必修3 unit5 词汇和名词性从句 正式版

1、Unit 5 Canada The True North Words and expressions rather than 表示客观事实，意为表示客观事实，意为“而不而不 是是；与其；与其不如不如”。它连接的并列成。它连接的并列成 分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短短 语语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。 (1) 连接两个名词或代词连接两个名词或代词 He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个 探险者。探险者。 2. r

2、ather than You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。是你而不是我要去要野营。 注意：注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作连接两个名词或代词作 主语时，谓语动词应与主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的前面的 名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (3) 连接两个介词连接两个介词(短语短语)或动名词或动名词 She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。 (2) 连接两个形容词连

3、接两个形容词 The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它 漂亮。漂亮。 (4) 连接两个分句连接两个分句 We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。 (5) 连接两个不定式连接两个不定式 I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打电话。我决定写信而不打电话。

4、rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。的不定式。 如如: Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。 prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做某事不愿做宁愿做某事不愿做. 我宁愿留在家里，而不愿出去。我宁愿留在家里，而不愿出去。 I prefer to stay at home_ rather than go out. 1.To enjo

5、y the scenery, Tom would rather spend long hours on the train_ travel by air. A. as B. to C. than D. while 2.He told his teacher that he preferred _ the classroom to _ the text. A. to clean reciting B. clean reciting C. to clean to recite D. cleaning reciting would rather dothan do. Would dorather t

6、han do. prefer doing to doing 拓展拓展: 宁愿宁愿.而不愿而不愿 注：other than 除之外 You rather than I am going camping. are with, along with,together with,as well as, besides, but, except, including 谓语动词也于前面的名词保持一致谓语动词也于前面的名词保持一致. 就远一致原则就远一致原则 He rather than you is going to visit the factory. as well as The teacher as

7、 well as the students _ been looking forward to the chance. The students as well as the teacher _been looking forward to the chance. My mother, together with me, (watch) TV on weekends. has have watches 词组：词组： on the way to 在去在去的路上的路上 chat with sb about sth 与某人闲谈某事与某人闲谈某事 （chatting, chatted) 4. It i

8、s so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres. so.that 如此以致于，后跟结果状语 从目，常用too to或enough to来变为简单句， 如： She was so angry that she couldnt say a word. = She was too angry to say a word. 她太气愤以致于说不出话来。 so . that 与 such . that so . that 与 such . that意思一致，that均引导 结果状从句，但是so为

9、副词，such为形容词， 所以二者所接词不一样的。 1) so +adj. / adv. + that从句或so +adj. + a(n) + 单名+ that从句 She is so good a teacher that we all love her. such + adj. + 复名 + that从句或such + a(n) + 单名+ that从句 She is such a good teacher that we all love her. 1). She is _ lovely a girl _ all pf us like very much. 2). They are _

10、interesting books _ we all enjoy reading them. so that that such 5. some measuring over 90 metres 独立主格结构作状语独立主格结构作状语-表示时间、原因、条件或表示时间、原因、条件或 伴随情况伴随情况 measure (v) 测量，判定测量，判定 (n) 措施，计量制措施，计量制 1. The room measures 10 metres wide. 2. Can you measure the table with this ruler? some measuring over 90 metre

11、s 是独立主格 结构 独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分 构成，在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是 句子，相当于状语从句，可表示时间、原 因、条件、行为、方式或伴随情况。其构 成：名词(代词) + 现在分词/过去分词/形容 词/副词/不定式/介词短语，如： 1) The meeting over, they left the hall. 2) My watch having been lost, I didnt know what time it was. 3) Time permitting, I shall go to the cinema with you. 4) Mary entered

12、 the room, his hands in his pockets. 作时间状语 作原因状语 作条件状语 描述伴随行为或补充说明 1). The test _ (finish), we began our holiday. 2). Weather _ (permit), we are going to visit you tomorrow. 3). He came into the room, his ears _ _ _ (冻得发紫). 4). He came out of the library, a book _ _ _ (夹在胳膊下). finished permitting re

13、d with cold under thearms 7. settle down (1) 坐下坐下; 躺下躺下 He settled down in his chair to read the newspaper. (2) 过安定的生活过安定的生活 After years of travelling, he decided to settle down here. (3) 安下心来安下心来; 专心致志于专心致志于 Then they settled themselves down to work. 8. , they managed to catch sight of some mountai

14、n goats and even manage v. 设法做到; 勉力完成 How did you manage to get their approval? manage和try都有“设法干成某事”之意， 但manage指设法干成(succeed in doing sth.)， 带有结果含义的动词；而try只表示努力的 过程，本身体现不出结果。 I went across the road = I cross the road. 我横过马路(经斑马线) He passed through the hall. 他穿过大厅 She climbed over the wall. 她翻过墙去。 Th

15、e sunlight came in _ the window of the roof and lit up the whole room . A. through B. across C. on D. over 12. as far as (1) 远至；和远至；和一样远一样远 Sarah has read as far as the fourth volume. I walked as far as the foot of the mountain. (2) （表程度或范围）就（表程度或范围）就，尽，尽. As far as I can remember, they were all poe

16、ts. As far as I am concerned, I hold the firm belief that as long as you work hard, you will succeed at last. He often takes a walk _ the hillside. A. as far as B. so far as C. as soon as D. as well as _ I know , English is the official language in Singapore. A. As soon as B. As far as C. As long as

17、 D. As well as within与与in表达时间的区别表达时间的区别: within指在时间范围之内，不超过；指在时间范围之内，不超过； 而而in 是经过若干时间，指期限之外。是经过若干时间，指期限之外。 Ill be there within an hour. （一小时之内）（一小时之内） Ill be there in an hour. （一小时之后）（一小时之后） 13. within prep 在在-之内之内; 不越过不越过 短语： within easy reach 在手边，在够得着的地方 within ones rights 在权限内 within ones knowle

18、dge 所了解的 live within ones income 量入为出 remain within reach / call / hearing / sight 留在附近 / 叫得应 / 听得见 / 看得到的 地方 14. The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world north of = to the north 表示表示“在在的北方的北方”，其他其他 方位词，如：方位词，如：east, west, south, southeast, northeas

19、t 等，都有类似的用法。等，都有类似的用法。 He lives to the east of Los Angeles. A is in the east of B: A在在B的东部的东部(内部内部) A is on the east of B: A在在B的东侧的东侧(外部接壤、毗邻外部接壤、毗邻) A is to the east of B: A在在B的东部的东部(范围之外范围之外) 1. Taiwan is _ the southeast of China. 2. _ the east of China is / lies Shanghai. 3. _ the east of Shangha

20、i is the East Sea. 4. Japan lies _ the east of China. 5. Korea is _ the northeast of China. Fill in the blanks with on, to or in. in In On to to Noun Clause 在句子中起在句子中起名词作用名词作用的句子的句子 名词性从句的功能名词性从句的功能相当于相当于名词词组名词词组 名词性从句：名词性从句： His job is important. What he does is important. 主语主语 This is his job. Thi

21、s is what he does every day. 表语表语 名词性从句在句中可以担任：名词性从句在句中可以担任： 主语、宾语（介宾）、表语、同位语，主语、宾语（介宾）、表语、同位语， 因此，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，分为：因此，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，分为： 从句一律用陈述语序。从句一律用陈述语序。 主语主语从句从句 同位语从句同位语从句 表语表语从句从句 宾语宾语从句从句 that / what 1._ he wants is a book. 2. _ he wants to go there is obvious. 3.The result is _ we won the g

22、ame. 4.This is _ we want to know. 5. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon. What That that what what 1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分 1. 通常放在主句谓语动词之前通常放在主句谓语动词之前 2. 也可以由形式主语也可以由形式主语it 来代替，来代替， 而将主语从句放在句末。而将主语从句放在句末。 用用it作形式主语的作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： a. It + be +形容词形容词+ that-从句从

23、句 It is necessary that 有必要有必要 It is important that 重要的是重要的是 It is obvious that 很明显很明显 b. It + be + -ed 分词分词+ that-从句从句 It is believed that人们相信人们相信 It is known to all that从所周知从所周知 It has been decided that 已决定已决定 c. It + be +名词名词+ that-从句从句 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识 It is a surprise that 令人惊奇

24、的是令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 d. It +不及物动词不及物动词+ that-分句分句 It appears that似乎似乎 It happens that碰巧碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 注注 意：意： 1. What you left _only several old books. (be) 2. What you said _of great importance.(be) 3. What he says and does _concern me.(do) 4. What he says and doe

25、s _agree.(do) “if” 不能引导主语从句，应有不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导。引导。 主语从句的主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。一般不能省。 “what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：引导主语从句时，谓语动词： 1）常与其后的名词作表语一致）常与其后的名词作表语一致 2）根据句子的语境而定。）根据句子的语境而定。 are is doesnt dont 1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go camping t

26、omorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where 3. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. That C. what D. when 6.What I say and think _ none of your business.

27、 A. is B. are C. has D have 2. 宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作及物可以作及物 动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语） (1)(1)主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语从句宾语从句 (2) 主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语（宾语从句）直接宾语（宾语从句） (3) 作介词宾语作介词宾语 (4) 作某些形容词的宾语作某些形容词的宾语 （sure, happy, glad, certain, pleased , afraid, worried sorry , surprised等）等）

28、否定的转移：否定的转移： 若主句的谓语动词为若主句的谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect,guess, imagine等其后宾语从句等其后宾语从句 若含否定意义，一般若含否定意义，一般 把否定词移到这些词上。把否定词移到这些词上。 注注 意：意： 1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾 语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。 2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语 动词要用相应的过

29、去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容 为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。 The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. travels 1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) 2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) 3. Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday ev

30、ening. 4. I hear they _ (return) it already. 5. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) will be goes were playing have returned had been 3. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连 系动词之后系动词之后. 连接词：连接词：that (不省不省)/ whether /as if / as though/because （ if 不引导不引导 表语从句表语从句) 连接代词：连接

31、代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：连接副词：when / where / why / how 作用：对主语进行解释说明。作用：对主语进行解释说明。 be, feel , look , remain, seem and so on 1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whet

32、her 4 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟 在一些抽象名词（在一些抽象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明. 一般由一般由“that”或连接副词或连接副词 when / where/why / how / whether 引导引导. I have heard the news that he visited our factory . I have heard the news that he told you

33、 the other day . 同位语从句和定语从句的区别：同位语从句和定语从句的区别： 1 同位语从句同位语从句that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分只起连接作用，不作任何成分 定语从句定语从句 that 是关系代词，起连接作用和充是关系代词，起连接作用和充 当宾语和主语当宾语和主语 2同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关 系，对名词进行补充说明系，对名词进行补充说明 定语从句定语从句 定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对 名词进行修饰，加以限定名词进行修饰，加以限定 3同位语从句同位语从句that 不能省不能省 定语从句定

34、语从句 that 在从句中作宾语时，可以省在从句中作宾语时，可以省 如下面同位语从句的引导词。如下面同位语从句的引导词。 e.g.e.g. I have no idea when he will be back. how he can get the treasure. where the concert will be held. who can finish the work. why it happened. which pen is mine. what we should do next. whom they are talking about. whether itll rain

35、tomorrow. that our football team won the game. The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed. （2012 江苏）江苏） A. when B. that C. whether D. how 解析：句意为是解析：句意为是“会议将被延期的通知大会议将被延期的通知大 约下午两点钟传来约下午两点钟传来”。空格后的句子是解。空格后的句子是解 释说明名词释说明名词 the notice，作同位语从句，且，作同位语从句，且 从句结构完整，所以用从句结构完整

36、，所以用that引导。引导。 B 真题解析真题解析 Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. （2012 重庆）重庆） A. why B. how C. whether D. that 解析：分析句子结构可知，空白处后面为解析：分析句子结构可知，空白处后面为 句子主语句子主语Evidence的同位语从句，在这一的同位语从句，在这一 从句中，句意完整，不缺少成分，应该使从句中，句意完整，不缺

37、少成分，应该使 用用that作为引导词。因此，正确答案为作为引导词。因此，正确答案为D项。项。 D Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases. (2011天津天津) A. what B. which C. that D. where 解析：解析：that引导同位语从句引导同位语从句,修饰修饰evidence。 that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不充当任引导同位语从句时，在从句中不充当任 何成分，也没有真实含义。句子意思是何成分，也没有真实含义。句子意思是 “现代科学已经清楚地表明吸烟能

38、导致很现代科学已经清楚地表明吸烟能导致很 多种疾病。多种疾病。” C When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army. (2011 辽宁辽宁) A. since B. which C. that D. because 解析：本句意思是：当消息传来说战争爆发解析：本句意思是：当消息传来说战争爆发 了，他决定去部队服役。句中了，他决定去部队服役。句中the war broke out是是news指代的具体内容，因此，此处应指代的具体内容，因此，此处应 选择选择that来引导同位语从句，故答案为来引导同

39、位语从句，故答案为C。 需注意的是，需注意的是，that虽然不充当句子成分，但虽然不充当句子成分，但 是不能省略。是不能省略。 C 1. I think it is going to be a big problem. Yes, it could be. I wonder _ we can do about it. (北京北京 2002春季春季) A. if B. how C. what D. that 2. _ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize I the match. (上海上海2001春春) A. There; that B.

40、 It; what C. There; whether D. It; whether 3. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. (NMET 2001) A. until B. that C. when D. where C C A 高考真题高考真题 4. News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. （2009四川）四川） A.

41、 which B. what C. that D. where 5. Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport? No problem. （2009浙江）浙江） A. When B. that C. whether D. what 6. We should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science. （2009重庆）重庆） A. that B. when C. which D.

42、 where C B A 7. One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. （2010上海）上海） A. that B. how C. what D. why 8.The true value of life is not in _ , but_. A. how you get ;that you give B.which you get;what you give C.what you get ;what you

43、give D. what do you get ;what do you give A C 自我测验：自我测验： 1. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A What / because B What / that C That / what D That / because 2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her l

44、essons . A What / why B That / what C What / because D Why / that 3. We all know the truth _ there are air ,water and sunlight,there are living things. A. wherever B. where C. that D. that wherever B A D 4.There will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. Whomever 5. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game . A.why B. what C. who D. that (05) 6.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (05) A. whi