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1、信用证中十三种“条件”结构表达方式 较少使用if 这一不庄重的词汇,而教多地运用较庄重的词汇、介词短语或成语介词来表达; 在同一份信用证中,无论出现多少次“条件”的表述,所用表述“条件”的词语很少重复; 较常见的的表述条件的结构有: in case of(如果、万一) ; only if(只要就;只是在的时候;只有。 对比if only:只要;要是多好,和if any: 即使有也(极少),若有的话); only after(只是在、只有在之后); provided(如果、要是); unless(除非); if(如果); in view of(由于、鉴于、因为); on condition th
2、at(如果、条件是、在条件下); providing that(如果、在情况下)等等,其它语言环境中与其相关的词汇结构常有:case结构、suppose、supposing、provided、providing结构、condition、precedent或premises结构等等 信用证中表述“条件”关系结构的十三种基本句型 【句型01】 Y be Z 或Y do Z provided that X 关键词:provided that 相关词:providing that表示“在的前提/条件下” 翻译为“只要”“如果”等 说明: 1 provided(或providing)是连词,suppos
3、ing(或suppose)也可作连词,英文意思都是if, 但是实际上两者含义不同。provided(或providing)用来表示条件,supposing(或suppose)用来表示假设。 provided(或providing)后面可加that,也可以不加,意思还是一样; 2 provided (that), providing (that),suppose, on condition that, in case这几个连词用虚拟语气的较为普遍,但也要看具体情况: 有时候表示事实相符的真实语气, 多数情况下表示与事实相反的虚拟语气;3 provided作为表示“条件”的引导词置于句尾比较普遍,
4、也可以至于句首。有时也可用providing,用法意义一样。 应用: e.g. Third party shipper/documents are permitted provided that such third party is not any person with whom U.S. persons are prohibited from doing business under U.S. foreign assets control regulations or other applicable U.S. laws and regulations. 只要第三方不是美国外国资产管制法
5、或适用其它美国法律条件下所禁止的美国人与之交易的人员,本第三方托运人或单据可以接受。(注:shipper:托运人;applicable:适用的;U.S. foreign assets control regulations美国外国资产管制法;regulation:管理;控制;规章;规则) e.g. Provided all terms and conditions of the credit are strictly complied with, we hereby engage with drawers, endorsers and bona fide holders of credit t
6、hat the same will be honored on presentation of credit conform at our counter as per their instructions. 只要与本信用证条款严格相符,我行再次向本信用证的出票人、背书人和善意持有者承诺,向我行提示相符的单证我行将根据其指示兑付。(注:bona fide:善意的、守信用的、真实的;有诚意的;engage:保证, 担保, 允诺;conform符合、一致的、使一致;counter:柜台) e.g. TEN percent of documents value will be payable aft
7、er 180 days after the arrival of goods to the destination port according to applicants instruction in this respect by issuing banks tested TLX and providing that the commodity mentioned above proven to have no manufacturing quality problem.只要上述商品被认为没有生产质量问题,在货物到达目的港的180天之后,开证行将根据申请人指示,通过可证实的电报支付单证金额
8、的10%。(注:payable:应付的、可付的、可获利的;applicants instruction:申请人指示;tested证实的;TLX: Telex的缩写.通过电报的;proven:经过验证或证实的;证明) 【句型02】Y be Z 或Y do Z on condition that X 关键词:on condition that表示“在的前提/条件下” 翻译为“只要” 说明:on condition that其中the可省略,表示“在的前提/条件下” 翻译为“只要就” 、“若则”、“以为条件”、“ 在的条件下”等 应用: e.g. Transshipment is allowed o
9、n condition that the entire voyage be covered by through B/L.只要提供直达提单,允许转船。(注:be covered:提供的、被覆盖的、投保;through B/L:直达提单、联运提单) 【句型03】Y be Z 或Y do Z should X 关键词:should 说明:有时会把条件句中表示条件的“条件词”省略掉,而把句子倒装。如:should倒装并后置尤其多见于法律文体中,也可置于句首 应用: e.g. We may release the documents and effect settlement should such
10、a waiver be obtained.(= Should such a waiver be obtained, we may release the documents and effect settlement.)如果我方得到同意放弃不符点,我行可以放单并进行结算。(注: effect:生效;settlement:结算、金钱、契约或财产的转让) e.g. Should the negotiating bank not be advised of stopping renewal within 15 days after each negotiation, the unused balan
11、ce of this credit shall be increased to the original amount.如果议付行在每次议付后15日内没有接到通知停止循环,那么,本信用证的未用余额将增加到原有额度。(注:renewal: ;balance:) e.g. Should any contradiction between the rules of the URR525 and UCP600 have happened, the rules of UCP600 and in particular of provisions of article 13 ,section b to c
12、shall prevail and apply and are binding on all parties thereto.如果URR525和UCP600规则之间发生矛盾,UCP600规则,尤其是13条(b)到(c)款,将适用并对所有方产生约束力. (注:in particular:尤其、特别;provision:规定、条款、准备、供应品; section:部分、章节 ; prevail: 有效、胜过; bind on:对产生约束力 ; thereto: 随附,此外) 【句型04】 If X, Y be Z或If X, Y do Z 关键词:if 相关习惯结构:if practical(如果
13、可行)/if possible(如果可能)/ if required(如果需要、必要时)/ if available(如果能够) 等等 说明:这种非正式文体形式很少使用。 应用: e.g. If we give notice of refusal of documents presented under this credit, we shall however retain the right to accept a waiver of discrepancies from the applicant.如果我方就本信用证项下所提交的单证发出拒付通知,但我方仍有权接受申请人对不符点的弃权声明书
14、。(注:give notice: 通知;retain :保留、拥有权利;waiver:弃权声明书; discrepancy: 不符点 ) 【句型05】 In the event that(或of) X, Y be Z或In the event that(或of) X, Y do Z 关键词:In the event that(或of) 说明:In the event that(或of) 在情况下、如果(万一、倘若).发生。其中that可以省略。 应用: e.g. In the event that documents are presented to us containing a party
15、 with whom we are prohibited from doing business as stated above, then we shall not be in a position to honor such presentation.如果提交我行之单据含有我行上述所说禁止与之交易的对象,我行对本提示不予办理兑付。(注:state: ;be in a position to: ) e.g. In the event we receive the original of a notice of rejection relating to the goods covered b
16、y this L/C, we shall never have been under any obligation to pay. In that event the remitting documents(namely the documents as presented less one set released to the applicant as provided above) will be returned unpaid together with a photocopy of the notice of rejection and we shall have met all o
17、f our obligations under this L/C without any further responsibility to whichever party.如果我行收到本信用证项下货物有关的拒付通知原件,我行将不承担付款义务。如果汇出的单证未付而被退回并随附一份拒付通知的副本,我行将完成了本信用证项下义务,而不再对任何一方承担责任。(注:original:原件、正本 ;relating to:与有关的 ; covered: 信用证中表示“在项下”,即在中包含、覆盖、载明的;under obligation to:负有的义务;remit:汇款、提交,移交事项;namely:即、
18、也就是、换句话说、亦即;就是说;less:不足、较小的;较次的、较劣的;较不重要的;photocopy:复印件、副本;) e.g. In the event of discrepancy(ies) and such waiver is received and provided, payment/acceptance/deferred payment will be effected and documents will be immediately released.如果有不符点,同时我方得到同意放弃不符点,那么,付款/承兑/迟付将得以实施,并马上予以放单。(注:waiver:弃权;放弃;弃
19、权声明书;defer:推迟、使延期、拖延;) 【句型06】In case that(或of) X, Y be Z或In case that(或of) X, Y do Z 关键词:in case that(或of) 相关词:incase/incaseof/ inthecaseof / inthat(this)case / inanycase / innocase/ suchbeingthecase /case 说明: incase:万一、假使、免得、以防;也许 in case that(或of):万一、如果、防备 对比:inthecaseof(就.来说, 关于) inthat(this)case
20、:如果是那样(这样)的话 inanycase:在任何情况下,不管怎样。相当于anyhow innocase:在任何情形下都不、决不、无论如何都不 suchbeingthecase:承前文内容、在这种情况下、既然如此 case:情况、事实 应用: e.g. In case of transfer, document No. (K) is more required provided that the bank of China, Shandong certifies it has transferred the credit.在转让的情况下,单据(K)不需要转让,只要中国银行山东分行证明已实施转
21、让。(注:required:要求的、必选; 的、必需的、必要项、要求的) e.g. At maturity date, kindly request reimbursement for principal amount. Inform us shipment date, amount and negotiation date. In case that due date is holiday, please consider as correct maturity, the next business day.在到期日,请索偿本金。告知我行装运日期、数量以及议付日期。如果到期日为节假日,请视下
22、一个营业日为正确到期日。(注:maturity date:到期日;due date:到期日、期头、支付日;reimbursement:索偿、退还、偿还、补偿、赔偿、偿付;imbursement :贮存,偿还;principal amount:(融资的、凭以计算利息的)本金金额) 【句型07】Y be Z unless X或Y do Z unless X 关键词:unless除非, 如果不 说明: 1 Unless:除非, 如果不。是从属连词,引导条件状语从句,含有否定意义,相当于if条件状语从句的否定形式。所以unless = if not。注意:unless引导的条件状语从句和if条件状语从
23、句,与其它时间状语从句一样,用一般现在时代替将来时。2 应注意问题:unless不能与ifnot换用的情况: unless在意义上相当于if.not,因此在有些场合中unless与if.not可互换使用。如: Unless I am mistakenIve seen that man before=lf I am not mistaken。Ive seen that man before如果我没搞错,我以前见过那个人。但在有些情况下,二者不可互换使用。如:1) 当unless引导非真实条件句时,一般不可改用if.not。如:They couldnt afford to live in such
24、 an expensive apartment unless they were rich除非他们很富有,否则就住不起这么昂贵的公寓。 They couldnt have arrived at the site instantly unless the police had had a helicopter除非警方有直升机,不然他们就不会即刻赶到事发地点。 以上两例中,unless从句均表示与事实相反的情况。如果把unless换成if.not(if they were not rick,if the police had not had a helicopter)就与原句意义完全相反了。 2)
25、if.not引导的条件分句可以重叠使用,unless则不可,因为unless表示唯一条件,不能用and连接两个unless引导的从句。如: She wont lose weight if she does not keep a diet and if she does not take exercise every day=She wont lose weight unless she keeps a diet and takes exercise every day除非她坚持节食、每天锻炼,否则是不能减肥的。 3)unless引导的条件句可用否定结构,而if.not引导的条件句不可再加以否定
26、,因为两个not不能重叠使用,因此在unless引导的否定条件旬中,不能用if.not替代unless。如: Dont ask me to explain unless you really dont understand除非你真不懂,不然别让我解释。 The directors have a meeting every Fridayunless there is nothing to discuss董事会每周五开会,无事讨论除外。 You will get a good grade in the course unless you dont do your homework如果你(不是不)做
27、作业的话,你就会有好的学业成绩。 4)当if引导名词性从句时,unless不可以代替if.not,因为if=whether(“是否”)。如: It is unimportant if he will not attend the graduation ceremony他是否参加毕业典礼无关紧要。 I doubts if he has not made a contribution to the environment我怀疑他是不是没有为环保做过贡献。 5)当unless作介词(“除以外”,“除非”)时,if.not不能与其互换使用。如: Nothing will come out of itu
28、nless(=except)disaster这件事除了引起灾祸之外,不会有什么结果。 Nothingunless a miracle,can save him除非出现奇迹,否则他无法得救。unless从句中成分的省略:unless从句的主语与主句的主语相同时,unless从句中的主语和谓语(或一部分)有时可省略。如: Unless(he is)in uniform。he doesnt look like a policeman如果不穿上制服,他看起来就不像警察。unless从句的时态:主句是一般将来时态、祈使句或谓语中含有情态动词或主句是一般现在时,unless引导的真实条件句用一般现在时;如
29、果强调从句动作发生在主句动作之前,从旬可用现在完成时。 Dont touch the instruments unless the teacher allows you没有老师的允许,不要乱动仪器。但主句是过去将来时或过去时,unless引导的真实条件句常用一般过去时。如:The disease prevented him from remembering things unless he was reminded by another这种病使他记不住事,只能靠别人提醒。 “祈使旬(肯定式)+or(else)otherwise+陈述句”与“unless条件句+主句”间有时可以相互转换。如:Pu
30、t on your raincoat or youll get soaked=Unless you put On your raincoat,youll get soakedIf you dont put on your raincoat,youll get soaked把雨衣穿上,否则你就会全身湿透的。在unles引导的肯定形式的条件句中。通常用肯定词(some, already, still, too, as well在if.not引导的条件句中通常用非肯定词(anyyetevereither t all等)如:Youll never really know what happiness
31、is unless you have something to compare it to只有通过对比,才能了解幸福的含义。 I will inform her if you havent spoken to her yet如果你还没跟她说,我通知她。不过在ifnot引导的非真实条件句中,仍能用肯定词,因为这种条件句形式上是否定,意义上却是肯定。如:If he hadnt already prepared his lesson,he wouldnt be allowed to go要是他没有做完功课,是不会允许出去的。(实际已做完功课)unless可用来引导出补充前言的句子:对刚说过的话又突然
32、想到要补充的内容。如:He hasnt got any hobbies unless you call writing a hobby他没有任何嗜好除非把写作也算作嗜好。 应用: e.g. All bank charges other than issuing banks charges are for beneficiarys account, unless otherwise stipulated in this credit.除非信用证另有规定,开证行之外的一切杂费均由受益人承担。(注:other than :除非;for ones account:记在的账上;由某人负担;otherwi
33、se:否则、不然;stipulate:在协议或建议中规定、约定、讲明) e.g. We are holding documents at the presenters disposal, unless we have been instructed otherwise by the presenter prior to our release of documents.除非我行在放单前得到交单人的通知,否则,我行将保留单据以待交单人处置。(注:disposal:处置、处理;prior to:先于;release:放行、放单、释放) 【句型08】Y subject to Z 关键词:be sub
34、ject to/be subjected to 说明: 1 be subject to中的 subject是形容词。其基本含义是“受限于”,“服从于”,“易受”,易受影响;易患疾病 第一指受某些条件所约束,常见于法律条文。市民可使用康文署管理的康体设施,条件是须预先缴付租用费,英文翻译就是:Use of recreation and sports facilities managed by the Leisure and Cultural Service Department is subject to prior payment of the prescribed hire charges.
35、有网站容许读者复印及转发文章,但必须遵守一些规则:You can copy and distribute the article subject to the following conditions. Subject to一般用于公文,所以我们不会对小孩说:You may eat ice cream, subject to completion of your homework,而只会说: You may eat ice cream if you finish your homework。 subject to亦指容易受到某种状影响。例如:The price is subject to ch
36、ange. (价格可能有变。)2 be subjected to,其实是动词 subject to的被动式。动词 subject to意谓“使屈服于”或“使遭受”,“接受”,” 经受”, “遭受”, “使经受”, “使遭受”等通常用以描述令人不快的经历。多用于指 屈从于的支配;遭受(不幸等)例如:This man has subjected his children to years of abuse.(这男子长年虐待他的孩子。)换成被动式,便是:The children have been subjected to years of abuse by their father.(这些孩子长年
37、受到父亲虐待。)又如: This country has been subjected to foreign rule for a century.(这个国家遭外国统治已经百年了。)3 Subject to和subjected to的最大差异,是subjected to有不情愿的意味。例如:机场要求乘客登机前接受安全检查,会说:Airline passengers are subject to security checks prior to boarding,但不满被搜身的乘客可能会说:I was subjected to a humiliating search before boardi
38、ng the plane,分别正在于前者说明登机的规则,态度中立,后者则强调乘客并非情愿,带有贬义。 应用: e.g. We shall however the right to accept a waiver of discrepancies from the applicant and, subjected to such waiver being acceptable to us, to release documents against that waiver without reference to the presenter.我方有权接受申请人对不符点的弃权声明书,在弃权声明书被我
39、方接受情况下,我方将凭此弃权声明书放单而无需接洽交单人。(注:reference:参考、参考书、提及、涉及、证明人、介绍人;presenter:交单人) 【句型09】 Upon receipt of,Y shall be Z 或Upon receipt of, Y shall do Z 关键词:upon receipt of 说明:upon receipt of“在情况下”。很少用on 来代替upon。 应用: e.g. Upon receipt of said certificate or statement, all obligations of HSBC bank USA, N.A. u
40、nder this letter of credit shall cease.在收到上述所说证书或证明情况下,本信用证项下汇丰银行美国分行的一切责任将停止。(注:certificate:证明书;statement:声明;obligation:义务、责任、证券、契约、债务、恩惠;cease:停止) e.g. Upon receipt at our counter of complied documents, we will credit negotiation bank according to their instructions.在收到相符单证条件下,我行将根据其指示计入议付行。(注:cou
41、nter:柜台;对立面;complied :相符的) 【句型10】Y against Z 关键词:against 说明:against:凭;以 应用: e.g. Payment at sight against presentation of all docs required by the L/C.凭信用证所需单证即期付款。(注:at sight:即期,见票即付;presentation :提示、出示 ) 【句型11】 except 关键词:except 相关词:except that/ except for/ exceptwhen/ withtheexceptionof/ with exc
42、eption of 说明: except:表示“除去,不包括”, 是一种 “例外”条件。除之外,即:不包括在内。强调所排除的“不包括在内”,一般表示同类之间的关系,常同nothing, all, none, nobody, any等不定代词以及every连用。except 经常接名词或代词,但也可接副词,介词短语。(A except B:不包括B在内) besides:表示“除了之外(还有)”,相当于“加上”; (A besides B:A附加B在内) but用作介词时,其含义和用法与except大致相同,常可以交换使用。但but强调其意义的接近完整性,常在no,all,nobody,wher
43、e,who,everywhere等词后出现;而except则强调其后边的例外。注意: but或except后跟不定式作宾语时,如果其前有动词“do”,是实义动词do以及其相应形式作谓语动词时,其后的不定式均要省略to;若其前无do,不定式常保留。当but后接形容词时,或是以固定词组的形式出现时,都不宜用except去代替but。常见的有:nothingbut(=only)“只不过是”;anythingbut(=never)“绝不是”;allbut(=almost)“几乎跟一样”、“简直是”;firstbut,nextbut,lastbut等。(A but B:A但不包括B在内) except
44、that:exceptthat表示“除了”的意思,that是连词,引出名词性从句。若从句句意和结构完整,只需用引导词that。 except for:except for也表示“除以外”, 表示“除了”、“只有”,但它是在说明基本情况后,再作细节上的补充。它的前后不是“相称的同类语”即“不同事物”。它同except的区别是:except for后接的词同句子中的整体词(主语)不是同类的,指从整体中除去一个细节,一个方面;而except后接的词同整体词(主语)一般是同类,指在同类的整体中除去一个部分。(A except B:A但除了B在内,只有B) exceptwhen:类似于except th
45、at, 只是except when 后接时间状语从句。 withtheexceptionof:除.之外,不包括后接内容在内。(A withtheexceptionof B:不包括B在内) 应用: e.g. All banking charges outside Peru are for beneficiarys account, except confirmation charges which are for applicants account.秘鲁境外的一切银行费用由受益人承担,而保兑费用则由开证申请人承担。(注:for ones account:由承担 ;confirmation :保
46、兑 ) 【句型12】 under 关键词:under 说明:under:在情况下;受约束 应用: e.g. Negotiation/payment under reserve or against an indemnity prohibited. In that case, negotiation should be processed under our approval.禁止凭保函或保证议付/付款。在这种情况下,议付需在我行同意的情况下办理。(注:reserve:保存、储备、储存。negotiation/payment under reserve指在有担保条件下;indemnity :保证
47、物、赔偿物、赔款、补偿、保证;process:处理、进行、操作、程序;under approval:在同意的情况下 ) 【句型13】 wh/wh+ever结构 关键词:whatsoever/ whichever/wherever/whenever等 说明: whatsoever:无论在情况下。whatsoever是whatever的强调形式,并且用法比较正式,大都用来加强否定句的语气,其作用相当于at all。而whatever是 “任何”的意思,在肯定句中用作定语时,一般放在他所修饰的名词前。whatever 一般人用的时候意思是: 不管怎么说, 无聊.;whatever是代词,在句子中可以
48、扮演名词能够充当的所有成分。 whichever:无论、任何一个;无论哪个、究竟哪一个 wherever:无论什么地方、各处、处处、(究竟)在哪儿.有时也可以使用连词where表示“条件” whenever:无论什么时候;随时、无论何时、每当。有时也可以使用连词when表示“条件” however:是表转折的连词,是“然而”的意思。只能用来连接两个分句。conditional: 视而定的、有条件的、由一定条件诱发的、条件的、假定的 应用: e.g. A certificate is required from the owners, agent or master of the vessel
49、stating that the vessel carrying the goods and that the vessel is not banned entry to the port of the Arab states for any reason whatsoever under the law and regulations of such states.要求船东、船东代理或船长出具一份证书(证明),说明载货船只情况,同时声明载货船只无论何种理由在这些国家法律和法规管辖下不得禁止任何进入阿拉伯国家港口。(注:master of the vessel:船长) e.g. Packing
50、 list in 4-fold evidencing: 装箱单一式四份证明如下: Cartons bear shipping marks and applicants item numbers as per L/C纸箱上载有唛头和申请人的产品数目(与信用证一致) Neither packing /tape nor items bears any reference whatsoever to origin of goods or shows Chinese characters.无论包装胶带还是产品上均不能载有有关产品产地的批注或显示中文名字。 (注:in 4-fold:一式四份;eviden
51、ce:证明 ;bear :载有、包含 ;item :条款、项目;reference:参考、提及、涉及、证明人、介绍人) e.g. The negotiating bank is hereby authorized to make advances to you to the extent of 5600 or the used balance of this credit ,whichever is less, against your receipt for the amount advanced which must state the advance is to be used to p
52、ay for the purchase and shipment of the merchandise for which this credit is opened.兹授权议付行凭贵方的预付金额收据预付给贵方5600美元或本信用证所剩余额,选择少的,该预付金额须用于支付或运输本证项下的货物。(注:hereby:以此方式、特此、兹;make advance:垫款,先付,预付;extent:规模、多少、数额;the used balance:剩余额 ;state:规定、陈述、声明; merchandise: 商品、货物、买卖) e.g. Wherever the documents are re
53、quired to be countersigned or to be legalized by the authorities, such documents reproduced must bear the original signature(s) and stamp(s) of the authorities.单证无论何处需要回签或由当局认证,所复制的单证须载有当局的原始签章或印戳。(注:countersign :回签、会签 ;legalize:认证、使合法化、使得到法律认可;the authority:当局;reproduce:复制、再现;bear:包含、载有、注明 ) e.g. W
54、here we find documents to be discrepant, we may approach the applicant for a waiver at our sole discretion. Unless prior contrary instructions have been received form the presenter, we may release documents to the DC applicant upon their waiver of discrepancies. In such event, the presenter includin
55、g the beneficiary shall have no claim against us, the issuing bank.如果我行发现有瑕疵(不符点),我行会根据我行的情况和信用证的申请人联系以获得弃权声明书。除非收到交单人相反的提示,我行在收到申请人不符点弃权声明书的时候将向其放单。在这种情况下,交单人包括受益人将不得向我开证行提出索赔。(注:discrepant:不符、与冲突矛盾;approach:与取得联系;discretion:慎重、慎重、考虑周到、判断力、辨别力、自行决定的自由;sole discretion:全权处理,单独酌处权;the DC applicant :信用证的申请人;presenter :交单人 ) e.g. A fee of USD64 will be charged to beneficiary for each set of discrepant documents as additional processing fee whenever we must obtain approval from our customer, whether a notice a notice of refusal has been given or not.无论何
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