完整版动词不定式用法大全推荐文档

1、动词不定式用法大全英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语 动词没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“td_动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称 和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中 可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。一. 作主语 例如：To be a doctor is hard.做医生很难。To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。To say is to believe 眼见为实。动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免

2、句子的头重脚轻， 可以用 “it ” 作形式主语， 而把真正的主语动词不定式 （短语）放在句子的后部。 例如上面的句子可以表示为：It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well. 再如：It s important to plant trees in spring.如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的， 可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词 for 引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例：It s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有

3、益的。It is important for students to use English every day.对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。二. 作表语：（在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表 语是回答主语 “是什么 ”或“怎么样 ”的语法成分。）动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例：His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。三 . 作宾语动词不定式（短语） 可以放在一些动词后面

4、用作宾语， 能以动词不定 式作宾语的动词有： begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例：I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨 8 点开始工 作。Do n t forget to lock the doc别忘了锁门。Would you like to go and have a p ic nic with us tomorrow?明 天和我们一起去野餐好

5、吗？*如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“ to例：(1) He wants to go and have a swim with us.他想和我们一起去游泳( 2)若作宾语的动词不定式(短语)很长，可用it 作形式宾语。I find it interesting to learn English with you. 我觉得和你一起学英语 很有趣。He fou nd it hard to catch up with others他 觉得赶上别人很困难。四. 作宾语补足语 。例如：The teacher asked us to read English for half an

6、hour in the morning. 老师让我们早晨读半小时英语。The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.老师常告诉 Jim 不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。Please let me help you让我来帮助你。动词不定式作宾语补足语， 表示宾语所做的动作， 可以用动词不定式 作宾语补足语的动词有： tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help 等。 但在 let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, no

7、tice, have等感官听觉动词或使役 动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to，”可以归纳为以下三种句式：1. 不可以省 to 的不定式作宾语补足语：tell /ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth.例： The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow.I want you to go now. 我想让你现在就走。Her pare nts wish her to be a teacher.父母亲希望她当老师。

8、2. 省“ to的不定式作宾语补足语：Let / make / have sb. do sth.Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩出去。The boy made the baby cry.男孩弄哭了这个小孩。see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth.I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday. 昨天我看见学生们在操场打篮球。I often hear the girl sing in the next room. 我经常听到女孩在隔壁唱 歌。

9、3. 可省可不省的：help sb. ( to) do sth.I often help my mother ( to) do housework.我经常帮妈妈做家务。*动词不定式的否定式是直接在 to 之前加 not. 例：（1）Tell them not to play football in the street. 告诉他们不要在街道上 踢足球。（2）省 to 的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not. 例：Let the boy not go. 让那个男孩别走。（3）如果将主动语态变为被动语态时， 作宾语补足语的动词不定式变 为主语补足语，动词不定式则不省“to,”即原来省的再加上

10、，例：The boy made the baby cry.The baby was made to cry by the bo那个孩子被男孩弄哭了。五. 动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后， 为后置定语。例：Who was the first one to arrive? 谁第一个到的？She has no paper to write on?她没有纸写字？The best way to lear n En glish is to use it.学英语最好的方法是使用它。When is the best time to p la nt vegetabl

11、es?什么时候是种植蔬菜的最好 时间？Do you have something to drink? 你这有喝的吗？*动词不定式（短语）作定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的词具有一种 动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后应加上一个含义 上所需要的介词。例：I have no chair to sit on 我没有椅子坐。He has no house to live in他 没有房子住。六. 动词不定式作目的状语：动词不定式作目的状语常用在 go, come, hurry等不及物动词后，表目 的。He went to see his sister yesterda他.昨天去看妹妹了。Th

12、ey got up early to catch the early bus他 们早起去赶早班车。 有时可以把不定式（短语）提前，放于句首，表示强调目的。例：To early English quickly and well, he went to England. 为了更快更好地学英语，他去了英国。不定式做状语，可表示动作的目的、结果、原因、条件和方式。A. 表目的表目的时，不定式可放在句子的前面也可放在句子的末尾。但在句子前 面时，不定式常与句子用逗号隔开； 而在句子末尾时一般不用逗号隔开。如：To get there on time, we set out at five in the

13、morni ng.为了按时到达那儿， 我们早晨五点就出发了。He goes there to enjoy the fresh air.他去那儿享受那儿的新鲜空气。 比较：to do, in order to do, so as to do都可表示目的，但 to do, in order to do的位置既可在句首，又可在句末；而 so as to do只能在句末 -In order to build a house, he bought some wood and steel yesterday. He bought some wood and steel yesterday in order

14、 to build a house. -He bought some wood and steel yesterday so as to build a house为 了建 房，昨天他买来了木料和钢材。B. 表结果不定式在下列结构中表示谓语动作的结果， 不定式的位置一般在句子末 尾。(1)表示终结性的动词find, see, hear, learn, discove的不定式，常表示出 乎意料的结果，并且，不定式前常有n ever, only等副词修饰。如：I hurried to the railway station yesterday, (only) to find that the tr

15、ain had left. 昨天我急急忙忙赶到火车站时，发现火车已经开走了。I went to the classroom, to discover it empty. 我走到教室，结果发现教室 是空的。在 “so + adj. /adv. + as + to do中。女口： ”The sce nery is so beautiful as to attract many people here every year.景色 非常美，每年都要吸引很多人来这里。(3) 在 “adj. / adv. + enough + to do 中 。如：”He ran fast enough to catch

16、 up with Li Lei. 他跑得很快，结果赶上了李蕾。(4) 在 “so + adj. / adv. +a(n) + n. + as + to do 中。如：”This is so in teresti ng a story as to in terest childre n.这是个很有趣的故事， 使孩子们非常感兴趣。 在 “such + adj. / adv. + n. + as + to do 中。女口：”She is such a good girl to help you make great progress. 她是个非常好的 姑娘，帮助你取得了很大的进步。(6) 在 “ t

17、oo + adj. / adv. + to do 中。如：”They went too slowly to catch the early bus. 他们走得太慢了， 结果没能赶 上早班车。C. 表原因不定式表示原因时， 一般放在句子的末尾， 说明主语某种心情、情感 (glad,P leased, sad, worried, sorrow, excited)所产生的原因。如：Im very glad to hear that Li Lei has been elected secretaoryf the Party. 听 说李蕾被选为了党的书记，我很高兴。D. 表条件不定式表示条件时，一般放在

18、句首。如：To be heated, liquid will change into gas. 如果受热，液体就会变成气体。E. 表方式不定式可接在as if /as though之后表示方式时，如：He moved his mouth as if to say something.他的嘴唇动了动，好像要说什 么事似的。七. 不定式和疑问词连用，可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语等。例：The problem is where to get a computer.（表语）No one knows how to do it. 没有人知道如何做这件事。 （宾）I really don t know wh

19、ich one to choose.我真的不知道选哪一个。 When and where to have the party is not known.（主语） 何时何地举行联欢还不知道。* 不定式和疑问词连用作宾语时有时可以改为宾语从句。例：I don t know what to do ne我不知下一步该做什么？I don t know what I should do next.模拟试题】（答题时间： 30 分钟）一. 选择填空：1. He asked me h e re earlier.D. cameA. come B. to comeC. coming2. Please tell h

20、im on the wall.A. don t draw B. to not draw C. not to draw D. not draw3. He wanted a cup of tea.D. hadA. to haveB. having C. have4. I d like a word wiothu.yD. haveA. hadB. having C. to haveD. to be seen back his words.B. taking C. took D. takes one ticket.B. have C. having D. had in his room.5. I ca

21、me here my uncle.A. saw B. to see C. seeing6. The man refused （拒绝）A. to take7. I can let youA. to haveB. sings C. sang D. sing day and night.C. to work8. We often heard himA. to sing9. He was madeA. work B. workingC. to workD. worked10. He stopped a look, but saw nothing.A. having B. to haveC. have

22、D. had11. My father was too angry a word.10A. to say B. not to say C. to saying D. didn t say 12. My brother was old enough to school.A. went B. goes C. going D. to go13. It is time him supper.A. of, to have B. for, to have C. of, having D. for, to has14. It s very kind you me.A. of, to help B. for,

23、 to help C. of, help D. of, helping15. It s important our classroom clean every day.A. kept B. to keep C. to give D. keep16. Before liberation （解放） they had no chance to school.A. went B. go C. to go D. to be gone17. He said he had an important meeting A. attend B. would attend C. attending18. Pleas

24、e give me a piece of paper .A. to write B. to write on19. I don t know .A. what do B. what will do20. Your radio needs .A. to be repaired B. to repair21. My wish is a teacher.D. to attendC. writingD. to write itC. what to doC. repairedA. becoming B. to becomeC. become22. I want him a letter now.A. t

25、o write B. not writeC. write23. It took us three days the trees.A. plant B. planted C. to plant24. Why not here me?D. do whatD. to repairingD. becameD. wroteD. plantsA. to come, to see B. come, to see C. came, seeing D. come, see 25. He wishes me my best hard at English.A. to do, to work B. doing, w

26、orking C. to do, working D. do, work26. Please tell me her. I have something her.A. where to find, telling B. where to find, to tellC. where can find, to tell D. where finding, telling27. How happy they are each other again!A. to see B. see C. saw D. being seen28. They decided （决心） a letter their th

27、anks.A. to write, expressing （表达）B. writing, expressC. write, expressedD. to write, to express29. The officer ordered （命令） him downa rest.A. lying, have B. to lie, to have C. to lie, having D. lie, had30. The headmaster called on （号召）ushard for our country.A. to workB. workedC. work D. to working二.

28、根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词。1. He was so angry that he couldnt s.ay anythingHe was too angry anything.2. I don t know when we will have the meeting.I don t know when the meeting.3. He said he would write a letter.He said he would have a letter .4. That you read English in the morning is very importan

29、t.It is very important you English in the morning.5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone.（石头）He was strong the stone.6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday.His father went to Beijing his holiday.7. They got up early so that they could get there in time.They got up early there in time.8. His brother decided that he would buy the book.His brother decided the book.9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall.He hopes the Great Wall.10.1 saw him go into the room.He was seen into the room.11. We made him work five hours a day.He was made five hours a day.12. Do you want to