初中主谓一致_讲解+练习

1、主谓一致的用法及专项练习题 、主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则： 语法一致原则 ， 意义 一致原则 ，就近一致原则 。 1. 语法一致原则 ：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。 Tomis a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。 2. 意义一致 ：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数, 但 表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。 My fami

2、ly are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书 20 美元太贵了。 3. 就近一致 ：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如： Not only the teacher but also his studentslike playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 二、 主谓一致常考题型 1.

3、 单数名词 （代词 ） ，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词（代词 ） 作主语，谓语用复数形 式。 The desk is Tom s.这张桌子是汤姆的。 Some water is in the bottle.一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 2. many a+ 单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。 Many a student has been to Shanghai.许多学生到过上海。 3. more than one+ 单数名词作主语，谓语

4、用单数。 More than one studenthas ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个 整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Twenty pounds isn tso heavy. 2 0 英镑并不太重。 Ten miles isn t a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus fouris one. 5 减 4 等于 1。 5. 主语是 each/every+ 单数名词 +and（each/every）+ 单数名词时

5、，谓语动词用单数。 Each boy and each girlhas got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+ 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half hoursis enough. 一个半小时足够了。 7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 To see is to believe 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercisesis good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛

6、十分有益。 8. a/an+ 单数名词 +or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 A student or twohas failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格。 9. 当主语部分含有 with ， together with， along with ，as well as ，besides ，except ，but ，like 等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词 +as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个 名词一致。 Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike,like hi

7、s brother,enjoys playing football迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 The students as well as the teacherwere present at the meeting. 10. 由 and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时， 一般用复数形式， 但 and 所连接的并列主语是同一个人， 事物， 或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物； a/the+ 单数名词 +and+a/the+ 单数名词，指两个人或物。 The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作

8、家兼教师来了。 （ 作家和教师指同一个人 ） The writer and the teacherare coming. 作家和老师来了。 （ 作家和老师是两个人 ） 11. people,police 等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式， family,class,group,team 等集体名词作 主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。 People here are very friendly.这儿的人很友好。 His family isn tlarge. 他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 我们一家

9、人都喜欢看电视。 12. 不定代词 somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 作主语，谓语动词用单数， Is everyone here today.今天大家到齐了吗？ Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Each of them ha

10、s an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。 14. 以 s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如 news, maths, physics 等， No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 15. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or, either-or， neithernor,not only but also,notbu

11、t,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则 决定谓语动词形式。 Either my wife or I am going. Neither you, nor I, nor anyone elseknows the answer. Not only you but also he is ready to leave. 如果 either, each, neither 作主语，则动词为单数形式。 Each of us has his likes and dislikes. Neither of the books is very interesting. 16. 如果主语是由“ a series

12、 of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。 A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use. 但 a variety of, a number of +名词复数 ， 动词要用复数形式 ; . 而 the number of + 复数名词作主语， 谓语动词用单数。 On exhibition thereare a great variety of consumer goods. The number of the students is o

13、ver eight houndred 17 以 here ， there 开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致 There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you. 18. the+ 形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式. The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 亠 r 1 IztA* 肯定与否定一致 下

14、列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。 Weve hadsome( mon ey).We have nt hadany(mon ey). I was talking to some oneI was nt talki ng to anyone. They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom) visit us. He has arrived already . He has nt arrivedyet. Li is coming too . Li isnt comingeither . Both of us are g

15、oing. Neither of us are going. He likes both of them .He does nt likeeither of them . 注意： so/neither+ 助动词 +名词/ 代词结构中须用倒装语序。 My wife like classic music very much andso do I. She doesnt like jazz andneither do I . 主谓一致专项练习题 1. Either Jane or Steven watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two d

16、ays enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isn tB. is C. aretD. are 3. How many lessons do you usually haver a day? Six lessons a day. And each of then 45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither Liping nor I a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are 5. There m a n y

17、 new words in lesson one,It is very easy. A. is B. arentC. isntD. are 6. The number of the students in our school 1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have 7. Maths my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleepingB. is sleeping

18、 C. was sleepingD. are asle 9. Every one except Tom and John there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting at all, of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody but Jane the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 12. What s o

19、n the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? Theresome eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glassesmine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be 14. Both Lily and Lucyto the party yesterday. A. in vitedB. was in vited C. had in vitedD. were in virted 15. Two mon thsquite a long time.

20、Yes, I m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. I n the city the old. A. take good care ofB. are take n good care of C. is take n good care ofD. are bee n take n good care of 17. His familyall very ki nd and frien dly, His familya happy one. A. are,is B. is,is

21、C. are,are D. is,are 18. The sin ger and the dancercome to Beiji ng. A. hasB. have C. are D. is 19. The childre n in this class eachnew school bag. A. have B. has C. has got D. are havi ng 20. All but onehere just now. A. is B. was C. has bee n D. were 21. If Bobs wife wont agree to go on holiday in

22、 wi nter,. A.n either he will B. n either wont he C. n either will he D. he wont n either 22.1 have nt fini shed my homeworked yet. A. so has he B. Neither he has C. He has too D. He has nt either 23. “ rm going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.”“. ” A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go 24

23、. You as well as he to blame（责备）for the accident （交通事故） A. are B. is C. have D. has 25. Neither my wife nor I myself able to teach my daughter to sing En glish son gs. A. has bee n B. is C. are D. am 1. The old well looked after by the government in China. A. isB. areC. has beenD. was 2. The secreta

24、ry and manager very busy now. A. isB. are C. was D. were 3. Both the secretary and the manager agreed to attend the meeting. A. has B. have C. areD. was 4. Tom as well as two of his classmates invited to the party. A. wasB. wereC. have been D. had been 5. Either you or I going to the teachersoffice

25、after class. A. amB. is C. are D. will 6. Most of his spare time spent in reading. A. are B. were C. was D. have been 7. This is one of the best novels that appeared this year. A.have beenB. hasC. had beenD. have A.are B. is C. were D. have About 20 percent of the work done yesterday. A. are B. is C

26、. wereD. was 10. Mr Smith ， together with his children， _ arrived. A.are B. has C. isD. have 11. It I who _ _leaving for London. A.is - is B. am isC. is amD. am am 12. Not only Tom but also his wife fond of watching television. A. are B. were C. beD. is 13. When and where to build the new factory ye

27、t. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 14. Although the first part of the book is easy， the rest A. are difficult 9. 8. Ten thousand dollars quite a large sum. B. has proved difficult C. is supposed difficult D. have been found difficult 15. That they were wro

28、ng in these matters now clear to us all. A. is B. was C. areD. were 16. Half of his goods stolen the other day. A. areB. wereC. is D. was 17. Mathematics the language of science. A. areB. are going to beC. isD. is to be 18. Each of the students a Chinese-English dictionary. A. have B. hasC. there is

29、D. there are 19. They each a beautiful handkerchief. A. have B. has C. there isD. there are 20. Between the two rows of trees the teaching building. A. standB. standsC. standingD. are 21. This pair of shoes made in Nanjing. A.is B. are C. have been D. had been 22. No one except my parents anything a

30、bout it. A. know B. knows C. is knowingD. have known 23. A number of students from the south. A. areB. isC. haveD. has 24. The number of students from the north small. A.are B. is C. haveD. has 25. Writing stories and articles what I enjoy most A.isB. areC. wasD. were 26. His “Selected Poems ”first

31、published in 1965. A.were B. wasC. has beenD. are 27. Miss Smith is a friend of . A. Mary s mother sB. Mary s mother C. Mother s of MaryD. Mary mothers 28. A good deal of money spent on books. A. have B. has C. have been D. has been 29. On the wall A. hangs two large portraits. B. hang C. hanged D.

32、hanging turn green in spring. A. Leaf B. Leafs 30. C. Leave D. Leaves 31. Father went to his doctor for about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices 32. All but one here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 33. The number of people invited fifty ， but a number of t

33、hem absent for different reasons. A. were ； was B. was ； was C. was ； were D. were ； were 34. The air in big cities very dirty by factories. A. are often made B. is often made C. have often madeD. has often made 35. Nobody to smoke in the cinema. A. allows B. allow C. is allowed D. are allowed 36. T

34、he Chinese people hard-working and brave. A.are B. isC. has beenD. are being 37. can be done been done. A. All ； have B. All that ； have C. All ； has D. All that ； has 38. John has two brothers， but either out of work now. A. are B. is C. has D. have 39. The police the murderer everywhere when he su

35、ddenly appeared in a theatre. A. is searching for B. were searching for C. are searching forD. were searching 40. Apples of this kind . A.tastes goodB. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well 41. Your trousers dirty ， you must have washed. A.is ； it B. are ； it C. are ； them D. is ； them 42. Where r

36、ubbish ， there are flies. A. there areB. there isC. is D. there has 43. The Olympic Games held every years. A.is ； fourB. are ； four C. is ； five D. are ； five 44. Many a man come to help us. A. haveB. hasC. isD. are 45. He is the only one of the students who elected. A. areB. haveC. hasD. is 46. Th

37、ree-fourths of the homework today. A. has finishedB. has been finished C. have finishedD. have been finished 47. Those who in compositions， please hand them in this afternoon. A.hasn t handed ； hisB. haven t handed ； their C.has handed ； their D. have handed ； his 48. Jane is one of the best student

38、s in her class who by their teacher . A. are praisedB. is praisedC. praised D. praising 49. The whole class the teacher attentively. A. are listening toB. is listening to C. are listeningD. is listening 50. The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world. A. is B. are C

39、. was D. were 主谓一致专项练习 一 单项选择： 1. Eating vegetables good for our health. A. isB. areC. were D. was 2. More than one person made the suggestion. A. was B. has C. were D. have 3. I think of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam easy. A. two thirds; isB. second three; areC. two third

40、s; areD. two third; are 4. Neither you nor Lin Hua to the Great Wall before. A. had been B. has gone C. has beenD. have been 5. The writer and teacher coming now. A. isB. areC. hasD. have 6. Something gone wrong with my TV set. A. has B. have C. is D. are 7. Nothing but grass and trees the hill. A.

41、covers B. cover C. coveringD. are covering 8. Physics more interesting than Maths, I think. A. are B. is C. wasD. were 9. Each student and each teacher to see the film. A. go B. wishC. areD. wants 10. Either Tom or I to blame. A. to beB. amC. areD. is 11. There a desk, two beds and four chairs in th

42、e room. A. isB. areC. hasD. have 12. Lucy, together with her two brothers, often to the park on Sundays. A. go B. goes C. are going D. is going 13. There a pair of shoes on the floor. The shoes mine. A. are; isB. is; isC. is; areD. are; are 14. None of that money on the table mine. A. is B. are C. b

43、een D. have 15. Could you get me a piano, Mum? There enough room for one in our home. A. is B. areC. isntD. arent 16. The family I am staying with very friendly. A. is B. are C. was D. were 17. Our team the World Cup! A. has won B. have won C. are won D. is won 18. Our country great changes in the l

44、ast 30 years. A. experienceB. experiences C. has experiencedD. experiencing 19. The police having a meeting in their office at ten yesterday. A. is B. are C. was D. were 20. The number of people invited 50, but a number of them absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; wasC. was; were D. we

45、re; were 21. A library with 5000 books to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 22. I told him what I was surprised his attitude towards his study. A. is B. was C. at is D. at was 23. On the walltwo large portraits 肖像）. A. hangs B. hang C. hangedD. are hun

46、g 24. All that can be done . A. has been done B. has done C. have doneD. were done 25. The singer and the dancer come to the meeting. A. has B. have C. are D. is 26. I have finished a large part of the book; the rest more difficult. A. is B. areC. wasD. were 27. The wou nded 伤员）by the hospital. A. h

47、as taken in B. has been taken in C. have taken in D. have been taken in 28. The following some other examples. A. are B. isC. wasD. were 29. The whole classthe teacher atte ntivel认真地）. A. are listening B. is listening to C. are listening to D. is listening 30. “All p re s e n t and all going on well

48、,”our manager said. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; isD. is; are 31. The rich not always happy. A. are B. is C. has D. have 32. He is the very thief that the police . A. is after B. is looking C. are after D. are looking 33. The third and last chapter章 节）by Professor Chen. A. are written B. are writing C. is written D. is writing 34. One thi