去了某地，现在某地，现在 人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 They have gone to Beijing.(现在在北京或去北京的途中现在在北京或去北京的途中) have been in 意思是意思是

32、“呆在某处一段时间了呆在某处一段时间了”常与表示一常与表示一 段时间的时间状语连用。段时间的时间状语连用。 They have been in Beijing for two years.(在北京呆了两年在北京呆了两年) 41教学运用 用have /has been to和和have / has gone to填空 1. Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？ No，I . 2. What about your sister，Lucy？ Oh，she Chengdu， she will come back next week. Ok，thanks. Youre welcome.

33、have been to havent has gone to 42教学运用 用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空 1.1.Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year. 2.2.Mum is not at home now. she _ the Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.shop. 3.3._ you ever _ to kunming

34、 ? Never._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never. 4.4.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days? 5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days. 6.6.Where is Peter? I dont know where he Where is Peter? I dont know where he _._. 7.7.Hi Ji

35、m! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.looking for you. have been in has gone to have been Have been has been has gone have been 43教学运用 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的 某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的 是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间是现

36、在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间 状语连用。状语连用。 一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状 态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的 时间状语连用。时间状语连用。 44教学运用 He has lived in Beijing since 1999. 自自19991999年以来他一直住在北京。年以来他一直住在北京。 （说明他现在仍然在北京。）（说明他现在仍然在北京。） He lived in Bejing in 1999. 在在19991999年的时候他在北京住过。年的时候他在北京住过。 （现在是否住在北京不知道）（现在是否

37、住在北京不知道） 45教学运用 It is +一段时间一段时间 +since+句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时) =一段时间一段时间+has passed +since + 句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时) Eg. It is five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army. 46教学运用 eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Ch

38、inese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。他曾买过一本英汉字典。 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has ithe still has it” ” “ “过去他买了一本英汉字典，过去他买了一本英汉字典， 现在他还有这本字典现在他还有这本字典” 。 第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典 这一事实，

39、至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。调说明。 47教学运用 当有一个表示当有一个表示过去某一特定时间过去某一特定时间的的 状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一 般过去时般过去时: : eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但但since(since(自自以来以来)+)+某一过去时间或叙某一过去时间或叙 述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时 连用。连用。 eg： They have known each other since 1950 . Sinc

40、e he was a child ,he has lived in England. 48教学运用 常与一般过去时连用的典型常与一般过去时连用的典型 的表示过去时间的状语的表示过去时间的状语: : yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天), ), the day before yesterday(the day before yesterday(前天前天), ), just now(just now(刚才刚才) )， 时间时间+ ago, + ago, last +last +时间时间 等等; ; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We

41、finished our task last week . 49教学运用 用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）（注意时态） 1.-_ you _your pen? (mend) -Yes, I _. -When_ you _ it? -I _ it yesterday. 2.-How do you like the film? -I _(not see) such a moving film before. 3.Millies sister _(join) the club last week. So she _(be) in the club for nearly one week. Have

42、mended have did mend mended havent seen joined has been 50教学运用 4.My father_(give) up _(smoke). He doesnt _(smoke) now. 5.The Green family_(not come) back yet from the cinema. They_(go) to see a film one hour ago. 6.You_(not visit) your son for a long time. has given smoking smoke havent come went ha

43、vent visited 51教学运用 Translation 1.1.他昨天去北京了。他昨天去北京了。 2.2.他去北京两天了。他去北京两天了。 He went to Beijing yesterday. （现在是否住在北京不知道）（现在是否住在北京不知道） He has been in Beijing for two days. （说明他现在仍然在北京。）（说明他现在仍然在北京。） 52教学运用 PracticePractice 53教学运用 单项选择单项选择 1.He _ working. A. have just started B. has just start C. has jus

44、t stars D. has just started 2. _ you _ your suitcase yet? A.Do, pack B. Did, pack C. Have, pack D. Have , packed 3. I _ my room already. A.have tidied B. had tidied C. have tidied D. will tidy 4. There _ several meetings during the past few days. A. have been B. has been C. will be D. are 54教学运用 5.

45、I _ my plane ticket, but I cant find it. A.will buy B. would buy C. have bought D. have buyed 6. -What has Denis done? -He _ over a vase. A.has knocked B. had knocked C. knocked D. is knocking 7. Everything is all right; nothing _. A.is happened B. was happened C. will be happened D. has happened 8.

46、 They cant buy a computer because they _ all their money. A.are spending B. have spent C. spend D. will spend55教学运用 1. 去年我去了苏州。 We went to Suzhou last year. 2. 我每天早上7：00起床。 I get up at 7:00 every day. 3. 下个星期我要去看望我的老师。 I am going to visit my teacher next week. 4. 看！那边有个女孩在哭。 Look! The girl is crying

47、 over there. 5. 汤姆去过北京2次了。 Tom has been to Beijing twice. 6. 他住在那儿已经有十年了。 He has lived there for ten year. 56教学运用 练习 l自从我来到这正好两天 It is just two days since I came here Two days has passed since I came here lIt_ (be) ten years since I _(finish) middle school. ishas been finished 57教学运用 动动 词词 填填 空：空： 1

48、._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that Yes, we _(do) that alreadyalready. . When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it We _(do) it an hour agoan hour ago. . 2._ he _(see) this film 2._ he _(see) this film yetyet? Yes.? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? When _ he _(

49、see) it? He _ it He _ it last weeklast week. . 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 3. How many times _you_(be) there? HaveHavecleanedcleaned have donehave done diddiddodo diddid HasHasseenseen diddidseesee sawsaw havehavebeenbeen 58教学运用 4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She