定语从句总结(精辟)

1、1.定语从句：1）定语从句的定义在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词Who（宾格 whom,所有格 whose）, that, which 和关系副词 where, when, why 等。The boy who is wearing a black coat bought a dictionary yesterday.The noodles that （ which ） my mother cooked were deliciousThe school where I learned judo was ver

2、y largeI remember the day when our band was formedI don t know the reason why she got so angry this morning2）定语从句的种类:定语从句可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句：它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限定性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。Do you know the girl who just came in?Shanghai is a city（

3、that） Ive always wanted to visitHer sister married a man （who/whom/that） she met on a planeThe time when I first met Mr. White was a very difficult period of my life. （2）非限定性定语从句：它只是对先彳丁词作附加补充说明,如果去掉,主句的意 思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that引导，而且不可以省略关系词。The old woman, who lives on he

4、r own, has a cat for company.Lori is going to marry Mark, whom she does not loveBeijing, which is the capital city of China, is a very beautiful city3）关系代词的用法：在定语从句中，关系代词起着连接主句与从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中 的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。关系代词who, whom的用法（1） wh。可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格

5、的whom,但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom,即介词+whom ” . E. g. Jonny is a person who always has novel ideasThe girl who the first prize in the contest is from ZhejiangThe person who/whom you just talked to is Mr. DeppThe person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp.（介词 to 提到定语从句前,只能用 whom.）We? 11 go to the hospi

6、tal to see the patients, most of whom are children（whom 前常用表不数量的词 none/neither/both/each/all of ）在定语从句中，who, that指人时可以通用，但在下列情况下用who,而不用that.A）先行词是 one, ones, anyone 时，宜用 who.One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.The ones who flatter me don，t please me.Anyone who laughs las

7、t laughs bestAnyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticizedB）先彳丁词为 those 时，宜用 who. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up hereNo words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquakeC）当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who.I met a girl in t

8、he street yesterday who grew up in Yunnan provinceD）个句子中带有两个定语从句时,其中个定语从句的关系代词时that,另一个宜用who. E. g. The boy that you met last night is the groupleader who studies very hardE）在there be开头的句子中，事宜用who.There is a young man who wants to see your father There was a king who was kind to his peopleThere are

9、many old men who are against this plan.二.关系代词whose的用法：关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它 既可以代人，也可以代物。当whose代物时，相 当于of which.Whose引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句。Do you know Peter whose father happens to be working in your company?The tourist wanted to book a room whose window faces south.=The tourist wanted

10、to book a room the window of which faces south =The tourist wanted to book a room The room s window faces south.We went to see our teacher Miss Styles, whose husband lost his life in the earthquake.Xi an, whose walls remain as good as before, is one of the few cities with city walls三.关系代词that, which

11、的用法(1) 在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that 般可通用。The new house that/which I has just bought is about six miles away.They planted some trees that /which didn need much water(2) 限定性定诰从句中只用that而不用which的情况。A) 先行词有形容词最高级修饰时This is the best way that has been used against pollutionPolly is the most direct young woman

12、that I have ever come across B) 先行词有序数词修饰时This is the third time that they have metThe very first time that Lester saw the film, he made up his mind to become a doctorC) 主句已有疑问词who或which时Which of the car s that are in front of the hotel belongs to you?Who is the man that is sitting by the lake ?D) 先

13、行词既有人又有物时He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visitedThe bike and his rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police stationE) 先彳丁词为 all, much, few, lit tie, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时Its easy to do the repair All that you need is a hammer and s

14、ome nailsWe haven1tgot much that we can offer youI* d like to tell you something that will make you surprisedF)先彳丁词前面有 the very, the only, the same, any, few, little, no, all, one of 等词修饰时This is the very room that I slept in that eveningThe only thing that we can do is to give you some money.Li Min

15、g is the only one that wants to be a teacherG)有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词以用 which,另一个宜用thatEdison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before(3)只用which而不用that的情况A) 引导非限定定语从句时The fish, which I bought this morning, is very freshMy house, which I bought two years ago, has got a lovely

16、 gardenJim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the officeHelen was much kinder to her youngest son than to others, which , of course, made the others envy him.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, most of which are sold abroad(which 前常用 none/neither/most/bo

17、th/each/all/a little of 等词修饰丿B) 在限定性定语从句中，关系带词前有介词时I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less importantThis is the hotel in which you will stay=That s the hotel (which/that) you will stay in.(此句中，如果介词in放在句子的后面，那么关系代词既可用which,也可用that,还可省略。O在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句时，其中一句的关系代词that时，另一*个用whi

18、ch.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.4) 关系副词的用法(where, when, why)：关系副词和关系代词一样，具有数重作用。连接主句与从句，指代先行词，在从句中作句子成分。由于关系 副词在从句中均做状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。关系副词where的用法：有关系副词where弓|导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building, city, room等，where在从句中作地点状语。Th

19、e hotel where we stayed was very clean. = The hotel (that/which) we stayed at was very clean.二The hotel at which we stayed was very cleanI got to the stage where I wasn， coping any more=1 got to the stage (which/that) I wasn J coping with any more=1 got to the stage with which I wasn coping any more

20、二关系副词when的用法：有when弓|导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表不时间的名词，如time, day, date,等，when在从句中作时间状语。I 11 never forget the time when we first met in London =1 11 never forget the time during which we first met in LondonThe date (when/that) he joined the ANC Youth League was August 5：n.(如果按语法来讲，上例中的定语从句只能用when 导,但在口语中，常用that代

21、替when,而且还可以省略。)三.关系副词why的用法：由why引导的定语从句，常用在先行词 reason后面，why在句中作原因状语。The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard二The reason (that)/for which I got a job was that I worked hardThe reason why she was late was that she missed her plane=The reason (that)/for which she was late was that she missed h

22、er planeAmy didn get a pay rise, but this wasn* tthe main reason why she left=Amy didn get a pay rise, but this wasn，the main reason (that)/for which she left(一般说来，在定语从句中，只要先行词是 the reason,它的关系副词就是 why,但在口语中，和when -样，why常被that代替，也可省 略。)重点比较：带reason的定语从句与表语从句的常用句型：定语从句 The reason why/that ； the reaso

23、n why/that 表语从句 The reason is that(不能用why,否则就重复了)I know the reason why she studies so wel 1The reason is that he is always careless in his work四关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句的区别对于同一个先行词，正确区分关系代词和关系副词，关键是要弄清楚它们在定语从句中担任什么成分，而不仅仅取决于先行词是什么。如果关系词在从 句中制作主语或宾语，就是关系代词；如果关系词在定语从句中做状语，就是关系副词，当然上面提到的口语用法除外。例句 比较:1. This is

24、the college (that/which) I visited.2 This is the college where I studied three years ago.3 I 11 never forget the day(that/which)we spent together4. I 11 never forget the day when I got married5) 使用定语从句注意事项一.定语从句中的主谓一致A) 定语从句中的关系代词作主语时，从句谓语的人称，数要与先行词一致。Is he the man who/that wants to see you?B) as/wh

25、ich作主语引导非限定性从句指全句时，从句谓语用第三人称。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.As is usual, Hans came to school late this morningC) 先行词为“ one of +复数名词“时，关系代词为从句主语，谓语用复数。Freddy is one of the students who want to be diplomats in our class.D）先行词为“ the only one of the+复数名词“时，关系代词为从句主语，谓语用单数。He

26、is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years二.what, how不能用于定语从句中.A) what不能用作关系代词来引导定语从句，但是what引导的宾语从句可以与that引导的定语从句进行互换。Tell me anything (that) you know 二 Tell me what you knowTell me anything what you know(wrong)B) how不能用作关系副词来引导定语从句，修饰表示方式的way的定语从句用which来引导，

27、也可用that或省略。This is the way (in which/that) I worked out the problemThis is how I worked out the problemThis is the way how I worked out the problem. (wrong)三.关系代词和关系副词的省略(1)关系代词的省略：A)非限定性定语从句中关系代词不可以省略。Jan Hasek, who was my former English teacher, retired last yearB) 在限定性定语从句中，关系代词用作动词宾语时可省略。Sorry,

28、forgot to bring the magazine (which/that) you wantC) 关系代词作介词宾语时，如果介词出现在关系代词前，关系代词不可以省略；如果介词位于定语从句句末，关系代词可以省略。This is the government building in which my father worksThis is the government (which/that) my father works in.This is the government building in my father works( 错误)D) there be句型之后的定语从句中，做主语或宾语的关系代词常客省略。There nothing (that) I can do about it.6) 定语从句和同位语的区别A) 根据that在从句中是否做成