过去完成时讲解及练习题精讲

1、过去完成时1. 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到 现在的动作或状态。2. 时间状语：recen tly, lately, si nee3. 基本结构：4. 否定形式：for ，in the past few years, etc.have/has + donehave/has + not +do ne.5. 般疑问句：have或has提前过去的过概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即 去（Past-in-the-past ）。T那时以前那时现在构成：过去完成时由”助动词had +过去分词”构成，其中had通用于各种人

2、称。They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10: 00 this morning.二、过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：)by +过去的时间点。I had fini shed readi ng the no vel by nine oclock last ni ght.)by the end of +过去的时间点。We had lear n

3、ed over two thousa nd En glish words by the end of last term.)before +过去的时间点。They had plan ted six hun dred trees before last Wed nesday.（1如：（2如：（3 如：即动作2. 由过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（1 ）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said

4、, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：She said that she had see n the film before.（2 ）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前 的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：When I got to the statio n, the train had already left. After he had fini shed his homework, he went to bed.注意：before, after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after

5、本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Where did you study before you came here?After he closed the door, he left the classroom.（3 ）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表示”原本，未能We had hoped that you would come, but you did nt.3. 根据上、下文来判定。I met Wang Tao in the stree

6、t yesterday. We had nt see n each other since he went to Beijing.三、过去完成时的主要用法1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发 生在过去的过去”。如：When I woke up, it had stopped raining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在过去的过去）2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：He told me that he had written a new book. （had writte

7、n 发生在 told 之前 ）3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until等引导的短语或从句连用。女0: Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. P eter had collected more tha n 300 Chin ese sta mps by the

8、time he was ten.4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时 间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。(had女0: By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.worked已有了 20年，还有继续进行下去的可能）四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别与现在有现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响， 关，其结构为助动词have （has） +过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示 的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调

9、”过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到 它。试比较：I have lear ned 1000 En glish words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。I had learned 1000 En glish words till the n.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。-Im sorry to kee p you wait ing. 对不起，让你久等了。-Oh, not at all. I have bee n here only a few minu tes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（等的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）-Joh n

10、returned home yesterday.约翰昨天回至 U家的。-Where had he bee n?returned home之前去了哪些地方,他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在即过去的过去）五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去 某一特定的时间。试比较：They had arrived at the stati on by ten yesterday.They arrived at the statio n at ten yes

11、terday.2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文 来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：won theShe was very happy. Her whole family were pl eased with her, too. She had justfirst in the compo siti on comp etiti on.3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as引导的从句中，由于这 些连

12、词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如：He en tered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paperI (had) called her before I left the office.通常连用的动词是want, think, h ope, p Ian,过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算，mean, exp ect, intend, suppose 等:I had meant to come, but something happened.我本想来，但有事就没有来。I had inte

13、n ded to sp eak, but time did not p ermit.我本想发言，但时间不允许。We had hoped that you would come to see us, but you did n我们本想你来看我们的，但你没有来。1.单项选择1. He asked meA. where I had bee nC. where had I bee n2. What Jane过去完成时练习题duri ng the summer holidays.B. where I had goneD. where had I gone by the time he was sever

14、?A. did, doB. has, done C did, did.3. I900 English words by the time I was ten 。A. learnedB. was lear ningC. had lear ned4. Shelived here foryears.A. had, a fewB. has, severalC. had, a lot ofD.had, doneD. learntD. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, Ithe dinner alre

15、ady.A had cookedB. cookedC. have cookedD. was cooked6. She said shethe principle alreadyA .has see nB. sawC. will seeD. had see n7. She said her familythemselvesthe army duri ng the war.A. has hidde n, fromB. had hidde n, fromC. has hidde n, withD. had hidde n, with8. By the time he was ten years ol

16、d, heA. has compi eted uni versityB. had comp leted an uni versity9. She had writte n a nu mber of booksA. forB. inB. has compi eted the uni versity D. had comp leted uni versity the end of last year.C. byD. at10. Heto playbefore he was 11 years old.A had lear ned, pianoB. had lear ned, the pianoC.

17、has lear ned, the pianoD. lear ns ,piano.11. WhatAnnieby the time he was ten?A. did, doB. did, didC. has, doneD. had done12 .Hein the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has workedB. worksC. had workedD. will work13. By the end of last week, they _ A. has compi eted B. compi eted14.

18、 Ben hates p lay ingvioli n,A. a theB. the the15. By the time he was 4, heA. had lear nedB. has lear nedthe bridge.C. will compi etebut he likes p lay ingC. /the_ a lot of Germa n words.C. lear nedD. had comp leted football.D. the /D. lear ns16 .Jim turned off the lights and the nthe classroom.A. wa

19、s leftB. had leftC. has left17. Theyin Gua ngzhou since 2000.A. livedB. had livedC. have lived18. The train from Beijingten mi nu tes ago.A. has arrivedB. was arrivi ngC. arrivedD. leftD. were livi ngD. had arrived19. The stude ntstheir classroom whe n the visitors arrived.C. was clea nedA . have cl

20、ea nedB. had clea nedD. have bee n clea ned20. Fergiethe p roject in one hour.A. have fini shedB. will finishC. fini shesD. has fini shed21. The manhis coat and went out.A. put onB.had put onC. will put on22 My motherin that factoryat theage of 18.A. had workedB. has workedC. worked23. Dadwhile he _

21、 TV .A .fell aslee pwatchC. fell asl eepwas watchi ng2.用动词的适当形式填空1. We(paint) the house before we(move) in.2. That rich old man(make) a will before he(die).3. They(study) the map of the country before they(leave).4. The robbers(run away ) before the p oliceme n (arrive).5. I(tur n off) all the lights before I(go) to bed.6. P aul(go) out with Jane after he(make) a phone call.7. Tom(say) he(read) the book twice.8. Our p